scholarly journals Quality control of pork used in the recipe for kebabs in a technogenic zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Atsamaz Biboyev ◽  
Rustem Temirayev ◽  
Lada Vitiuk ◽  
Rita Zhylova ◽  
Larisa Shiritova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Check Sample ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Pork Loin

The investigation purpose was to conduct a comparative control for the consumer qualities of the store pigs meat of the Landrace Danish breeding (LDB) and their cross-breeds of different pedigree on a large white breed (LWB) according to the scheme: control – well-bred Landrace (LDB) animals: 1-st check - 1/2 LDB 1/2 LWB yelts; 2-nd check - 3/4 LDB 1/4 LWB animals and 3-rd check - 7/8 LDB 1/8 LWB yelts, as well as dish samples No. 278 “Pork kebab”, for which the animals meat of the specified pedigree was used in the recipe. The “pork kebab” dish samples from the pork loin of the 3-rd check group distinguished by the best chemical composition. The dish sample of the 3-rd generation pork meat (7/8 LDB × 1/8 LWB) distinguished by the best ecology nutritious features, so that the 3-rd check sample contained lower level of zinc, lead and cadmium. By the total score of the 3-rd check sample of this 3-rd generation Landrace pork dish surpassed the control sample.

scholarly journals Hybridization as a method of improving quality of pork

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
B. P. Kovalenko ◽  
◽  
O. B. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Large White ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
A Share

Studies were carried out on the main indicators of the chemical composition and physical properties of muskulus longissimus dorsi of pigs of different genotypes during hybridization. The indicators of the chemical composition and physical properties of muskulus longissimus dorsi were determined by conventional methods. The materials of experimental studies were processed using methods of variation statistics. According to the amount of moisture, no significant difference between the control and experimental groups was established. According to the amount of protein in meat, a tendency to a slight decrease, compared with the control group by 1.4 (group III) … 1.9 % (group II) was established. The use of boars of Poltava meat breed led to a decrease in intramuscular fat in descendants by 0.25 % compared with peers of a large white breed (P <0.95), and precocious meat - to a real increase of this indicator by 0.43 % at P> 0 , 95. A tendency towards an increase in the amount of tryptophan (by 0.04 ... 0.05) and oxyproline (by 0.004 ... 0.005) in the muscles of hybrid animals was revealed in comparison with peers of pure breed of large white breed. In terms of the biological usefulness of meat proteins, animals of group III were the best - in terms of the quality of the protein of the longest muscle of the back, their advantage over peers of group II was 0.07, and compared with purebred peers. Group I - 0.12 (p <0.95). It was found that with the same area of the meat spot both in purebred large white breeds of animals and hydrides of different genotypes, there is a tendency to increase the latter compared to the control in a humid place: with a «share» of «blood» ½ pm by 2.2 %, and with a «share» of blood ½ cm - 1.4 %. A tendency has been established to increase the pH value of the longest back muscle in animals with a «share» of blood of specialized meat breeds compared with a large white breed. In hybrid animals with a «share» of blood of Poltava meat and precocious meat breeds, there is a tendency to increase the pH value in comparison with the large white breed by 0.15 (2.8 %) and by 0.17 (3.1 %), i.e. the meat of hybrid pigs, the pH of which has a shift towards alkalinity due to less accumulation of lactic acid, has a worse preservation.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young pigs of large white breed and their correlation with some serum enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
White Breed

The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical parameters of blood serum, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young white pigs of English origin, as well as to calculate the level of correlations between the main quantitative traits. The experimental part of the work was carried out in LTd “AF” Dzerzhynets” Dnipropetrovsk region, Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Agricultural Resources Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Ltd “Globinsky Meat Plant” Poltava region, laboratory of zootechnical analysis of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agriculture and livestock laboratories of the Institute of Cereals NAAS. Blood sampling for biochemical studies was performed in 5-month-old animals, serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and α-amylase was determined. Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back (m. Longissimus dorsi) were studied on the indicators of “moisture holding capacity, %”, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000”, “tenderness”, c, “fat content, %”, “total moisture content, %”, “protein content, %”, “heat loss, %”, and “energy value of muscle tissue, kcal”. It was found that the biochemical parameters of blood serum of young pigs of large white breed at 5 months of age correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. Thus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is 1.33 ± 0.074 mmol/h/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) – 1.87 ± 0.063 mmol/h/l, alkaline phosphatase – 291.99 ± 12.517 IU/l,α-amylase – 169.82 ± 5.005 g/h×l. Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of the longest back muscle of young pigs of large white breed show that the number of high quality samples in terms of “moisture holding capacity, %” is equal to 12.0%, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000” – 16.0 %, “tenderness, c” – 12.0 % and “fat content, %” – 16.0 %. Significant correlations were established between the following pairs of features: moisture holding capacity, % × protein content, % (-0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity, % × heat loss, % -0.416 ± 0.1896, tr = 2.19), fat content, % × moisture holding capacity, %, (-0.450 ± 01862, tr = 2.42), fat content, % × energy value, kcal (0.836 ± 0.1144, tr = 7.31), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, mmol/h/l × pH, units of acidity, (0.443 ± 0.1859, tr = 2.37), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × color intensity, units. ext. × 1000 (-0.483 ± 0.1826, tr = 2.65), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × P, % (0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65).

