Voice Initiation and Termination Times in Stuttering and Nonstuttering Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter L. Cullinan ◽  
Mark T. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Language Problem ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
The Times ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Normal Speaking

The times needed to initiate and terminate voicing in response to series of short segments of 1000 Hz pure-tone auditory signal were studied for stuttering and nonstuttering children. The effects of random reward and nonreward on the phonatory response times also were studied. The experimental group consisted of 20 children, 11 of whom had other speech and/or language problems in addition to stuttering and nine whose only communication disorder was stuttering. The control group consisted of 20 normal-speaking children balanced with the stuttering group for sex and age. Children with speech and/or language problems in addition to stuttering were found to have significantly slower voice initiation and termination times than the normal-speaking children. The children with stuttering as the only speech and/or language problem generally did not differ significantly from the normal-speaking children in phonation times. The data suggest that whereas older stuttering children have longer phonation times than do nonstuttering children, younger stuttering children do not. Voicing times for responses following nonrewarded responses tended to be shorter than those for responses following rewarded responses for both groups.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of PBL Teaching Method in Physics Experiment Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Qi Tian ◽  
Zhi-Xin Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ming-Hai Wu ◽  
Yu-Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
The Times ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

Discuss the method and effect of problem-based teaching method (PBL) in the teaching of physics experiment in junior high school. Method: A total of 92 students in two junior high school classes were selected, and one of them was randomly set as the experimental group (46 students) and the other one was the control group (456 students). The experimental group added PBL teaching on the basis of traditional teaching methods. Methods, the control group was taught according to the traditional teaching method only, and finally the teaching effect of the two groups was compared. Results: The physics performance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the traditional teaching group (P<0.05). The students in the experimental group were better than traditional teaching in subjective evaluations such as learning initiative, learning interest, thinking ability training, practical ability, and innovation ability. Conclusion: The PBL teaching model is more adapted to the development of the times, and the effect is better than traditional teaching. It can combine the learning and practical skills of students, and the comprehensive ability can be greatly improved.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Treatment of Symptomatic Foot and Ankle Bone Cyst with 3D Printing Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Changgui Zhang ◽  
Jin Cao ◽  
Hongli Zhu ◽  
Huaquan Fan ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Cysts ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy ◽  
The Times ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To study the efficacy of arthroscopy for treating symptomatic bone cysts of the foot and ankle through the follow-up of patients and to further explore the application value of 3D printing technology in this treatment. Methods. Twenty-one patients with symptomatic bone cysts in the foot and ankle who underwent arthroscopic surgery in our Center from March 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled, including 11 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. For the control group, C-arm fluoroscopy was used intraoperatively to confirm the positioning of the cysts; for the experimental group, a 3D model of the lesion tissue and the 3D-printed individualized guides were prepared to assist the positioning of the cysts. Debridement of the lesion tissues was conducted under an arthroscope. Regular follow-ups were conducted. The time of establishing arthroscopic approaches and the times of intraoperative fluoroscopy between the two groups were compared. Significance was determined as P < 0.05 . Results. The postoperative pathology of the patients confirmed the diagnosis. No significant perioperative complications were observed in either group, and no recurrence of bone cysts was seen at the last follow-up. The VAS scores and AOFAS scores of the two groups at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with the preoperative data, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. All surgeries were performed by the same senior surgeon. The time taken to establish the arthroscopic approaches between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ), and the times of intraoperative fluoroscopy required to establish the approach were also statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ). The intraoperative bleeding between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.01 ). There was 1 case in each group whose postoperative CT showed insufficient bone grafting, but no increase in cavity volume was observed during the follow-up. Conclusion. With the assistance of the 3D printing technology for treating symptomatic bone cysts of the ankle and foot, the surgeon can design the operation preoperatively and perform the rehearsal, which would make it easier to establish the arthroscopic approach, better understand the anatomy, and make the operation smoother. This trial is registered with http://www.clinicaltrials.govNCT03152916.

