scholarly journals Cryptocurrency as a factor for National Payment System Improvement in the process of Economy’s digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 06044
Author(s):  
Oksana Sorokina ◽  
Egor Dudukalov ◽  
Liudmila Guzikova ◽  
Denis Ushakov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
National Bank ◽  
System Improvement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Research develops the modern theory and methodology of cryptocurrency functioning as an integral part of modern money circulation, and the main directions of cryptocurrency progress as means of legal payment in the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the econometric model of the cryptocurrency main indicators influence the relationship between “bitcoin” attributes was assessed; the probable scenarios for the financial regulation system of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) effectivization based on the National Bank or special financial institutions competences were highlighted; the practical recommendations aimed at combating money laundering in cryptocurrency-based transactions have been developed from the position of priority for Indonesian payment system modernization.

scholarly journals The improvement of statutory and legal regulation of payment system of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
B. B. Amangozhayeva ◽  
S. S. Abdíldín ◽  
Sh. D. Kydyrbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Modern Technologies

The development of payment systems implies continuous improvement, updating and updating for all their components. This article discusses the issues of functioning, regulatory regulation and further transformation of the payment systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account modern realities. The main legislative acts, regulatory documents and requirements regulating the activity of the payment market are considered. The national payment system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is in contact with all aspects of the economic activity of the state, is today a strategically important channel that makes it possible to conduct clear and high-quality financial transactions. Currently, the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market are taking measures to implement the program for the development of the national payment system until 2025. The program is implemented to address the issues of combating the shadow economy and increasing the share of non-cash payments. The lag in the development and improvement of payment systems leads to the destabilization of the financial sector and reduces the competitiveness of the national economy. This determines the demand for quicker payment processing, expansion of non-cash payments, the introduction of modern technologies and methods of information transfer, increase the security of information systems, to ensure effective and reliable service to all participants. At the same time, the main stages and key tasks of the implementation of the program for the development of the national payment system of the Republic of Kazakhstan are analyzed.

scholarly journals The Use Of Payment Cards In Kazakhstan: Analysis And Forecast

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
A. A. Kredina ◽  
O. V. Koshkina ◽  
László Vasa
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
The World ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monetary Circulation ◽  
Over Time

The aim of the study is to analyze and forecast the use of payment cards for making non-cash payments through national payment systems in Kazakhstan. Based on this goal, a hypothesis was put forward that in Kazakhstan, there is a relationship between the number of payment cards and the volume of non-cash payments. This hypothesis was confirmed because of the study. The information base of the study was the data on payment cards, which were taken from the Statistical Bulletin of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Hypothesis testing was carried out using correlation analysis for three periods: 2009, 2016, 2020. The method of finding Pearson’s correlation in the SPSS program was used. The results showed a downward change in the relationship between the selected indicators and the amount of funds transferred over time. Also, in this study, a forecast was made for 2021-2023 for the indicators under consideration. To make a forecast for the indicators under consideration, a graphical method (polynomial trend line) was used. The resulting forecast shows the growth of cardholders and, consequently, the spread of the number of payment cards among the population in 2021-2023. The practical significance of this study is that the proposed methodology can help predict the dynamics of payment cards in any country in the world. Recommendations are also given for further improving the financial system, since increasing the transparency of monetary circulation in small-and-medium sized businesses will lead to a positive result in the implementation of the program for universal declaration of income in 2025.

QUARTERLY FORECASTS OF NON-CASH TURNOVER IN POLAND FOR THE YEARS 2020 - 2022

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Witold Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Cash Transaction ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Rich Countries

The dynamic increase in non-cash transactions is a global trend in payments. In rich countries, cashless transactions have been dynamically replacing cash. The fact that non-cash transactions are pro-ecological is worth noting. This means that it is conducive to sustainable development of a country's economy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of changes in non-cash payments in Poland, against the background of payment card use for ATM cash withdrawals. The tool used to analyze the potential process of cash transaction erosion caused by non-cash payments is a two-equation econometric model with feedback. For this purpose, statistical data, obtained from the National Bank of Poland was used. Accordingly, clarification is expected regarding the question of whether the Polish payment system is heading towards a dominance of cashless transactions or not. The reaction, in the form of changes in the value of non-cash payment card transactions in Poland, affected by the increase in the wealth of citizens, measured by an increase in the average pay, was examined. The modeling results were used to estimate forecasts of the share of non-cash transactions in the total value of market transactions and of the share of ATM cash withdrawals in the total value of transactions.

scholarly journals Problemy formirovaniia platezhnoi sistemy i obespecheniia ee bezopasnosti

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Anatolevna Malanina
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Payment System ◽  
The State ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

Security and productivity of the payment system are the most important factors in ensuring the economic security of the state. Payment systems of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan are characterized by high efficiency indicators, but the predominance of card products of foreign payment systems in the retail payment market creates potential threats to the financial independence of the state. The experience of the formation and development of the National Payment System of the Russian Federation can be useful for making decisions on overcoming threats to the financial security of the national economy.

Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroun

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-653
Author(s):  
Valerie Muguoh Chiatoh
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Third World ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Present Issue ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

African states and institutions believe that the principle of territorial integrity is applicable to sub-state groups and limits their right to self-determination, contrary to international law. The Anglophone Problem in Cameroon has been an ever-present issue of social, political and economic debates in the country, albeit most times in undertones. This changed as the problem metamorphosed into an otherwise preventable devastating armed conflict with external self-determination having become very popular among the Anglophone People. This situation brings to light the drawbacks of irregular decolonisation, third world colonialism and especially the relationship between self-determination and territorial integrity in Africa.

Looking my (enemy?) in the eyes: An eye-tracking study of simulated virtual intergroup contact

2021 ◽  
pp. 175063522110134
Author(s):  
Nili Steinfeld ◽  
Ohad Shaked
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Contact Effect ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This study addresses questions of access and agency as they come into play in intergroup contact. In such a context, access to information about the outgroup and conflict, as well as active agency in the form of engagement in intergroup discussions about the conflict, group identity, goals and compromises, are often a function of the intensity and effect of the contact. Although intergroup contact has been proven to be efficient in reducing stereotypes and advancing mutual understanding, these effects are inconsistent. The authors introduce eye tracking as a method for assessing participant engagement and attention as predictors of the contact effect on participants. They examine this approach through the use of simulated virtual contact, an innovative method which allows citizens direct access to information about and from the outgroup, and emphasizes participant agency by increasing participant control over the session. Israeli students participated in a simulated virtual contact with a Palestinian while their ocular behaviour was recorded. Anger and hatred toward Palestinians decreased after the session. Perception of Palestinian trustworthiness and ability to change increased. Desire to access information about Palestinians, changes in the belief of Palestinian ability to change, acknowledgment of a shared identity and support for compromises all correlated with visual attention to the speaker, leading to reflections on the relationship between attention and contact intensity and effect. Practical recommendations for promoting participant attention and possibly increasing contact effect are discussed, and the article concludes with a general theoretical discussion on the use of eye tracking for measuring contact intensity and designing better contact experiences.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Tree-Ring Growths of Pinus densiflora and Climate from Three Mountains in Central Region, the Republic of Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Chang-Hyun Park ◽  
Ui-Cheon Lee ◽  
Soo-Chul Kim ◽  
Kwang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

To analyze the relationship between climatic factors (monthly mean temperature and total precipitation) and tree-ring growths of Pinus densiflora from the central region of the Republic of Korea, more than 20 trees were sampled from three national parks. The tree-ring chronology of Mt. Bukhan covering the period of 1917–2016 was assessed, as well as that of Mt. Seorak across 1687–2017 and Mt. Worak across 1777–2017. After cross-dating, each ring-width series was double-standardized by first fitting a logarithmic curve and then a 50 year cubic spline. Climate-growth relationships were computed with bootstrap correlation functions. The result of the analysis showed a positive response from the current March temperature and May precipitations for tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora. It indicates that a higher temperature supply during early spring season and precipitation during cambium activity are important for radial growths of Pinus densiflora from the central region in the Republic of Korea.

Investigating the Relationship between Company Competitiveness and Environmental Regulation in European Food Processing: Results of a Matched Firm Comparison

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M W N Hitchens ◽  
J E Birnie ◽  
A McGowan ◽  
U Triebswetter ◽  
A Cottica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regulation Costs

The authors use a method of matched-plant comparisons between food processing firms in Germany, Italy, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland to investigate the relationship between environmental regulation and company competitiveness across the European Union. Comparative competitiveness was indicated by measures of value-added per employee, physical productivity, export share, and employment growth. The cost of water supply (public or well), effluent treatment (in-plant treatment and/or sewerage system), and disposal of sludge and packaging were also compared. Total environmental costs in Germany, Italy, and Ireland were small: usually less than 1% of turnover. Compared with the Irish firms, German companies had relatively high environmental costs as well as productivity levels. There was, however, a lack of a clear relationship between company competitiveness and the size of regulation costs: in Ireland and Italy environmental costs were similar but German firms had much higher productivity; compared with German counterparts, Italian firms had lower environmental costs but higher productivity.

Integration of the Tatar communityto Azerbaijani society

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (08) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Эллада Амирага гызы Аббасова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

The development of international cooperation in the field of culture is extremely important, since it ensures wide and in-depth interaction between states and peoples, makes a real opportunity for dialogue, unites the cultures of the peoples of the world. Two fraternal countries have actively taken root in international cultural exchange; Azerbaijan and Tatarstan. Azerbaijan is a multicultural country that is home to many peoples and ethnic minorities. Representatives of the peoples inhabiting this region are full citizens of the Republic of Azerbaijan, including the Tatars. The radical transformations that befell these countries at the end of the twentieth century influenced future events and their development. The Azerbaijani and Tatar peoples, whose relations have a long history, are linked by a common origin, similarity of language, culture and traditions. The relationship between the two peoples has strengthened even more during the years of independence. Key words: Tatars in Azerbaijan, activities of the Tatar community, cultural exchange, Tugan-Tel, Yashlek, Ak-Kalfak

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