scholarly journals The connection between the dynamic remodeling of the mitochondrial network and the regulation of muscle mass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanina Romanello ◽  
Marco Sandri
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Mitochondrial Network ◽  
Dynamic Coordination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The dynamic coordination of processes controlling the quality of the mitochondrial network is crucial to maintain the function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Changes of mitochondrial proteolytic system, dynamics (fusion/fission), and mitophagy induce pathways that affect muscle mass and performance. When muscle mass is lost, the risk of disease onset and premature death is dramatically increased. For instance, poor quality of muscles correlates with the onset progression of several age-related disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and aging sarcopenia. To date, there are no drug therapies to reverse muscle loss, and exercise remains the best approach to improve mitochondrial health and to slow atrophy in several diseases. This review will describe the principal mechanisms that control mitochondrial quality and the pathways that link mitochondrial dysfunction to muscle mass regulation.

scholarly journals Physical activity in elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cvecka ◽  
Veronika Tirpakova ◽  
Milan Sedliak ◽  
Helmut Kern ◽  
Winfried Mayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is a multifactorial irreversible process associated with significant decline in muscle mass and neuromuscular functions. One of the most efficient methods to counteract age-related changes in muscle mass and function is physical exercise. An alternative effective intervention to improve muscle structure and performance is electrical stimulation. In the present work we present the positive effects of physical activity in elderly and a study where the effects of a 8-week period of functional electrical stimulation and strength training with proprioceptive stimulation in elderly are compared.

scholarly journals Interventions to improve the quality of cataract services: protocol for a global scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036413
Author(s):  
Miho Yoshizaki ◽  
Jacqueline Ramke ◽  
João M Furtado ◽  
Helen Burn ◽  
Stephen Gichuhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Full Text Review

IntroductionCataract is the leading cause of blindness globally and a major cause of vision impairment. Cataract surgery is an efficacious intervention that usually restores vision. Although it is one of the most commonly conducted surgical interventions worldwide, good quality services (from being detected with operable cataract to undergoing surgery and receiving postoperative care) are not universally accessible. Poor quality understandably reduces the willingness of people with operable cataract to undergo surgery. Therefore, it is critical to improve the quality of care to subsequently reduce vision loss from cataract. This scoping review aims to summarise the nature and extent of the published literature on interventions to improve the quality of services for primary age-related cataract globally.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for peer-reviewed manuscripts published since 1990, with no language, geographic or study design restrictions. To define quality, we have used the elements adopted by the WHO—effectiveness, safety, people-centredness, timeliness, equity, integration and efficiency—to which we have added the element of planetary health. We will exclude studies focused on the technical aspects of the surgical procedure and studies that only involve children (<18 years). Two reviewers will screen all titles/abstracts independently, followed by a full-text review of potentially relevant articles. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and quality-related outcomes will be extracted by two reviewers independently. Results will be synthesised narratively and presented visually using a spider chart.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not sought, as our review will only include published and publicly accessible information. We will publish our findings in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and develop an accessible summary of the results for website posting. A summary of the results will be included in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.Registration detailsOpen Science Framework (https://osf.io/8gktz).

scholarly journals The interaction between nutrition and exercise for promoting health and performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver C. Witard ◽  
Derek Ball
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance

The theme of The Nutrition Society Spring Conference 2017 was on the interaction between nutrition and exercise for promoting healthy ageing, maintaining cognitive function and improving the metabolic health of the population. The importance of this theme is highlighted by the public health issues surrounding obesity, diabetes and the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). The opening symposium provided a historical perspective of both invasive and non-invasive methodologies for measuring exercise energetics and energy balance. Data derived from these techniques underpin current understanding regarding the metabolic response to nutrition and exercise. Further symposia examined the importance of skeletal muscle for healthy ageing in older men and postmenopausal women. From a nutritional perspective, the potential for animal- v. plant-based protein sources to offset the age-related decline in muscle mass was discussed. The day concluded by discussing the link(s) between nutrition, exercise and brain function. Day 2 commenced with examples of applied equine research illustrating the link between nutrition/exercise and insulin resistance to those of a human model. The final symposium examined the combined role of nutrition and exercise in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. The overall conclusion from the meeting was that the interaction between diet and physical activity confers greater benefits to human health and performance than either component alone.

