scholarly journals Seribiodiversity and their Role in Sustainable Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh ◽  
Mrinal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive signaling molecule in plants which modulates a variety of physiological processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of exogenous NO supplied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in wheat seedlings under ironinduced oxidative damage was investigated. An appropriate concentration of NO was determined by conducting a preliminary experiment. In solution culture, wheat seeds were grown in the control (100 μM Fe), and toxic Fe (400 μM Fe) levels and the toxic Fe supply was treated with various levels of (50, 100, 200 and 500 μM) sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results indicated that 400 μM Fe significantly decreased percentage germination, tolerance index, root lengths as well as fresh and dry weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP attenuated the inhibition of wheat seed germination. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 100 μM SNP. The accumulated concentration of iron and active Fe was significantly decreased by SNP treated Fe toxic seedlings. Toxicity of Fe caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in roots of wheat seedlings. One hundred μM SNP counteracted Fe toxicity by reducing the H2O2, MDA and proline contents of toxic Fe exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), non protein thiols (NPT) and of glutathione reductase (GR) and increased ascorbate (ASc) compared with Fe toxic treatment alone, thereby indicating the modulation of the antioxidative capacity in the root under Fe stress by NO. The results indicated that the exogenous application of SNP, improved the antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat seedlings against Fe induced oxidative stress.

Nitric Oxide Alleviates Iron Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Damage and Growth Inhibition in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Nalini Pandey ◽  
Laxmi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Protein Thiols

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive signaling molecule in plants which modulates a variety of physiological processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of exogenous NO supplied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in wheat seedlings under ironinduced oxidative damage was investigated. An appropriate concentration of NO was determined by conducting a preliminary experiment. In solution culture, wheat seeds were grown in the control (100 μM Fe), and toxic Fe (400 μM Fe) levels and the toxic Fe supply was treated with various levels of (50, 100, 200 and 500 μM) sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results indicated that 400 μM Fe significantly decreased percentage germination, tolerance index, root lengths as well as fresh and dry weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP attenuated the inhibition of wheat seed germination. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 100 μM SNP. The accumulated concentration of iron and active Fe was significantly decreased by SNP treated Fe toxic seedlings. Toxicity of Fe caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in roots of wheat seedlings. One hundred μM SNP counteracted Fe toxicity by reducing the H2O2, MDA and proline contents of toxic Fe exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), non protein thiols (NPT) and of glutathione reductase (GR) and increased ascorbate (ASc) compared with Fe toxic treatment alone, thereby indicating the modulation of the antioxidative capacity in the root under Fe stress by NO. The results indicated that the exogenous application of SNP, improved the antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat seedlings against Fe induced oxidative stress.

Long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 overexpression promotes viability and inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes by targeting microRNA-34a/SIRT1 axis in diabetic cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyun Sun ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Xingbo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Promoting Effect

Objective: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important complication of diabetes. This study was attempted to discover the effects of long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 (OIP5-AS1) on the viability and oxidative stress of cardiomyocyte in DCM. Methods: The expression of OIP5-AS1 and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in DCM was detected by qRT-PCR. In vitro, DCM was simulated by high glucose (HG, 30 mM) treatment in H9c2 cells. The viability of HG (30 mM)-treated H9c2 cells was examined by MTT assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were used to evaluate the oxidative stress of HG (30 mM)-treated H9c2 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interactions among OIP5-AS1, miR-34a and SIRT1. Western blot was applied to analyze the protein expression of SIRT1. Results: The expression of OIP5-AS1 was down-regulated in DCM, but miR-34a was up-regulated. The functional experiment stated that OIP5-AS1 overexpression increased the viability and SOD level, while decreased the ROS and MDA levels in HG (30 mM)-treated H9c2 cells. The mechanical experiment confirmed that OIP5-AS1 and SIRT1 were both targeted by miR-34a with the complementary binding sites at 3′UTR. MiR-34a overexpression inhibited the protein expression of SIRT1. In the feedback experiments, miR-34a overexpression or SIRT1 inhibition weakened the promoting effect on viability, and mitigated the reduction effect on oxidative stress caused by OIP5-AS1 overexpression in HG (30 mM)-treated H9c2 cells. Conclusions: OIP5-AS1 overexpression enhanced viability and attenuated oxidative stress of cardiomyocyte via regulating miR-34a/SIRT1 axis in DCM, providing a new therapeutic target for DCM.

Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Response to Metribuzin in Solution Culture

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Dry Weight

Twenty-eight commercial soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars of maturity classes V through VIII were evaluated for differences in response to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] 0.125 ppm w/w in hydroponic culture. Top dry weight (TDW) of treated ‘FFR 666’ soybeans equaled that of the cultivar check and five other cultivars were not significantly different (P = 5%). ‘Semmes' was most sensitive to the herbicide with TDW 40% of cultivar check. ‘Tracy’ and ‘Coker 156’ were not significantly different (P = 5%) from Semmes. The other cultivars tested were intermediate in response to metribuzin.

scholarly journals Differential Growth Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Elevated CO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza ESHGHIZADEH ◽  
Morteza ZAHEDI ◽  
Samaneh MOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Intraspecific variations in wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 was evaluated using 20 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The plants were grown in the modified Hoagland nutrient solution at a greenhouse until 35 days of age using two levels of CO2 (~380 and 700 µmol mol–1). The shoot and root dry weights of the wheat cultivars exhibited average enhancements of 17% and 36%, respectively, under elevated CO2. This increase was associated with higher levels of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (21%), carotenoid (30%), leaf area (54%) and plant height (49.9%). The leaf area (r = 0.69**), shoot N content (r = 0.62**), plant height (r = 0.60**) and root volume (r = 0.53*) were found to have important roles in dry matter accumulation of tested wheat cultivars under elevated CO2 concentration. However, responses to elevated CO2 were considerably cultivar-dependent. Based on the stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), the wheat cultivars exhibiting the best response to elevated CO2 content were ‘Sistan’, ‘Navid’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Sepahan’ and ‘Bahar’, while the ones with poor responses were ‘Omid’, ‘Marun’, ‘Sorkhtokhm’ and ‘Tajan’. The findings from the present experiment showed significant variation among the Iranian wheat cultivars in terms of their responses to elevated air CO2, providing the opportunity to select the most efficient ones for breeding purposes.

scholarly journals Protein carbonyls and protein thiols in rheumatoid arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullaiah P. ◽  
Suchitra M. M. ◽  
Siddhartha Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Thiols

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) has an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OS causes protein modification, thereby impairing the biological functions of the protein. This study was conducted to assess the oxidatively modified protein as protein carbonyl content and the antioxidant status as protein thiols, and to study the association between protein carbonyls and protein thiols in RA.Methods: Newly diagnosed RA patients who were not taking any disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were included into the study group (n=45) along with age and sex matched healthy controls (n=45). Serum protein carbonyl content and protein thiols were estimated.Results: Elevated protein carbonyl content and decreased protein thiol levels (p<0.001) were observed in RA. A significant negative correlation was observed between protein carbonyl content and protein thiol levels (p<0.001).Conclusions: Oxidative stress in RA is evidenced by enhanced protein oxidation and decreased antioxidant protein thiol levels. Decreased protein thiols may also reflect protein modifications leading to compromise in the antioxidant properties. This oxidant and antioxidant imbalance needs to be addressed by therapeutic interventions to prevent disease progression.

scholarly journals Cadmium affects the regeneration of the leafy vegetable Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings in nutrient solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Selvam Dinesh-Babu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts

Investigamos el efecto de varias concentraciones (0,0-5,0 ppm) de cadmio (Cd) en la capacidad de regeneración; las características morfológicas y la acumulación de Cd en los esquejes de tallo de la verdura de hoja Talinum portulacifolium cultivada en cultivo hidropónico. El Cd retrasó la brotación de los esquejes en un 7%, la callosidad en un 8% y el enraizamiento en un 38%. Las diferentes concentraciones de Cd afectaron significativamente a los pesos fresco y seco de las partes de la planta, excepto las raíces. La acumulación de Cd fue mayor en los tallos que en las hojas (2,22 vs 0,57 ppm). El índice de tolerancia calculado osciló entre el 59% y el 88%. Basándose en las observaciones, se concluyó que el Cd interfiere con la regeneración de los esquejes de tallo de T. portulacifolium e implica preocupación sobre el consumo y el uso terapéutico de esta hortaliza de hoja que crece en suelos contaminados. We investigated the effect of various concentrations (0.0-5.0 ppm) of cadmium (Cd) on the regeneration ability; morphological characteristics and Cd accumulation in the leafy vegetable Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings grown in hydroponic culture. Cd delayed sprouting of stem cuttings by 7%, callusing by 8% and rooting by 38%. Different Cd concentrations significantly affected fresh and dry weight of plant parts except roots. Accumulation of Cd was more in the stems than in leaves (2.22 vs 0.57 ppm). The calculated tolerance index ranged from 59% to 88%. Based on the observations it was concluded that Cd interferes with the regeneration of T. portulacifolium stem cuttings and imply concerns on the consumption and therapeutic use of this leafy vegetable growing on polluted soils.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium-induced oxidative stress on growth and nitrogen assimilation in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mobin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Consequent Increase

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation, oxidative damage, and nitrogen metabolism were studied in roots and leaves of 30-d-old blackgram plants [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], grown in a mixture of soil and compost (3:1) with different Cd concentrations. Significant reductions in both root and shoot dry weight were noted. The concentration of Cd in roots and leaves increased with increasing Cd levels. The level of lipid peroxidation elevated with a consequent increase in H2O2 content under Cd stress in both plant organs. The activity of enzymes mediating the nitrogen assimilation in roots and leaves was greatly reduced in the presence of Cd, except glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) which showed a significant increase.

scholarly journals Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Prapto Yudono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.

scholarly journals PP2A Methylation is Necessary for Broad Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T. Creighton ◽  
Dugassa Nemie-Feyissa ◽  
Nabeela Zaman ◽  
Sverre S. Johansen ◽  
Hege Dysjaland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Iron Starvation ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Rock Wool

Abstract Background: LEUCINE CARBOXYL METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 (LCMT1) transfers a methyl group from the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the catalytic subunit of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A (PP2A). This post-translational modification of PP2A is manifested throughout eukaryotes from yeast to plants and animals. Although highly conserved, the importance of the methylation is poorly understood. Since Arabidopsis plants with knocked out LCMT1 grow and develop fairly normally, we decided to search for conditions that may reveal the benefits of this regulation. We compared the effects of various stressful conditions on Arabidopsis wild type (WT) and a lcmt1 mutant possessing only non-methylated PP2A. Results: Seedlings were grown in Petri dishes for 5-12 days, or in rock wool and soil for up to 7 weeks. A significant increase in sodium concentration was found for lcmt1 relative to WT, but this was not linked with stressful conditions. Plants were exposed to variable levels of the chelator EDTA, iron, zinc, aluminium, heat, and hydrogen peroxide. The lcmt1 mutant was clearly more sensitive than WT to all the various stresses, as demonstrated by effects on seedling root growth and on shoots of rosette stage plants on rock wool. When omitting EDTA, expression of genes known as signature genes for iron deficiency, FIT1, bHLH100, IMA1, IRT1 was strongly enhanced in lcmt1. Although an iron starvation response was induced, Fe homeostasis was apparently maintained by slowed growth in lcmt1 and the Fe level related to tissue dry weight was not changed. Among genes induced in lcmt1 were also the Zn induced gene ZIF1, and heat shock protein HSP90-1. Concentrations of non-iron transition metals, Cu, Mn and Zn, increased significantly in response to lack of EDTA for both lcmt1 and WT tissue, and especially the growth of lcmt1 was strongly hampered. Conclusions: Presence of the LCMT1 gene was necessary to cope efficiently with an imbalance in the micronutrients, heat stress, and oxidative stress. Methylation of PP2A appears important to ameliorate the toxic effects of metals present in unfavourable high concentrations as well as heat or oxidative stress. The experiments establish LCMT1 as a key component in broad stress tolerance.

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