scholarly journals Use of specialized breeds for increase of pork meat quality

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
O. V. Boiko ◽  
O. V. Vashchenko ◽  
M. S. Nebylytsia
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
National University ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Conventional Methods

Aim. Matching ability to study for reproductive, fattening and meat qualities of pigs and to identify the most effective combinations of genotypes national and foreign selection. Methods. Studies conducted in conditions of industrial technology of LLB "Mayak-Agro" Cherkassy region. Groups formed by from counterpart’s methods. Assessment fattening and meat quality was carried out by conventional methods (Polivoda A., 1977). The chemical composition and physical properties of meat were determined by conventional methods in condition of biotechnology laboratories Cherkassy National University. B. Khmelnitsky. Results. The highest quantity offspring obtained by crossing hybrids with boars red white girdle (RWG) and pietrain (P) (11.6–11.8 piglets), with big fetus – when two breed crossed Ukrainian large white breed (ULW) sows of landrace (L) boars and sows of crossbred boars two bread from (P) (1.8 kg, P>0.99). By weight of one head at weaning the best results are obtained by crossing two breeds ewes from boars (RWG) and (P) – 18.1–17.8 kg (P > 0.999). Maximum saving values obtained when combined hybrids (ULW x L) with boars breed Duroc Ukrainian selection “Steppes” (DUSS) – 94.8 %. Conclusions. To improve the meat quality of pork, the best option is a combination of two breeds pig breeds (ULW x L) of boars (P) and (RWG). Keywords: hybridization, a specialized type, industrial crossing, heterosis, muscle area.

scholarly journals Influence of imported pigs breeds to Lithuanian white pigs meat production and quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jukna ◽  
C. Jukna ◽  
K. Saikevicius
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Pig breeding in Lithuania has still remained a traditional branch of agriculture. Pork meat in meat production balance of the country makes over 40 %. Many authors stated that in case of favorable conditions for crossbreeding combinations it becomes possible to improve successfully pigs? meat properties and meat quality (Michalska et al, 2000; Zaiadilov et al, 2005; Popov, 2005; Jukna et al, 2005; Suslina et al, 2005; Dziaugys et al, 1997). In order to improve pork meat quality in Lithuania it seems important to know which breeds of pigs are most purposeful for breeding with Lithuanian White pigs. The report presents the data about the crossing of Lithuanian White (LW) pigs with the Landraces (L), Yorkshires (Y) and boars of Large White breed. The most effective for the growth rate of crossbreeds are considered to be boars of Landraces and Yorkshires breeds (p<0.05-<0.001). Forage expenditure on the weight gain decreased only reproductors of Landraces breed (p<0.001). Crossbreeding led to the decreased amount of fat in LW pigs behind the terminal rib by 6.76-8.16 mm (p<0.01-<0.001), 6.7-8.44 cm increased the area of cross-section of the longest dorsal muscle (p<0.001) and by 2.83-4.2 % increased the muscularity of the carcass (p<0.01->0.05). The studied boars of the imported breeds also affected some meat quality parameters of Lithuanian White pigs. Drip loss of the crossbreeds of Yorkshires and Large White breed tended to be by 2.89-3.2 % lower than in Lithuanian White pigs (p<0.05-<0.001). The meat of all crossbreds tended to be harder than in Lithuanian White pigs (p<0.05-<0.01) and the tendency of lower water coherence capability (p<0.001->0.05) was also observed. The effect of crossbreeding on the other quality parameters in pigs was less considerable.

