scholarly journals The role of perceptual attitudes of managers in the cognition of employees of the organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 20009
Author(s):  
Alla Belousova ◽  
Galina Kozhukhar ◽  
Maria Vyshkvyrkina ◽  
Vladislav Ermak
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses the features of perceptual attitudes in the process of cognition of employees of the organization. Evaluation is understood as a manifestation of the evaluative component of thinking about another, and the perceptual attitude as a person's predisposition to perceive, act and evaluate the subject of interpersonal interaction in a certain way. The features of understanding evaluations in modern psychology are revealed, and the role of the evaluation component in thinking about another person is shown. The article presents socio-demographic professional factors that influence the formation of both employee and employee evaluations by the Manager. The main results of the study are described, indicating that the nature of self-esteem (overestimated or underestimated self-esteem) and the perceptual attitudes of the Manager determine the General trend of employee reflection. The identified trends and features of interpersonal cognition, the preservation of which is provided by setting mechanisms, reflect the attitude to individual qualities that managers have formed in the process of joint activities in terms of their significance for the implementation of the goals of the activity. However, changes in the goals of activities also lead to changes in the direction and nature of assessments from the outside.

The sense and the meaning of cultural-historical theory of L. S. Vygotsky

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Elena Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Projective Method ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Theory

L. S. Vygotsky’s principal idea, lying in the base of cultural-historical theory, is the primacy of sense over meaning. There are serious reasons to believe that this part of cultural-historical theory was not completely understood both by his disciples and his opponents. That’s why many Vygotsky’s conclusions and discoveries remained untapped. while others were implemented in science and practice quite di˙erently from what he suggested. Vygotsky once wrote that features of the particular science deeply related to its method. That’s why he introduced the experimental-genetic method (projective method in modern psychology), which allows modeling the processes of development. One of the basic concepts of cultural-historical theory is the concept of “cultural de-velopment”. A Cultural person, for Vygotsky, is the person, who can control not only their own behavior and actions but also their own psychic processes. On the one hand, modern psychology doesn’t deny the role of volition in child’s development. But on the other hand, the volition itself is typically understood as one’s ability to submit to laws and rules. More than that – it’s rather easy to create conditions where a person will submit to laws and rules, but it doesn’t develop his ability to control himself. In Vygotsky’s opinion, there are natural psychic functions, which in the process of learning transform into cultural ones. In this context, the main goal of learning is to create conditions for developing person’s ability to be the subject of his own behavior, activity and psychic.

The Salaries of Service Tatars in the 18th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
Zaytuna A. Tychinskikh
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
State Support ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military

State support was an important factor in the relations between the authorities and the serving population, including such a special category as the serving Tatars. This article discusses how the system of service Tatars came into life in the 18th century. Due to the poor knowledge of the subject, the question of salaries is one of the key elements in identifying the place and role of service Tatars in the system of military corporations in Siberia. The study has revealed that the changes in the salary system that took place during the 17th-18th centuries served as an indicator of the degree of incorporation of service Tatars into the structure of the military organization of the Russian state. Despite the general trend of the 18th century to the unification of the state support of irregular troops, the service Tatars retained their own hierarchy in the distribution of wages for a long time. The reason is to be found in the peculiarities of the management system and corporate isolation, determined by the confessional affiliation of the service Tatars. Another peculiarity was that the serving Tatars, unlike other categories of serving people, practically did not receive any bread allowance — it was replaced by “arable land”. In 1725 and 1737, staff schedules were introduced, which influenced both further unification of employees of various categories and the gradual equation in system of the allowance.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA SELF ESTEEM DENGAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI SEBAGAI PERAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA PADA IBU BERHENTI BEKERJA DI JAKARTA

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuke Riana Devi ◽  
Endang Fourianalistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>Mother stopped working, and chose to become a housewife as may be necessary to adjust themselves well, such as nurturing and caring for the child, completing household chores well, and socialize with the environment around the house. Adjustment is done well will be associated with the formation of a good self esteem. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem with the adjustment to the role of a housewife mother stopped working in Jakarta. The sampling technique in this research using accidental sampling technique by taking the subject as much as 70 housewives in Jakarta. Data analysis techniques used in this study is the Pearson Product Moment Correlation technique. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between self-esteem with the adjustment to the role of a housewife mother stopped working in Jakarta, (r = 0.608, p = 0.000). It can be said that the higher the mother's self-esteem, the better the ability to adjust himself to be a housewife. Conversely, the lower the mother's self-esteem, the worse the ability to adjust himself to be a housewife.</em><br /> <br /> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Self Esteem, Adjustment, Housewife, Mother Stopped Working</em></p>

