Speech Breathing in Senescent and Younger Women During Oral Reading

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Sperry ◽  
Richard J. Klich
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Speech Breathing ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Reading Context

Breathing patterns in 20–30-year-old and 60–70-year-old women were recorded noninvasively during various nonspeech and oral reading tasks. On the nonspeech tasks, the only significant difference between groups was a smaller mean vital capacity for the older women. On oral reading, the older women had significantly greater means for absolute and relative inhalatory volumes, relative inhalatory airflow rates, absolute and relative volumes during nonphonatory exhalations, and relative exhalatory volumes. No significant mean differences between groups were found on absolute inhalatory airflow rates, absolute exhalatory volumes during speech, and absolute and relative exhalatory airflow rates. In both age groups, increases in sentence length were associated with significantly increased inhalatory and exhalatory volumes but mean airflow rates were not significantly affected by sentence length. Some differential effects of reading context on only the older group seemed to represent additional demands placed on their respiratory systems for speech breathing.

Sweating sensitivity and capacity of women in relation to age

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Drinkwater ◽  
J. F. Bedi ◽  
A. B. Loucks ◽  
S. Roche ◽  
S. M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Ten postmenopausal and ten younger women rested for 2 h in a 40 degrees C, 22.2-Torr vapor pressure environment. Sweating response was monitored by resistance hygrometry for onset, a platform balance for whole-body sweat rate, and five individual capsules for regional sweat rate. Other variables measured included forearm blood flow, heart rate (HR), mean skin (Tsk) and rectal (Tre) temperatures, sweat electrolytes (Na+ and K+), oxygen uptake, and plasma volume changes. Preliminary tests included maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and percent body fat. Heat stress did not elicit any significant differences in sweating response between age groups. Indices of heat strain, Tre and HR, were also similar for both groups. The only significant difference between younger and older women was a higher Na+ concentration in the forearm sweat of postmenopausal women. No thermoregulatory responses were related to age, but both sweat rate (r = 0.48) and peak Tsk (r = -0.43) were related to VO2max. For healthy, active, older women aging did not diminish the functional capacity of the sweating mechanism to cope with heat stress while resting in this specific thermal environment.

scholarly journals Utilization of preimplantation genetic testing in the USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Roche ◽  
Catherine Racowsky ◽  
Joyce Harper
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Older Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Live Birth Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and live birth rates (LBR) in the USA from 2014 to 2017 and to understand how PGT is being used at a clinic and state level. Methods This study accessed SART data for 2014 to 2017 to determine LBR and the CDC for years 2016 and 2017 to identify PGT usage. Primary cycles included only the first embryo transfer within 1 year of an oocyte retrieval; subsequent cycles included transfers occurring after the first transfer or beyond 1 year of oocyte retrieval. Results In the SART data, the number of primary PGT cycles showed a significant monotonic annual increase from 18,805 in 2014 to 54,442 in 2017 (P = 0.042) and subsequent PGT cycles in these years increased from 2946 to 14,361 (P = 0.01). There was a significant difference in primary PGT cycle use by age, where younger women had a greater percentage of PGT treatment cycles than older women. In both PGT and non-PGT cycles, the LBR per oocyte retrieval decreased significantly from 2014 to 2017 (P<0001) and younger women had a significantly higher LBR per oocyte retrieval compared to older women (P < 0.001). The CDC data revealed that in 2016, just 53 (11.4%) clinics used PGT for more than 50% of their cycles, which increased to 99 (21.4%) clinics in 2017 (P< 0.001). Conclusions A growing number of US clinics are offering PGT to their patients. These findings support re-evaluation of the application for PGT.

scholarly journals All in this together? Austerity and the gender-age gap in the 2015 and 2017 British general elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sanders ◽  
Rosalind Shorrocks
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact

The 2010–2015 Conservative-led Coalition’s austerity policies hit women financially harder than men. However, contrary to expectations at the time, the Conservatives still gained more support from women than men on average in the 2015 general election. We examine the impact of austerity on vote choice in the 2015 and 2017 general elections through analysis of Labour and Conservative economic policy in conjunction with data from the British Election Study’s face-to-face post-election surveys. The expectation that women should be particularly anti-austerity and thus less supportive of the Conservative Party does hold for younger women, who were especially pessimistic relative to their male peers and older age groups about their living costs, household finances, the economy, and the National Health Service in both elections. However, this does not hold for older women, who were protected by the Coalition’s policies on pensions and were more similar to men in their assessment of their economic situation.

scholarly journals Can traditional games be an option in increasing the physical activity of women following mastectomy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bronikowska ◽  
Michał Bronikowski ◽  
Agata Glapa ◽  
Bartosz Prabucki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Ring Net