Association between leptin receptor gene polymorphism and quality of both meat and back fat in large white pigs of ukrainian breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
V. Balatsky ◽  
I. Bankovska ◽  
A. Saienko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Lepr Gene ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed

Leptin receptor is one of the components of the system of regulating energy homeostasis of the organism. Leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphism is associated with pig carcass index of the content of intramus- cular fat in its valuable parts, which is particularly important when assessing the quality of their carcasses for processing. Intramuscular fat is associated with meat fl avor characteristics and partly determines its tenderness, juiciness, and other parameters. Aim. To analyze LEPR gene (SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T) polymor- phism in populations of various pig breeds and to establish its relationship with the quality of both meat and fat of pigs of Large White breed of Ukrainian breeding. Methods. Genetic-population analysis of nine pig breeds, associative analysis on the search connection of LEPR gene polymorphism with quality of both meat and fat of pigs of Large White breed of Ukrainian breeding. LEPR locus genotyping was performed by High Resolution Melting (HRM). Results. All the studied breeds are characterized by polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene (SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T), signifi cant breed specifi city in the distribution of frequencies of alleles was established. Statistically confi rmed effect (p < 0.05) of genotypes LEPR on the content of intramuscular fat, total dry matter and moisture in the meat, as well as the moisture content in the back fat of pigs of Ukrainian Large White breed was revealed. Higher content of intramuscular fat was found in the animals with genotype TT, while a smaller amount of intramuscular fat and more moisture in fat was revealed in heterozygotes. Conclusions. Genetic marker LEPR SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T can be used in the marker-assisted selection to predict and improve the performance quality of the meat of pigs of Large White breed of the Ukrainian breeding. These results suggest that porcine leptin receptor gene controls the quality of fat comp- lex – inside muscles and in the dorsal part of the carcass.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Khalak ◽  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Konstiantyn Pochernyaev ◽  
Serhii Smyslov ◽  
Maria Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

Influence of the sex and type of tissue on the basic chemical composition and the content of minerals in the sirloin and offal of fattener pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Babicz ◽  
Anna Kasprzyk ◽  
Kinga Kropiwiec-Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to determine the basic chemical composition and mineral content in the sirloin and offal of fattener pigs, taking their sex into consideration. In addition, comparative analysis of the content of chemical and mineral components in the sirloin and offal was performed. The experimental material included 24 crossbred (Polish Landrace × Polish Large White) fatteners, from which samples of sirloin (musculus longissimus lumborum), liver, heart, and kidneys were collected for the analysis. A significant effect of the sex on the fat content in the sirloin and liver and on the level of magnesium (Mg), zinc, and iron (Fe) in the sirloin was demonstrated. Significant differences were found in the basic chemical composition and mineral content between the sirloin and the offal. In comparison with the liver, the sirloin contained lower amounts of protein and fat and higher potassium and Mg contents. In turn, the offal was shown to be a rich source of sodium, calcium, and trace elements (Fe, manganese, and copper). The mean cadmium concentration in the sirloin and offal was significantly lower than the threshold values for these elements, i.e., it accounted for 26% and 6.2% (liver)–19.5% (heart) of the allowable content of this element in pork meat and offal.

scholarly journals ЗВ'ЯЗОК G.143C>T ПОЛІМОРФІЗМУ ГЕНА CTSL ІЗ ВІДГОДІВЕЛЬНИМИ І М’ЯСНИМИ ЯКОСТЯМИ СВИНЕЙ ВЕЛИКОЇ БІЛОЇ ПОРОДИ УКРАЇНИ

2014 ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
К. Ф. Почерняєв ◽  
В. М. Балацький ◽  
І. К. Лядський
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact

Викладені результати досліджень зв’язку гена ctslіз відгодівельними і м’ясними якостями свиней вели-кої білої породи України. Проаналізовано особливостіалелофонду гена ctsl у різних популяціях свиней ВБпороди; проведено аналіз частот і розповсюдженнярізних генотипів; вивчено зв'язок g.143C>T полімор-фізму цього гена з товщиною відкладення сала посередині спини та в ділянці 6–7-го ребер, а також ізсередньодобовими приростами,товщиною найдовшо-го м’яза спини й виходом м’яса. Визначено силу впли-ву g.143C>T поліморфізму гена ctsl на ці ознаки.Встановлено достовірні відмінності (P<0,05) за де-якими з вищезгаданих ознак у свиней із різними гено-типами гена ctsl. На підставі проведених дослідженьзроблені висновки та подані пропозиції виробництву. The results of researches of the association of gene ctsl   with the formation of fattening and meat qualities in pigs of the Large White breed of Ukraine are given. It has been analysed the features of gene ctsl alelofund in different populations of pigs of LW breed, it was carried out the analysis of frequencies and distribution of different genotypes. The association g.143C>T polymorphism of this gene with thick deposits of fat in the middle of the back and in area of 6-7 ribs, as well as average daily gains , thickness of the longest muscles and meat yield was studied. It has been determined the impact force g.143C>T polymorphism of gene ctsl on these traits. It was found out significant differences (P <0.05) for some of the above traits in pigs with different genotypes of gene ctsl. On the basis of the researches it was made conclusions and advanced proposals to producers.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN BREEDING SOWS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
V. O. Melnik ◽  
O. O. Kravchenko ◽  
О. S. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Breeding Farms

