scholarly journals Response of Indonesian rice varieties to iron toxicity under field and green house condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Trias Sitaresmi ◽  
Katerine Dewi ◽  
Indrastuti Apri Rumanti ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Yudhistira Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Green House ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Excess of reduced iron (Fe2+) will affect the plant growth of rice when it is grown under waterlogged condition. Some rice genotypes have been identified tolerance to iron toxicity with different mechanism-type of tolerance. This study aims to identify the response of some rice genotypes to iron toxicity, and to evaluate their consistency in the greenhouse screening method and the field condition. The experiments were conducted in iron toxicity hotspot area, Banyuasin (South Sumatera) and the control as irrigated rice field was in Sukamandi (West Java). The green house experiment of Fe toxicity was done using 400 ppm of Iron with Yoshida Agar Solution method. The response of rice plant to iron toxicity was observed on leaf bronzing score (LBS), iron content and uptake, biomass, yield and yield components and stress tolerant index (STI). We found that there was not clear relationship between the iron content with the leaf bronzing symptom depending on type of tolerant while the stress tolerance index was corelated with the yield. There were two varieties was identified as tolerant, namely Cilamaya Muncul as includer tolerant genotype and Awan Kuning as the excluder tolerant genotype. The information of the distinct response those rice germplasms can be used for recommendation for further study and development of rice tolerant to iron toxicity condition.

scholarly journals Swampy rice lines for iron toxicity tolerance and yield components performance under inland swamp at Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJANG MARUAPEY ◽  
NOLADI WICAKSANA ◽  
AGUNG KARUNIAWAN ◽  
GUT WINDARSIH ◽  
Dwinita Wikan Utami
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Promising Line ◽  
Planting Distance

Abstract. Maruapey A, Wicaksana N, Karuniawan A, Utami DW, Windarsih G. 2020. Swampy rice lines performance for iron toxicity tolerance and yield components under inland swamp at Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5394-5402. The extensification of sub-optimal lowland farming strategy is expected to support the increase of rice production. Based on the efforts, the development of tolerant rice varieties to Fe-toxicity to be used in the swampy land area is one of the approaches for increasing rice production. Currently, promising rice lines that are tolerant to Fe-toxicity has been developed using molecular breeding approach for inland swampy area. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of 15 promising rice lines that have various genetic backgrounds in inland swamp in Sorong, West Papua. The field experiment was conducted during the second rice planting season (August 2018 to February 2019) to evaluate the performance of the promising rice lines to the morpho-agronomic performance under the lowland swamp conditions. The trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 4 m x 5 m square plots, with 25 cm x 25 cm planting distance and 3 replications. The results revealed that most of the lines had good performances on the Fe-toxicity tolerance, based on bronzing, root length, and biomass characters. The G1 line had the best performance on yield component characters, especially the panicle length. This line also had the highest grain yield (6.15 ton.ha-1) followed by the next promising line of G7 (5.92 ton.ha-1). The genetic performance of these lines showed that they contained IRT (Iron Regulation Transporter) alleles that contributed to partitioning the Fe tolerance mechanism.

scholarly journals Responses of Selected Indonesian Rice Varieties under Excess Iron Condition in Media Culture at Seedling Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Yudhistira Nugraha ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Indrastuti A. Rumanti ◽  
Indrastuti A. Rumanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

Iron toxicity could limit rice productivity on irrigated lowland acid and swampy soil. The use of iron toxicity tolerant rice is an alternative strategy to improve rice productivity in these areas. We studied the phenotypic variation of twenty-four rice genotypes and characterized the fate of Fe2+ along its path between the roots and shoot of rice plant. Twenty-four rice genotypes form different agro-ecosystem were grown under agar nutrient solution conditions with 400 mg. L-1 iron stress and under normal condition. We found variation in the biomass accumulation of rice seedling during stress of iron namely, high accumulated biomass tolerant type and low accumulate biomass tolerant type. The relative biomass weight was highly correlated with the leaf bronzing scores (LBS) under excess iron. Based on these categorizations, we chose six genotypes to observe the present of Fe in root and shoot using invivo-staining 2,2 bypiridine. The result indicated that some genotypes were able to develop root and shoot aerenchym during iron stress. This was related to the development on root iron plaque and the iron content of the shoot of the rice seedling. In this present study, rice genotypes could be classified as the includer tolerant type (Inpara 2) and some others were the excluder tolerant type (Mahsuri, Pokkali and Siam Saba). This information on tolerance strategies is important for rice breeder to develop physiological-based breeding program of iron-toxicity tolerant in rice.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice Using Detached Tiller and Field Screening Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedanand Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rice Genotypes