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF PERSONALITY OF ADOLESCENTS IN CONDITIONS OF PRE-PROFILE TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhela Kharchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Artistic Image

The article presents the results of an empirical study that highlights the psychological peculiarities of personality of adolescents in conditions of pre-professional training. It is implemented in grades 8-9 with the aim of professional orientation of pupils, assistance of their choice of the direction of profile education in high school. It is established that adolescents who study in classes with in-depth study of various subjects, have original personality peculiarities. They are manifested in personality traits, self-esteem, levels of demands, personal orientation and professional inclinations. Pupils of mathematical class, unlike pupils of humanitarian class, are more practical, persistent, balanced, prone to analysis and intellectual processing of information, have a developed sense of duty, but they are more anxious. In interpersonal communication they are more closed; they are more likely to have difficulties while establishing direct contact. Pupils of humanitarian class, comparing with pupils of mathematical class, are characterized with greater flexibility, sociability, but less emotional stability. They are cheerful, expressive, have more developed aesthetic interests. They are less likely to be dissatisfied with themselves and to self-flagellation. Most pupils of the mathematical class have a higher level of demands than the level of self-esteem. In the humanitarian class the opposite trend is observed: self-esteem of most pupils is higher than the level of their demands. Humanitarian pupils are characterized with the need to communicate, the desire to maintain good relations with peers. They show a lasting interest in joint activities. Pupils who study at mathematical class have a more developed interest in the work process; they are less focused on interaction, but tend to perform tasks independently. The inclinations towards the types of professions of mathematical and humanitarian class pupils are mostly related to the educational profile. The interests of most adolescents of the mathematical class located in the area of calculations, accurate calculations, functioning of mechanisms and devices. The most optimal types of professions for them were «Person-sign system» and «Person -technique». Pupils of the humanitarian class differ from pupils of mathematical one in the desire for sophistication, creativity, direct interpersonal interaction. The types of professions that suit their interests best are «Person-person», «Person-artistic image», «Person-nature». The main directions of the psychologist’s work with adolescents in the conditions of pre-professional training are outlined. The prospect of further research is highlighted, namely the development of a program of psychological support of the personality of adolescents and test of its effectiveness in conditions of pre-professional training.

scholarly journals SUBJECT IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: SYNERGETIC METHODOLOGY OF THE ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plyushch
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Subject

In the article synergetic consideration of the subject’s nature, based on the principles of self-organization of highly organized systems is proposed. On the basis of analysis of scientific literature three types of scientific cognition are distinguished, which differ from each other by approaches to the understanding of integrity of researched object, to the role of environment, in which object functions and to the possible positions of researcher toward the object of research. These types of cognition correspond to three types of organization of integrity: a mechanism, a system, and a text. Type of scientific rationality, used by researcher, determines the complexity of constructed theoretical model of the subject. Functioning of vital activities of the subject is possible in three dimensions: holistic physical world, systematic aggregate of social spaces and text of vital activities, which is (re)constructed by subject during his life. These dimensions correspond to the next models of inner organization of subject: holistic subject, management system for his vital activities, self-organization of the text of discourse, which determines the life goals of subject. Synergetic consideration of the nature of subject leads to integrative analysis of subject as an autonomous integrity, a part of social spaces and a tool of self-organization of vital activities’ text. Likeness of structure of inner subject’s organization let to researcher on the basis of studying of separate fragments of vital activities of the subject to reconstruct the holistic model of subject.

Wpływ kształcenia muzycznego na rozwój właściwości osobowościowych i zachowań prospołecznych ucznia

2018 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Halina Zwiercan
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Skills

The subject matter is characterized by showing how learning to play an instrument builds the self-esteem of students. The development of appropriate prosocial behavior, associated with performances at concerts and competitions, is also presented. Then the author describes the impact of playing in a band to feel empathy and development of interaction skills. At the end there is an analysis of the educational role of music classes, conducted in the form of team games using balls.

scholarly journals Examining Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Moderated Mediated Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-287
Author(s):  
Adnan Riaz ◽  
Saira Mahmood ◽  
Javeria Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Despite various attempts to know the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), the findings are inconsistent and offer a varying degree of associations. The present study examines the underlying mechanism by hypothesizing impression management (IM) as a mediator to address the element of equivocality in the subject matter. Furthermore, it tests the moderating role of self-esteem (SE) on the impression management to counterproductive work behavior relationship. A representative sample of 398 employees was collected from different organizations of Pakistan. The results confirmed the intervening role of impression management between emotional intelligence and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, the employees high on self-esteem showed lesser tendencies to involve in counterproductive work behavior. Theoretical and practical implications have also been discussed.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Social and Temporal Comparisons as Moderators of Psychological Resources Associations With Wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasida Ben-Zur
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
General Wellbeing

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

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