Improving of fertility indicators and reproductive qualities of sows during artificial insemination in farms of different specializations is very topical issue. The introduction of artificial insemination of sows on breeding farms by the spermdoses of optimum volume, by the frozen-thawed and sex sperm requires the introduction of innovative reproductive technologies. The use of economical methods of artificial insemination of sows using a minimum number of sperm in a small volume of spermdose in order to achieve high rates of fertility and prolificacy was proven in numerous experiments of the authors. Significantly reduced spermdose may be sufficient if the sperm enters deep enough into the uterus. Vitality of sperm does not depend on the size of spermdose, but the best place for sperm to survive one oviducts where they keep the fertilizing capacity from 9 to 27 hours. So deep intrauterine insemination of sows improves conditions for sperm survival The aim was to study the feasibility and justification for widespread implementation in to production on breeding farms of intrauterine insemination of sows morder to increase their fertilization and prolificacy and  to save the boar sperm with the highest index of breeding values. Experiments were conducted in terms of selection and genetic center of Agrofirm "Mig-Service-Agro" in Mykolaiv region. In the experiment used 65 sows of live weight of 280-320 kg wiht 2-4 farrowing were. Sows in sexual hunting were showed once daily in the morning using a boar-prober. Artificial insemination was performed twice: the first time - in the afternoon and at 14-16 p.m. The second time – in the morning of the next day at 9-10 am. For artificial insemination of sows were ed using experimental spermodes with volume of 40 ml which contained 1.5 billion of a Active sperm. For the dilution of sperm was used Durasperm - KRUUSE (Denmark) the period of sperm perpetuation is 5-7 days. To enter the were semen used catheters Magaplus S, (Spain) for intrauterine insemination of sows. Analysis shows that the period from weaning to insemination has significant difference comparing sows of large White breed with Landrace breed (p <0.001), with genotype sows F1 (p <0.01) and sows of the Duroc breed (p <0.05). For all selected 65 sows duration of suckling period, was estimated which averaged 32.2 days and the average time from weaning of pigs to their sexual inclination and the first intrauterine insemination 6.8 days that meets the physiological norm. After intrauterine insemination of sows of then 48 farrowed, which wich made for 73.9%. іncluding live 5 emergency farrow  were obtained, representing 10.4% of all amount. Percentage of farrow is considered physiologically normal – 80%, or more of total insemined sows. The very low percentage of farrow 53.3% had of sows F1, and the highest percentage was found by sows of the Duroc breed – 85.7%. Pregnency of sows were received just 17, which made 26.1% and highest percentage – 46.7% was set by sows F1. Analysis of the pregnancy sows shows that on average it is 116.2 days was the longest – 117.1 days was set in Landrace breed sows and the short est 115.5 days in Large White breed, but the difference is not significant. 571 pigs were received, іncluding live 451 head, which is 78.9%. The largest percentage of іncluding live piglets obtained from sows F1 – 82.5%, and the lowest in Landrace breeds – 77.0% and Large White – 77.3%. Exit of all piglets per sow without emergency farrowings is 12.2, іncluding live – 9,8. The highest yield were obtained piglets from sows F1 – 13.1, іncluding live – 10.9, the lowest yield of sows of the Duroc breed – 10.6, іncluding live 9.1, which has significant difference compared with the control (IDPs) and other breeds.  After intrauterine insemination 8 sows showed cyclic deregulation in 20-25 days, ie repeated sexual hunt took place on average 22.3 days. These sows were inseminated by not fractional way, they farrowed and an average litter just 13.1 piglets per sow, іncluding live - 11.3 was obtained. Repeating after intrauterine insemination on 45-48-49 day in the sexual hunt came about three sows for artificial insemination by not fractional method 3 farrowed and was obtained output – 13.3 piglets, іncluding live – 11.7. It should be noted that the best sow Large White breed №12 after intrauterine insemination bore 16 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow of Landrace breed №1556 – 18 pigs, іncluding live 12, Duroc №5888 – 13 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow F1 №167 – 20 pigs, іncluding live 14 pigs. Breeding requires more careful handling with major sows taking into account their breeding value and cost, that’s why we believe that there is no need to risk causing injury genitals with intrauterine insemination if a sufficient number of spermdoses of boars-sires exist.

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