Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in Older Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois J. Matthews ◽  
Fu-Shing Lee ◽  
John H. Mills ◽  
Judy R. Dubno
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Most measures of auditory sensitivity at extended high frequencies (frequencies greater than 8 kHz) have been obtained from listeners with normal hearing less than 40 years of age. The purpose of this study was (a) to measure thresholds at frequencies above 8 kHz in older listeners who, as a group, have elevated thresholds at lower frequencies, and (b) to assess test-retest reliability, age and gender effects, and the influence of thresholds below 8 kHz. Extended high-frequency (EHF) thresholds were measured for 162 older listeners (60–79 years) using a commercially available high-frequency audiometer, with a frequency range of 8 to 18 kHz and an intensity range of 0 to 110 dB SPL. Thresholds were measured once at the beginning of a 1- to 2-hour test session and then remeasured at the end of the test session. EHF thresholds of older listeners with normal hearing at conventional audiometric frequencies were substantially higher than the thresholds reported for younger listeners with normal hearing by Dreschler and van der Hulst (1987). EHF thresholds of older listeners with hearing loss at conventional audiometric frequencies were further elevated as compared to older listeners with normal hearing. Differences in EHF thresholds between females and males were either not present or were reduced when gender differences in conventional audiometric thresholds were taken into account. No significant differences were seen in thresholds at 8 kHz and higher between the 60- to 69- and 70- to 79-year-old age groups. Results also indicated that thresholds above 8 kHz can be measured in older listeners within a clinically acceptable ±10 dB test-retest range.

Effect of Warnings in Advertising on Adolescents' Perceptions of Risk for Alcohol Consumption

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 974-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kimberly Bohannon ◽  
Stephen L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Alcohol Advertising ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Two Age Groups

The present study examined the effect of warning labels in alcohol advertising on the perception of risk for alcohol consumption. Under incidental conditions, subjects from two age groups, young (M = 13.6 years) and older (M = 23.3 years), examined a collection of magazine ads. Three of the ads in the booklet were for alcoholic beverages and these were either accompanied by a warning or the warning was absent. When present, the warnings were manipulated by the orthogonal combination of text voice (2nd vs. 3rd person) and pictorial (presence vs. absence) in a between-subjects design. A fifth condition served as the no-warning control. After examining the magazine ads, subjects answered a questionnaire which assessed several dimensions related to the ads: number and type of ads, attractiveness of the ads, and number and type of warnings in the ads. Examination of the questions dealing with the risk of alcohol consumption indicated that adolescents rated their own risk lower than the risk to adolescents in general, but that this bias in risk ratings was not evident when warnings were present. There were also several other age and gender effects. While no individual warning manipulation was found to be consistently superior to another, the results suggest that warnings can be effective in producing proper estimations of risk in different age populations.

scholarly journals Absence of age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics of a single 500-milligram oral dose of levofloxacin in healthy subjects.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1562-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Chien ◽  
A T Chow ◽  
J Natarajan ◽  
R R Williams ◽  
F A Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
And Gender

The influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in healthy subjects receiving a single oral 500-mg dose of levofloxacin was investigated in this parallel design study. Six young males (aged 18 to 40 years), six elderly males (aged > or = 65 years), six young females (aged 18 to 40 years), and six elderly females (aged > or = 65 years) were enrolled and completed the study. The study reveals that the bioavailability (rate and extent) of levofloxacin was not affected by either age or gender. In both age (young and elderly) and gender (male and female) groups of subjects, peak concentrations in plasma were reached at approximately 1.5 h after dosing; renal clearance of levofloxacin accounted for approximately 77% of total body clearance, and approximately 76% of the administered dose was recovered unchanged in urine over the 36 h of collection. The apparent differences in the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters for levofloxacin between the age groups (young versus elderly) and between the gender groups (males versus females) could be explained by differences in renal function among the subjects. A single dose of 500 mg of levofloxacin administered orally to both young and old, male and female healthy subjects was found to be safe and well tolerated. As the differences in levofloxacin kinetics between the young and the elderly or the males and the females are limited and are mainly related to the renal function of the subjects, dose adjustment based on age or gender alone is not necessary.

Prevalence of Medical Conditions Among Patients Attending Dental Teaching Clinics in Northern Jordan

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Saleh Khader ◽  
Oula Alsaeed ◽  
Samar Zaal Burgan ◽  
Zouhair Odeh Amarin
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Dental Procedure ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teaching Clinics ◽  
Northern Jordan

Abstract Aim This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of self reported medical conditions among dental patients attending dental teaching clinics in north Jordan. Methods and Materials A total of 1,509 patients were included, of which 46.1% were males and 53.9% were females. All age groups were included and ranged between 14 and 78 years. The findings were analyzed in relation to age and gender. Results Overall, gastrointestinal disease was most prevalent (11.9%), followed by bleeding tendencies (9.3%), renal disorders (8.7%), respiratory disease (8.3%), and hypertension (6.4%). Only 3.2% of the participants reported having antibiotics prescribed for them prior to a dental procedure for prophylactic purposes. Conclusion Due to the high frequency of medical conditions, thorough evaluation of patients’ medical and dental care histories should be a mandatory first step in their management. Citation Khader YS, Alsaeed O, Burgan SZ, Amarin ZO. Prevalence of Medical Conditions Among Patients Attending Dental Teaching Clinics in Northern Jordan. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:060-067.