In present study physical resistance test on 12 rice varieties against sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani was examined. A detached tiller test was used to measure components of ShB physiological resistance at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Nepal. The varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in year 2010-12. A sclerotium was inserted below the leaf collar of individual tillers maintained in tubes filled with water. Only the 56-day old susceptible plants were inoculated. After 7 days of inoculation, number of lesions, dead leaves, vertical sheath colonization and disease severity were measured. In 2011, field experiments were conducted with three replications to address morphological resistance in 28 rice genotypes. Disease incidence was recorded on 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The number of dead leaves differed only numerically while disease variables significantly (P=0.004) varied among varieties. The other variables were highly correlated with each other. Cluster analysis of variables formed three varietal groups; Sabitri with lowest, and Jasmine-85 and Betichikon having highest values. Rice genotypes differed significantly (P=0.05) for disease incidence and area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Tetep and IAC-165 had the lowest and highest terminal disease incidences and AUDPC, respectively. Sabitri, MTU-1010 and IR-26 recorded lower AUDPC values. Hence, Tetep and Sabitri could be used as donors in hybridization and their plant morphology could be considered as selection guide for improving ShB resistance in rice.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.1-8

scholarly journals Perbaikan Varietas Padi untuk Lahan Keracunan Fe

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tintin Suhartini
Keyword(s):  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Allelic Interaction ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Tidal Swamps

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The use of rice varieties tolerant to iron toxicity is an efficient way to deal with low rice production in iron toxicity areas. The varietal improvement activities consisted of evaluation, screening of rice germplasm, bulk population of crossed materials, and introduction. Varietal screening was conducted by direct selection at the iron toxicity areas of +200 ppm Fe content at Tamanbogo, Lampung. Anther culture would speed up breeding activities due to the availability of genetic resources tolerant to Al toxicity which were having high regeneration and callus induction. The character of Fe tolerance was controlled by two or more dominant genes which were epistatic and duplicate genes, additive, dominant and non allelic interaction genes. Selection for Fe tolerance at advanced generation could increase degree of homozygotes, lead to more tolerant genotypes and increase selection effectiveness. From bulk population had been selected tolerant lines in the early generation were some lines of IR64 progeny, promising lines from crossings of introduced IRRI varieties and local varieties. Nine rice varieties released for tidal swamps areas. More than 100 accesions of rice germplasm tolerant to Fe toxicity had been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penggunaan varietas padi toleran keracunan Fe merupakan cara yang efisien dalam mengatasi rendahnya produksi padi pada lahan keracunan Fe. Perbaikan varietas meliputi evaluasi, skrining plasma nutfah padi, bahan populasi hasil persilangan, dan introduksi. Metode skrining yang dilakukan dengan menyeleksi langsung di lahan dengan kadar Fe tinggi (+200 ppm) di Tamanbogo, Lampung. Sumber keragaman genetik toleran cukup tersedia, sehingga perbaikan varietas untuk tujuan keracunan Fe dapat dilakukan. Metode kultur anter dapat mempercepat siklus pemuliaan, dengan tersedianya bahan genetik toleran Fe yang memiliki daya regenerasi dan induksi kalus yang tinggi. Terdapat dua gen ketahanan atau lebih yang bersifat epistatis atau duplikat gen. Pola pewarisan sifat toleran keracunan Fe dipengaruhi oleh gen aditif, dominan, dan interaksi gen nonalelik. Seleksi pada generasi lanjut dapat meningkatkan derajat homozigositas, terbentuk genotipe dengan derajat toleransi yang tinggi dan meningkatkan efektifitas seleksi. Dari bulk populasi persilangan generasi awal telah diperoleh galur-galur hasil seleksi perbaikan varietas IR64, galur harapan asal persilangan Bogor dan introduksi dari IRRI. Sembilan varietas padi toleran keracunan Fe telah dilepas untuk lahan pasang surut. Evaluasi terhadap plasma nutfah padi menunjukkan lebih dari 100 aksesi toleran keracunan Fe.</p>