Tinnitus Loudness Tracking: A “Type V Békésy” Pattern Does Not Exist for Pseudotinnitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 920-926
Author(s):  
James R. Steiger ◽  
Emily J. Thielman ◽  
James A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
Type V ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
As If

Background: Evaluation tools are lacking for the identification of patients exhibiting pseudotinnitus. It was hypothesized that tinnitus loudness traces might show a separation between continuous and pulsed tones for participants exhibiting pseudotinnitus, that is, the “type V” pattern shown for threshold tracking among participants exhibiting pseudohypacusis. It was further hypothesized that tinnitus loudness tracking might reveal unreliable tinnitus loudness matches among participants exhibiting pseudotinnitus due to their lack of an internal tinnitus standard. Purpose: To determine whether a tinnitus loudness tracking pattern exists for participants exhibiting pseudotinnitus. Research Design: Nonrandomized posttest-only control design. The experimental group participants were those without tinnitus, and the control group participants were those with tinnitus. Study Sample: There were 86 participants, including 45 with tinnitus and 41 without tinnitus. The participants' hearing varied from normal to severe hearing losses by pure-tone average at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Intervention: Participants without tinnitus were asked to act as if they had tinnitus and to complete tinnitus loudness matching as if they were trying to convince the test (or computer) that they had tinnitus. Data Analysis: t-tests Results: There were no statistically significant differences between individuals with tinnitus and participants acting out pseudotinnitus for any of six measures: (1) continuous tone tinnitus loudness tracking; (2) pulsed tone tinnitus loudness tracking; (3) differences between continuous and pulsed tone tinnitus loudness tracking; (4) continuous tone excursion width; (5) pulsed tone excursion width; and (6) differences between continuous and pulsed tone excursion width. Conclusions: Tinnitus loudness tracking does not appear to hold promise as a clinical tool for the identification of participants exhibiting pseudotinnitus.

scholarly journals Application of 3D-Printed Personalized Guide in Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Duan ◽  
Peng He ◽  
Huaquan Fan ◽  
Chengchang Zhang ◽  
Fuyou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Ankle Arthrodesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kirschner Wires ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Intraoperative Radiation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Times ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To accurately drill the Kirschner wire with the help of the 3D-printed personalized guide and to evaluate the feasibility of the 3D technology as well as the outcome of the surgery. Methods. Patients’ DICM data of ankle via CT examinations were introduced into the MIMICS software to design the personalized guides. Two 2mm Kirschner wires were drilled with the help of the guides; the C-arm fluoroscopy was used to confirm the position of the wires before applying the cannulated screws. The patients who underwent ankle arthrodesis were divided into two groups. The experimental group adopted the 3D-printed personalized guides, while the control group received traditional method, i.e., drilling the Kirschner wires according to the surgeon’s previous experience. The times of completing drilling the Kirschner wires to correct position were compared between the two groups. Regular follow-ups were conducted to statistically analyze the differences in the ankle fusion time and AOFAS scores between the two groups. Results. 3D-printed personalized guides were successfully prepared. A total of 29 patients were enrolled, 15 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. It took 2.2 ± 0.8 minutes to drill the Kirschner wires to correct position in the experimental group and 4.5 ± 1.6 minutes in the control group (p=0.001). No obvious complications occurred in the two groups during and after surgery. Postoperative radiographs confirmed bony fusion in all cases. There were no significant differences in the fusion time (p=0.82) and AOFAS scores at 1 year postoperatively between the two groups (p=0.55). Conclusions. The application of 3D-printed personalized guide in assisting the accurate drilling of Kirschner wire in ankle arthrodesis can shorten the operation time and reduce the intraoperative radiation. This technique does not affect the surgical outcome. Trial Registration Number. This study is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov with NCT03626935.

Evaluation of Postinfection Hearing with Audiological Tests in Patients with COVID-19: A Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (07) ◽  
pp. 464-468
Author(s):  
Mehtap Koparal ◽  
Cuneyt Yılmazer
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hearing Problems