SummaryStudy aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86).Material and methods: PA was assessed using a questionnaire, and the number of steps taking during 30-minute periods was measured using pedometers during each of the games. Exertion was evaluated using Borg’s Scale.Results: there was no difference in levels of coherence between the age groups. The group of younger women were statistically more active (M = 3.34 days/week) than the older group (M = 2.77 days/week). All the games were evaluated to be of light intensity, with ringo perceived as being statistically more fatiguing in the over 50 age group. The highest number of steps was performed during the game of ring-net-ball (M = 1903 steps/30 min) in both age groups, with older women performing statistically more steps. Similar situations were observed in the cases of pétanque and speedminton. In ringo, the situation was reversed. The lowest number of steps was recorded in pétanque in the younger age group (M = 296 steps/30 min).Conclusion: this study indicates that in the rehabilitation and recovery process after mastectomy, traditional games could be a bridging link between exercising and sports as they provide not just activity but also a unique and valuable social context.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Health Education Given To Prevent Back Pain In Women: Pre- And Post-Test Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Olubunmi Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Training Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Mean Differences

Back pain is a common symptom that affects all age groups across the globe, when left untreated may eventually lead to disability. A convenient sample selection method was used in this study due to the global Covid-19 pandemic lockdown which was effective in Turkey during the investigation period. Thus, virtual data collection and health education including some health risks were employed. A total population of two hundred adult women was involved in the study but one hundred and twenty-one responses were collected. Findings show that, for socio-demographic characteristics, the pain was found highest in women between the ages of 41-50 and obese/overweight individuals. Although, there was no significant difference recorded in the marital status category. Moreover, statistical mean differences were detected between the scales for ODI (4.18) and BPFS (6.09). Also, p&lt;0.05, paired sample t-test was 0.001 ODI and 0.001 BPFS after the training exercise. This suggests that exercise training is inversely correlated with pain severity which implies that training has a significant influence on pain intensity. Thus, it could be concluded that there is a relationship between the training exercise and ODI/BPFS.

scholarly journals Association of Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed H. Mahallawi ◽  
Ali Dakhilallah Alsamiri ◽  
Alaa Faisal Dabbour ◽  
Hamdah Alsaeedi ◽  
Abdulmohsen H. Al-Zalabani
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health emergency. Age and sex are two important factors associated with risks and outcomes of various diseases. COVID-19 morbidity also seems to be affected by patient age and sex. It has been found that older age groups have more severe COVID-19 symptoms and higher fatality rates while children tend to have lower prevalence and milder symptoms than adults.Methods: The study reviewed electronic medical records of COVID-19 patients from Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. The study included all cases who tested positive (n = 3,006) between March 20 and May 22, 2020. Data were obtained from the Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN) database.Results: Approximately 80% of the study sample were males and half were in the 30–40-year-old age group. The Ct value of the whole sample ranged from 15.08 to 35, with a mean of 27.44 (SD: 5.23; 95% C.I. = 27.25–27.66). The means of Ct values varied between age groups from 27.05 to 27.82. Analysis of the mean differences between age groups using one-way ANOVA indicated no statistically significant difference among the groups (F6,2999 = 1.63; p-value = 0.135). A comparison of mean Ct values of males (n = 2,422) and females (n = 584) revealed that males had a statistically significant higher mean Ct value (27.61 ± 5.20) than females (26.72 ± 5.31). The difference between the means of the two groups was −0.89 (95% C.I. = −1.36 to −0.42; t-test −3.71; df = 3,004; p-value &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The study found no statistically significant difference in viral loads between age groups. It showed that females had a higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load compared to males. The findings have implications for preventive strategies. Further studies are needed to correlate viral load with clinical symptoms and outcomes.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF HEALTH LITERACY AMONG IRAQI WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Zena Mudhfar Al-nema
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Source Of Information

 Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the health knowledge of women of different age groups. To evaluate different methods for developing health literacy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2016 in Baghdad, Iraq. All candidates were females, age ≥18 years, neither medical staff nor medical students.The sample was divided into two groups: Group A: Females aged18–45 years, Group B: Females aged >45 years. A comparison between the two groups regarding their health literacy and the source of information was made.Results: The final sample included 213 women, of them, there were 107≤45 years (Group A) and 106>45 years (Group B) women. Significant difference was found between both groups regarding the knowledge about the prevention of cholera where the accurate answers were 46.7% in Group A versus 80.1% in Group B. The main source of information for both groups was the personal experience. However, internet was used more (42%) by the younger women (Group A), and television was used more (52.8%) by the older women (Group B).Conclusion: Young women had a better literacy on common medical problems, but the old showed overall limited health literacy. Pharmacists, physicians, and activities of the Ministry of Health played an impotent role in health literacy in the old women. 

scholarly journals Pelvic inflammatory disease and causative pathogens in older women in a medical center in eastern Taiwan: A retrospective cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257627
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Chen ◽  
Pei-Chen Li ◽  
Dah-Ching Ding
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Younger Women