The response of alfalfa genotypes to different concentrations of mobile aluminium

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. Liatukienė ◽  
R. Skuodienė
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Plant Vigour

Abstract The morphological traits of alfalfa under acid soil conditions with different mobile aluminium (Al) concentrations were investigated. The study site was Vėžaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 55°70 N, 21°49 E. The experiment featuring the 30 most Al-tolerant alfalfa accessions (populations and cultivars), determined from laboratory trials was established on a Bathygleyic Dystric Retisol in 2018. In 2019 and 2020, the biological and morphological traits were evaluated: plant regrowth, plant height before flowering, wintering, leafiness, stem thickness, plant vigour, stem density, seed yield and resistance to spring black stem leaf spot. The resistance of alfalfa to mobile Al toxicity was determined using a filter-based screening method of selection cycles C1 and C2. The accessions grown in the soil with mobile Al (20.6–23.4 mg/kg) showed better tolerance to Al toxicity in the cycle C2. The hypocotyl tolerance index of these accessions was better at 8, 16, 32 and 64 mm AlCl3 concentrations in the cycle C2. The correlation analysis showed strong significant positive and negative relationships between the morphological traits. A cluster analysis showed that the accessions, grown in the soil with mobile Al (20.6–23.4 mg/kg) were the most resistant to Al toxicity in the cycle C2. These accessions produced a better seed yield and demonstrated lower values of morphological traits compared to cluster 2. Also, these accessions are considered as tolerant to mobile Al toxicity and might be used as donors in breeding for Al toxicity tolerance.

scholarly journals Seribiodiversity and their Role in Sustainable Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh ◽  
Mrinal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive signaling molecule in plants which modulates a variety of physiological processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of exogenous NO supplied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in wheat seedlings under ironinduced oxidative damage was investigated. An appropriate concentration of NO was determined by conducting a preliminary experiment. In solution culture, wheat seeds were grown in the control (100 μM Fe), and toxic Fe (400 μM Fe) levels and the toxic Fe supply was treated with various levels of (50, 100, 200 and 500 μM) sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results indicated that 400 μM Fe significantly decreased percentage germination, tolerance index, root lengths as well as fresh and dry weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP attenuated the inhibition of wheat seed germination. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 100 μM SNP. The accumulated concentration of iron and active Fe was significantly decreased by SNP treated Fe toxic seedlings. Toxicity of Fe caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in roots of wheat seedlings. One hundred μM SNP counteracted Fe toxicity by reducing the H2O2, MDA and proline contents of toxic Fe exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), non protein thiols (NPT) and of glutathione reductase (GR) and increased ascorbate (ASc) compared with Fe toxic treatment alone, thereby indicating the modulation of the antioxidative capacity in the root under Fe stress by NO. The results indicated that the exogenous application of SNP, improved the antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat seedlings against Fe induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis of four fine rice varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
P L Biswas ◽  
U K Nath ◽  
S Ghosal ◽  
A K Patwary
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Genotype-environment interactions through different stability parameters and performance traits of four fine rice genotypes were studied. The traits were; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of effective tillers per hill, panicle length (cm), number of fertile grains per panicle, number of sterile grains per panicle and yield (t/ha) in four fine rice genotypes across nine environments along with experimental farm of Genetics and Plant Breeding department, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Mymensingh. Significant differences were observed for genotypes, environments and genotypes–environment interaction. Stability analysis after Eberhat and Russell’s model suggested that the genotypes used in study were more or less responsive to environmental changes. Most of the genotypes performed better in Comilla. BAU125 was found stable for effective tillers per hill and comparatively less sensitive to other genotypes in panicle length and number of sterile grains per panicle. BR5 was stable for days to maturity and plant height whereas Kalizira performed better than other genotypes for fertile grains per panicle. In general, only the genotype BAU125 was found stable for effective tillers per hill, panicle length and lowest number of sterile grains per panicle.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12011   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 1–7, 2012  

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of 53 Indonesian Rice Genotypes using 6K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joko Prasetiyono ◽  
Nurul Hidayatun ◽  
Tasliah Tasliah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Rice Chromosomes ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Genotypic Mixtures