Abstract Background Some viral infections can cause congenital or acquired unilateral or bilateral hearing loss. It is predicted that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, which can affect many systems in the body, may also have a negative effect on hearing. Purpose This study evaluated the effects of COVID-19 infection on pure-tone average. Research Design A case–control study. Materials and Methods A total of 104 volunteers (48 control, 56 experimental group) who applied to the ENT clinic of Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital were included in this study. After the detailed clinical examination and medical history, 13 volunteers of the experimental group and 5 volunteers from the control group were excluded from the study. In this way, each group consisted of 43 volunteers. While the experimental group consisted of patients who did not have any hearing problems before but had COVID-19. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers who did not have any hearing problems and were not infected with COVİD-19. Audiological test was applied to all volunteers to determine their pure-tone average. On the data obtained, it was analyzed whether COVID-19 affects the pure-tone average and how it changes according to variables such as age and gender. Results The evaluation of the 43 (50.0%) COVID-19-positive patients and 43 (50.0%) healthy controls showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) at 250 and 500 Hz, whereas at 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz, the two groups differed significantly. In addition, significant differences were found in the left and right ears at 1000 and 2000 Hz (p < 0.05). The differences between the two groups in the pure-tone average of the left and right ear were statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant sex-based differences in the pure-tone average between males and females (p > 0.05) Conclusion The pure-tone average of COVID-19 positive patients was significantly worse than those of the healthy control group. Thus, COVID-19 should also be considered in patients presenting with unexplained hearing loss. Further studies should investigate the effects of COVID-19 on hearing and the underlying pathophysiology.

scholarly journals The effects of a 6-week plyometric training on agility performance in silat olahraga

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia Al-Syurgawi
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Times ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to determine if six weeks of plyometric training can improve an athlete’s agility performance in silat olahraga. Protocol: Thirty-four (n=34) silat olahraga athletes (mean age 14 ± 3.22 years old), mean weights (42 ± 10.89 kg), mean heights (148 ± 8.79 cm) were selected as a subject for this study. All subjects were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental group). Seventeen athletes (n=17) in experimental group performed conventional silat workout routine and plyometric training for 6-week for 2 sessions per week in 45 min to 1 hour while the control group (n=17) only performed conventional silat workout routine. All subjects participated in hexagon agility test. The subjects were required to attend the pre-test on a week before the intervention for pre-test session, mid-test on the third week of the intervention training, and post-test session on the end of intervention week. Repeated measure mixed between-within ANOVA was utilized to analyze the results. Results: End of the 6-week intervention, results revealed, agility performance were statistically changed across the times (p<0.05) in the experimental group. The plyometric training group had a quicker time and reduced time on the ground across the time for the hexagon agility test. The results of this study proved that plyometric training could be an effective training technique to improve the agility performance among silat olahraga athletes. 

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) BERPENDEKATAN SCIENCE EDUTAINMENT TERHADAP KREATIVITAS PESERTA DIDIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekar Dwi Ardianti ◽  
Ika Ari Pratiwi ◽  
Mohammad Kanzunnudin
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Times ◽  
Experimental Group

The development of science and technology gives effect to the development of human resources. Education has a decisive role for the development and realization of human resources according to the demands of the times. One of the basic education that should be mastered by students is a science because science can not be separated from everyday human life. Science as the proceedings applies the scientific method to solve problems and discover new concepts. In the process of inquiry or discovery are required special skills in thinking and acting. One of the capabilities that need to be developed is the ability of students to think creatively. This study was aimed at examining the effect of the the project based learning by science edutainment approach on students creativity. This study used the post-test control group design. This study used cluster random sampling to devide samples into two groups. The experimental group was implemented model of project based learning by science edutainment approach and the control group was implemented conventional method. The independent variables in this study are the type of learning method and dependent variable is the students creativity. The average of students creativity score in experimental group is 7,52 and 6,78 for control group. The t-test showed a significantly different students creativity, between the experimental and control groups. The use of project based learning by science edutainment approach significantly influenced the students creativity

Visual Reinforcement of Head-Turn Responses in Infants Under 12 Months of Age

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Moore ◽  
Wesley R. Wilson ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Turn ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of complex visual reinforcement (animated toy animal) on auditory localization responses of infants below 12 months of age was studied. Sixty infants served as subjects and each subject received 30 presentations of complex noise at suprathreshold level. After each response to an auditory signal, one-half of the infants (experimental group) received complex visual reinforcement and the other half (control group) received no reinforcement. The experimental and control groups were further subdivided into three age groups: four months, five and six months, and seven to 11 months. Visual reinforcement produced significantly more responses (head turn) than no reinforcement for the two older age groups. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control conditions at four months of age.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

Teaching Language Rules as Solutions to Language Problems

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil J. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Language Problem ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Approach To Teaching

The teaching procedures that are commonly used with language-disordered children do not entirely match the goals that they are intended to achieve. By using a problem-solving approach to teaching language rules, the procedures and goals of language teaching become more harmonious. Such procedures allow a child to create a rule to solve a simple language problem created for the child by a clinician who understands the conditions that control the operation of a rule.

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