Are psychophysical functions derived from line bisection reliable?

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER A. PIERCE ◽  
GEORGE JEWELL ◽  
MARK MENNEMEIER
Keyword(s):  
Line Bisection ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Normal Perception ◽  
Over Time

Psychophysical functions are used to characterize both normal perception and altered perception among patients with neglect, yet the reliability of these functions is rarely examined. The present study examined two-week, test-retest reliability for power functions derived from line bisection data among 58 normal, young and old, male and female subjects. Power function exponents and constants were, at best, moderately reliable over time. The size of the exponent tended to decrease at retesting. Reliability coefficients varied by age and gender; they were highly significant for young men, marginally significant for older men, and non-significant for women. Race influenced reliability as coefficients were significant for Caucasian subjects but not for African American subjects. Age and gender effects in this study parallel those in the literature on pseudoneglect, and they may reflect hemispheric differences in visuo-spatial processing, magnitude estimation, or both. (JINS, 2003, 9, 72–78.)

scholarly journals Colour Preferences of Elastic Ligatures among Orthodontic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljazi H Aljabaa ◽  
Khalid AlMoammar ◽  
Ghada Al-Kharboush ◽  
Rana M Al-Dayel ◽  
Nouf S Alsaloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Colour Preferences ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Elastic modules are an integral part of fixed appliances. The availability of different colours is important to patients and their compliance during treatment. Knowledge about the most popular colours is important to orthodontists when ordering their materials. Aim: This study aimed to determine the elastic ligature colour preferences of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and the influences of age and gender on these preferences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on a total of 319 patients (88 males and 231 females) aged 18-36 years of age participated in this study. The patients’ elastic ligature colour preferences were recoded using a colour guide and a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the patients’ preferences regarding coloured or transparent ligatures, light or dark shades, and changing the ligatures for specific occasions. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The descriptive statistics were calculated, and a Pearson’s chi-squared analysis was performed to determine the influence of age and gender effects on colour preferences (p-value <0.05). Results: Most of the participants were excited about changing their elastic ligatures colours (44.5%), and they liked to change the colours at each visit (45.5%). Most participants did not like having multicoloured elastic ligatures in their mouths (77.4%) or changing the elastic colours before certain occasions (49.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the elastic ligature colour preferences between the genders (p-value=0.0552), but there were statistically significant differences among the age groups (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances preferred less noticeable elastic ligature colours. A significant difference was found between age groups: younger patients preferred coloured elastics, while older patients preferred less noticeable and transparent elastics. No difference was found between the colour preferences among both the gender.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Children’s Lives and Deaths in Merovingian Gaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
Émilie Perez
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Method ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Grave Goods

The role of children in Merovingian society has long been downplayed, and the study of their graves and bones has long been neglected. However, during the past fifteen years, archaeologists have shown growing interest in the place of children in Merovingian society. Nonetheless, this research has not been without challenges linked to the nature of the biological and material remains. Recent analysis of 315 children’s graves from four Merovingian cemeteries in northern Gaul (sixth to seventh centuries) allows us to understand the modalities of burial ritual for children. A new method for classifying children into social age groups shows that the type, quality, quantity, and diversity of grave goods were directly correlated with the age of the deceased. They increased from the age of eight and particularly around the time of puberty. This study discusses the role of age and gender in the construction and expression of social identity during childhood in the Merovingian period.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

scholarly journals Exploring Impact of Age and Gender on Sentiment Analysis Using Machine Learning

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Kumar ◽  
Monika Gahalawat ◽  
Partha Pratim Roy ◽  
Debi Prosad Dogra ◽  
Byung-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Sentiment analysis is a rapidly growing field of research due to the explosive growth in digital information. In the modern world of artificial intelligence, sentiment analysis is one of the essential tools to extract emotion information from massive data. Sentiment analysis is applied to a variety of user data from customer reviews to social network posts. To the best of our knowledge, there is less work on sentiment analysis based on the categorization of users by demographics. Demographics play an important role in deciding the marketing strategies for different products. In this study, we explore the impact of age and gender in sentiment analysis, as this can help e-commerce retailers to market their products based on specific demographics. The dataset is created by collecting reviews on books from Facebook users by asking them to answer a questionnaire containing questions about their preferences in books, along with their age groups and gender information. Next, the paper analyzes the segmented data for sentiments based on each age group and gender. Finally, sentiment analysis is done using different Machine Learning (ML) approaches including maximum entropy, support vector machine, convolutional neural network, and long short term memory to study the impact of age and gender on user reviews. Experiments have been conducted to identify new insights into the effect of age and gender for sentiment analysis.

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