<p>Indonesia is rich in rice genetic resources, however, only a small number has been used in variety improvement programs. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of Indonesian rice varieties using 6K SNP markers. The study was conducted at ICABIOGRAD for DNA isolation and IRRI for SNP marker analysis. Genetic materials were 53 rice genotypes consisting of 49 varieties and 4 check genotypes. SNP markers used were 6K loci. Results showed that among the markers analyzed, only 4,606 SNPs (76.77%) were successfully read. The SNP markers covered all twelve rice chromosomes of 945,178.27 bp. The most common allele observed was GG, whereas the least allele was TG. Dendrograms of the 53 rice varieties analyzed with 4,606 SNPs demonstrated several small groups containing genotypic mixtures between indica and japonica rice, and no groups were found to contain firmly indica or japonica type. Structure analysis (K = 2) with value of 0.8 showed that the 53 rice varieties were divided into several groups and each group consisted of 4 japonica, 2 tropical japonica, 46 indica, and 1 aus rice type, respectively. IR64 and Ciherang proved to have an indica genome, while Rojolele has japonica one. Dupa and Hawara Bunar, usually grouped into tropical japonica rice, were classified as indica type, and Hawara Bunar has perfectly 100% indica type. The results of this study indicated that rice classification (indica-japonica) which is usually classified based only on morphological characters, e.g. grain and leaf shapes, is not enough and classification based on SNP markers should be considered for that purpose.</p>

scholarly journals LOW ASSOCIATION OF Bph17 ALLELE IN LANDRACES AND IMPROVED VARIETIES OF RICE RESISTANT TO BROWN PLANTHOPPER

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wage Ratna Rohaeni ◽  
Untung Susanto ◽  
Aida F.V. Yuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes

<p>Resistance traits to brown planthopper on rice varieties are controlled by dominant and recessive genes called Bph/bph. Bph17 is one of dominant genes that control rice resistance to brown planthopper.  Marker of Bph17 allele can be used as a tool of marker assisted selection (MAS) in breeding activity. Association of Bph17 allele and resistance to brown planthopper in Indonesian landraces and new-improved varieties of rice is not clearly known. The study aimed to determine the association of Bph17 allele in landraces and new-improved varieties of rice resistant to brown planthopper. Twenty-one rice genotypes were used in the study, consisting of 13 landraces, 5 improved varieties, 3 popular varieties and a check variety Rathu Heenati. Two simple sequence repeat markers linked to Bph17 allele were used, i.e. RM8213 and RM5953. The results showed that association of Bph17 allele in landraces and new-improved varieties of rice resistant to brown planthopper resistance was very low (r = -0.019 and -0.023, respectively). The presence of Bph17 allele did not constantly express resistance to brown planthopper. The study suggests that Bph17 allele cannot be used as a tool of MAS for evaluating resistance of landraces and new-improved varieties of rice to brown planthopper. Further research is needed to obtain a specific gene marker that can be used as a tool of MAS and applicable for Indonesian differential rice varieties. </p>

scholarly journals Assessing Genetic Diversity of Rice Varieties under Drought Stress Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina ABARSHAHR ◽  
Babak RABIEI ◽  
Habibollah SAMIZADEH LAHIGI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Varieties

In order to compare different rice genotypes grown under drought stress conditions a field experiment was conducted. In this study thirty different genotypes of native, breeded and upland cultivars were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes in respect of all vegetative and morphological traits. Genotypes were devided into three groups by cluster analysis based on all studied traits with minimum variance method (Wards Method). The total average indicates significant differences among groups in respect of all morphological and physiological characteristics. In addition, eight drought stress tolerance indices including: sensitivity to stress index (SSI), drought response index (DRI), relative drought index (RDI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity index (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity index (GMP) and harmonic mean index (HM) were calculated according to their grain yield under drought stress and normal conditions. In general, results of this experimnet revealed that, among rice cultivars Domsephid, Deylamany, Hasansaraei, Sadri, Anbarboo and Domsiah had the highest sensitivity referring to drought stress and produced the lowest grain yield. Also, genotypes of IR24 (breeded of IRRI), Nemat, Sephidroud, Kadoos and Bejar (breeded of Iran) and Vandana, upland cultivar (originally from India) had the highest tolerance to drought stress and produced the highest grain yield. In conclusion, it was suggested that, these cultivars are suitable for drought stress conditions and are appropriate for hybridization with the aim of increasing drought tolerance.

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