scholarly journals Variables Affecting the Retention Intentions of Students in Higher Education Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-382
Author(s):  
Matti Haverila ◽  
Kai Haverila ◽  
Caitlin McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
College Life ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between domestic and international students with regards to the variables affecting students’ retention intentions. Altogether, 15 variables related to retention intentions were examined and significant differences were found in six of these variables. Variables related to personal issues (e.g., medical or family difficulties) were of equal importance to both groups, while the importance of institution and performance-centric variables differed between the groups. Social integration, ineffective study skills, difficulty adjusting to college life, poor extracurricular activities, and poor housing arrangements were perceived to be significantly more important by international students, while poor quality of instruction was perceived to be significantly more important by domestic students. Thus, international and domestic students require different retention strategies on the part of the institution.

Krafttraining im Alter: Hintergründe, Ziele und Umsetzung

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older People ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Age Related

In recent decades, increasingly greying societies have been noticed in industrialized nations. The rise in medical care necessary to manage the health of this aging population will ensue huge financial burdens on the healthcare system. The increase of age-specific diseases, compounded by declines in neuromuscular performance constitute two key reasons for a rise in the medical care of older people. Current scientific knowledge reveals that a consequence of aging is the loss of muscle mass and thus, a decrease in maximum and explosive strength. The strength loss and impaired static and dynamic postural control collectively lead to the increased frequency of falls, often leading to serious ramifications which are further augmented by the loss of autonomy and a decline in quality of life. A combined strength and balance training program is to counteract age-related degradation processes and thereby maintain mobility, autonomy and quality of life ­longer. Humans are able to engage in physical training lifelong. An age-appropriate strength training protocol can counteract the loss of muscle mass and the reduction of both maximum and explosive strength. Likewise, research indicates that strength training elicits preventive and therapeutic effects on osteoporosis, diabetes type 2 and other chronic diseases. Training programs should predominantly counteract the physical deficits of older people. Reducing the risk of falling and maintaining autonomy as long as possible are imperative training goals. The literature suggests that autonomous people aged 65 to 97 can reduce the frequency of falls by a range of ­15–50% simply by executing strength and balance training regularly. These figures testify to the immense preventive potential of physical activity in older people.

Risk Factors for Poor Quality of Life among Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irini Chatziralli ◽  
Panagiotis Mitropoulos ◽  
Efstratios Parikakis ◽  
Dimitrios Niakas ◽  
Georgios Labiris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Reproductive Aging of African Catfish in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00110
Author(s):  
Vaselina Lyubomirova ◽  
Elena Romanova ◽  
Vasily Romanov ◽  
Ludmila Shadieva
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Selection Of

The work is devoted to the study of reproductive aging of African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The problem is urgent, because industrial aquaculture changes the biology of African catfish so much that it loses its ability to reproduce naturally. The offspring of African catfish can be obtained only with the use of hormonal inducers of gametogenesis. Questions of age selection of producers and age composition of breeding stock in this type of fish are still open. In practice, we have to face the facts of poor quality of sexual products in primary spawning or old females and males. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of age-related variability of reproductive properties of female and male African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The results of our study showed the presence of age-related dynamics in the quality of sexual products in African catfish. Age-dependent differences in the quality and fertilization of eggs, the viability of embryos and larvae, their size, and the quality of offspring were established. When studying the properties of sexual products in fish of different ages, differences in morphometric and physiological parameters were found for a complex of indicators such as the size and diameter of eggs, sperm concentration, and the number of viable spermatozoa. Evaluation of the influence of parents age on the viability of offspring in the embryonic and postembryonic periods revealed that this indicator is the lowest in first – spawning fish, and the highest in middle-aged fish. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-416-730005.