Objectives Most research into the management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is in younger women and focuses on sexually transmitted pathogens such as N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis. Non-sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and PID in older women are rarely examined. The objective of this study is to explore cervical culture pathogens in women of different age groups in a medical center in eastern Taiwan. Methods We enrolled patients whose medical records were diagnosed with PID (ICD-9-CM 614.0 [N70.01–03], 614.1[N70.11–13], 614.9 [N73.5, N73.9]) at our hospital from October 2014 to March 2020. Patients were divided into three groups according to age: the age <25 years, age 25–44 years, and the ≥ 45 years group. Chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. In subgroup analysis, endocervical pathogens were further stratified into vaginal, respiratory, enteric, skin, oral, and other. Results A total of 96 patients were included in the study. There were 31 patients in the age ≥ 45 years group, 52 patients in the age 25–44 years group, and 13 patients in the age <25 years group. Vagina and enteric pathogens were the most common pathogens among all groups. The isolated respiratory and other pathogens were more in the age ≥ 45 years group than in the other two groups. Prevotella bivia was more common in the age <25 years and 25–44 years groups. Conclusions This may be due to different pathogeneses of PID in the age ≥ 45 years patients. Our study can be used as a reference for antibiotic choice of non-sexually transmitted PID and to prevent long-term sequelae of PID.

scholarly journals Measuring IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 profiles in women seeking assisted reproduction; relationship to ovarian reserve parameters, namely AFC and AMH (study 2).

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 035-054
Author(s):  
John L Yovich ◽  
Syeda Zaidi ◽  
Minh DK Nguyen ◽  
Peter M Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Igfbp 3

This is the second of five studies undertaken on women preparing for assisted reproduction, to sequentially examine the relevance of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) profile (IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and the IGFBP-3/ IGF-1 ratio) which, in children, provides the essential criteria to identify the GH-deficient individual. Whilst our first, published study, focussed on clinical parameters, this study examines its relevance to the two parameters which define the ovarian reserve. The first, that of the antral follicle count (AFC), shows highly significant, sequential changes across 4 age groups ranging from high counts in the younger women <35 years and low counts in the older women, namely those aged 35-39 years, those aged 40-44 years and those aged ≥45 years (p<0.0001). Similarly, the serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), a later introduced marker of ovarian reserve, also showed highly significant sequential changes across the 4 age groups with high levels recorded in the young women and low counts in the older women (p<0.0001). At the higher AFC range, concordance between AFC groups and AMH groups was high at r=0.79 for precise matching and r=0.95 when neighbouring groups were included. The correlation was also clear with inter-quartile AMH levels ranging 27 pmol/L to 50 pmol/L across the higher AFC groups and 8 pmol/L to 10 pmol/L in the lowest groupings. However, IGF profiles showed no significant variations across the entire range, neither for the AFC nor for the AMH groups. Our next study will report on the relevance of the IGF profile to clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hur Hassoy ◽  
Isil Ergin ◽  
Gorkem Yararbas
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequalities

Abstract Background Smoking inequalities in Turkey were previously demonstrated in an early stage of the smoking epidemic model. This paper aimed to assess the trends for socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey over the years in the context of the smoking epidemic model using data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Turkey 2008–2012-2016. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed to calculate the association of smoking with, wealth, education, occupation and place of residence using age-standardized prevalence rates, odds ratios, relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII). The analysis was performed separately for age groups (younger: 20–39 years/older: 40 and above years) and sex. Results Younger women with higher wealth and older women with higher wealth and education smoked more. For both age groups, smoking was increased for working class and urban women. Relative wealth inequalities in smoking narrowed and then showed a reversal for younger women (RII2008 = 3.37; 95% CI:1.64–3.40; RII2012 = 2.19; 95% CI:1.48–3.24; RII2016 = 0.80; 95% CI:0.58–1.10, p-for trend < 0.0001). Relative educational inequalities in smoking for older women also showed a narrowing (RII2008 = 21.45; 95% CI:11.74–39.19; RII2012 = 15.25; 95% CI:9.10–25.55; and RII2016 = 5.48; 95% CI:3.86–7.78, p-for trend < 0.0001). For older women, a similar narrowing was observed for wealth (RII2008 = 3.94; 95% CI:2.38–6.53; RII2012 = 2.79; 95% CI:1.80–4.32; and RII2016 = 1.34; 95% CI:0.94–1.91, p-for trend = 0.0001). The only significant trend for absolute inequalities was for younger women by wealth. This trend showed a narrowing and then a reversal (SII2008 = 0.14; 95% CI:0.09–1.20; SII2012 = 0.12; 95% CI:0.06–0.18; and SII2016 = -0.05; 95% CI:-0.12–0.02, p-for trend = 0.0001). Unlike women, smoking in men showed inverse associations for wealth and education, although not statistically confirmed for all years. Smoking was increased in working classes and unemployed men in 2012 and 2016. Inequalities did not show a trend in relative and absolute terms for men. Conclusions For smoking inequalities in Turkey, a transition to the next stage was observed, although the previously defined Southern European pattern also existed. Low socioeconomic women deserve special attention as well as stressors at work and drivers of smoking at urban settings.

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