scholarly journals Advances in Screening, Early Diagnosis and Accurate Staging of Diabetic Neuropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josie Carmichael ◽  
Hassan Fadavi ◽  
Fukashi Ishibashi ◽  
Angela C. Shore ◽  
Mitra Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Care Costs

The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is among the most distressing and costly of all the chronic complications of diabetes and is a cause of significant disability and poor quality of life. This incurs a significant burden on health care costs and society, especially as these young people enter their peak working and earning capacity at the time when diabetes-related complications most often first occur. DPN is often asymptomatic during the early stages; however, once symptoms and overt deficits have developed, it cannot be reversed. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent the development and progression of diabetic neuropathy. The diagnosis of DPN, the determination of the global prevalence, and incidence rates of DPN remain challenging. The opinions vary about the effectiveness of the expansion of screenings to enable early diagnosis and treatment initiation before disease onset and progression. Although research has evolved over the years, DPN still represents an enormous burden for clinicians and health systems worldwide due to its difficult diagnosis, high costs related to treatment, and the multidisciplinary approach required for effective management. Therefore, there is an unmet need for reliable surrogate biomarkers to monitor the onset and progression of early neuropathic changes in DPN and facilitate drug discovery. In this review paper, the aim was to assess the currently available tests for DPN’s sensitivity and performance.

scholarly journals Aging, frailty, and design of built environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Crews
Keyword(s):  
Human Growth ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
And Performance

AbstractBefore developing agriculture, herding or metallurgy, humans occupied most of the world. Multiple socioculturally-based responses supported their migration, including building shelters and constructing niches to limit environmental stressors. Sheltered settings provided social support and security during stressful times, along with opportunities for injured, aging, and frail members to survive. Modern built environments are designed for similar purposes, to support human growth, development, reproduction, and maintenance. However, extended survival in modern settings has costs. With age, muscle (sarcopenia) and bone loss (osteopenia, osteoporosis), along with somatic, physiological, and sensory dysfunction, reduce our physical capabilities, increase our frailty, and impede our abilities to interface with built and natural environments and manufactured artifacts. Thereby, increasing our dependence on built environments to maintain autonomy and quality of life.What follows is a conceptual review of how frailty may limit seniors within modern built environments. It suggests age-related frailty among seniors provides specific data for those designing environments for accessibility to all users. It is based in human ecological theory, and physiological and gerontological research showing senescent alterations, including losses of muscle, bone, and sensory perceptions, produce a frail phenotype with increasing age limiting our mobility, activity, use of space, and physical abilities. As an individual phenotype, frailty leads to age-related physical and performance declines. As a physiological assessment, frailty indices amalgamate individual measures of functional abilities into a single score. Such frailty indices increase with age and differ betwixt individuals and across groups. To design built environments that improve access, usability, and safety for aging and frail citizens, today’s seniors provide living samples and evidence for determining their future abilities, limitations, and design needs. Designing built environments to accommodate and improve the quality of human-environment interactions for frail seniors will improve usability and accessibility for most user groups.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Potential Solutions for the Construction Industry in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Yutian Chen ◽  
Oswald Chong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scheduled Time ◽  
Developed Nations

The Chinese construction industry (CCI) has grown to be one of the largest in the world within the last 10 years. The size of the CCI is on par with many developed nations, despite it being a developing country. Despite its rapid growth, the productivity and profitability of the CCI is low compared to similar sized construction industries. In addition to the low efficiency of the CCI, the minimal documented performance information collected, shows projects being completed over budget, over the scheduled time, with poor quality of work. A literature research was performed on other developing countries similar to the CCI, to identify if there were any solutions that had been proven to improve the productivity and performance of a construction industry. It was found that Vietnam, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and India were the closest to China with enough documentation on their construction industry. Both countries identified the Best value Approach (BVA) as the only solution with documented performance showing it could solve the issues developing countries face with their construction industry. This paper proposes that more research should be performed looking into the ability of the CCI to implement the BVA.

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