scholarly journals Ontology as mapping of material world

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Irina Leshcheva ◽  
Dmitry Leshchev
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Material World ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types

This paper reviews currently available approaches and methods of automated population and enrichment of ontologies or ontology-based knowledge bases by structured data stored in various heterogeneous sources. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are pointed out. The results of the analysis allow concluding that the existing methods are not effective enough to solve practical problems. A new method suggested does not have any of the specified disadvantages. The suggested method allows integrating data from different types of sources and considering the distributed nature of data and the necessity of authentication during accessing network resources. The method also suggests a solution to the problem of integrated data conflict resolution so that it will reduce the complexity of populating and enriching ontologies using the collected data arrays, irrespective of the format in which data are stored or represented.

A Model for Structured Data Entry Based on Explicit Descriptional Knowledge

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. van Ginneken ◽  
J. van der Lei ◽  
J. H. van Bemmel ◽  
P. W. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
User Input ◽  
The One ◽  
Research Quality Assessment

Abstract:Clinical narratives in patient records are usually recorded in free text, limiting the use of this information for research, quality assessment, and decision support. This study focuses on the capture of clinical narratives in a structured format by supporting physicians with structured data entry (SDE). We analyzed and made explicit which requirements SDE should meet to be acceptable for the physician on the one hand, and generate unambiguous patient data on the other. Starting from these requirements, we found that in order to support SDE, the knowledge on which it is based needs to be made explicit: we refer to this knowledge as descriptional knowledge. We articulate the nature of this knowledge, and propose a model in which it can be formally represented. The model allows the construction of specific knowledge bases, each representing the knowledge needed to support SDE within a circumscribed domain. Data entry is made possible through a general entry program, of which the behavior is determined by a combination of user input and the content of the applicable domain knowledge base. We clarify how descriptional knowledge is represented, modeled, and used for data entry to achieve SDE, which meets the proposed requirements.

Studies on Chemical Methods to Expose Gate/Tunnel Oxide and Identification of Gate/Tunnel Oxide Defects in Wafer Fabrication

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. Hua ◽  
G. B. Ang ◽  
S. Redkar ◽  
Yogaspari ◽  
Wilma Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Capacitor Structure ◽  
Oxide Defects ◽  
Buffer Oxide Etchant ◽  
Etch Time

Abstract In failure analysis of wafer fabrication, currently, three different types of chemical methods including 6:6:1 (Acetic Acid/HNO3/HF), NaOH and Choline are used in removing polysilicon (poly) layer and exposing the gate/tunnel oxide underneath. However, usage is limited due to their disadvantages. For example, 6:6:1 is a relatively fast etchant, but it is difficult to control the etch time and keep the oxide layer intact. Also, while using NaOH to remove poly and expose the silicon oxide, the solution needs to be heated. It is also difficult to etch a poly layer with a WSix or a CoSix silicide using NaOH. In this paper, we will discuss these 3 etchants in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. We will then introduce a new poly etchant, called HB91. HB91 is useful for removing poly to expose the gate/tunnel oxide for identification of related defects. HB91 is actually a mixture of two chemicals namely nitric acid (HNO3) and buffer oxide etchant (BOE) in a 9:1 ratio. The experimental results show that it is highly selective in poly removal with respect to the gate/tunnel oxide and is a suitable poly etchant especially for removing polysilicon with/without WSix and CoSix in the large capacitor structure. Application results of this poly etchant (HB91) will be presented.

scholarly journals Establishing a Comprehensive English Teaching Pattern Combining the Communicative Teaching Method and the Grammar-Translation Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Kong
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Grammar Translation Method ◽  
Teaching Pattern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Teaching

Based on the current contradiction between the grammar-translation method and the communicative teaching method in English teaching, this paper, starting with clarifying the task of comprehensive English as well as the definition of the two teaching methods, objectively analyzes their advantages and disadvantages and proposes establishing a new method by fusing them with an elaboration on the reasonability of combining them in the practical teaching of comprehensive English with their complementary advantages.

Comparison of New Telescopic Video Microlaryngoscopic and Standard Microlaryngoscopic Techniques

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Yanagisawa ◽  
Ken Yanagisawa ◽  
Jay B. Horowitz ◽  
Lawrence J. Mambrino
Keyword(s):  
Video Camera ◽  
New Method ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Microscopic Technique ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Microlaryngeal Surgery ◽  
Television Image

A new approach to microlaryngeal surgery using a specially designed video microlaryngoscope with a rigid endoscopic telescope and an attached video camera was introduced by Kantor et al in 1990. The ability to video document and perform surgery of the larynx by viewing a high-resolution television image was demonstrated. This method was recommended over the standard microscopic technique for increased visibility with greater depth of field, unimpeded instrument access, instant documentation, and superior teaching value. The authors tried this new method and the standard microscopic technique at the same sitting on a series of patients. This paper will compare these two different techniques and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Although the new method has many advantages, the standard microscopic technique remains as a valuable method in laryngeal surgery.

scholarly journals A new method of spectrophotometry in the visible and ultra­violet and the absorption of light by silver bromide

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (683) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
New Method ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Absorption Of Light

A quantitative investigation of the absorption of light by silver bromide has been undertaken as a preliminary to a photochemical investigation of the action of silver bromide in the photographic dry plate. A good summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods which have been devised by different experimenters for the quantitative investigation of the absorption of light by substances is given by Ewest in a thesis entitled, “Beiträge zur quantitativen Spectralphotographie,” of which an abstract is given by F. F. Renwick. All the methods which have been used previously either depend upon Schwarzschild’s law of the relation between time of exposure and the photographic effect, or a so-called neutral wedge is used which is supposed to absorb equally in all wave-lengths or is calibrated for selective absorption. The method which we have used is in some ways similar to that used by Ewest, but the apparatus required is very much simpler and a wedge of the material under examination is used instead of the neutral wedge of Ewest. In our method all that is required of the photographic plate is that the exposure of two adjacent portions of the same plate to the same light intensity of the same wave-length or the same time gives the same density under identical conditions of development. This condition is easily satisfied. As will be seen in the sequel, errors are reduced to errors in measurements of length.

Lexical-Grammatical Status and Lexicographic Presentation of Two-Component Stable Prepositional Combinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Elena V. Generalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Summary Table ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Unresolved Question ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The aim of the article is to review the ways of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations and the factors essential for their lexical-grammatical status and the type of optimal lexicographic description. The object of the study is twocomponent prepositional combinations with stable meanings and the “preposition+noun” structure. The material of the article is data of different dictionaries of Russian presenting stable prepositional combinations. In the course of the study, the following questions were answered: why the definition and interpretation of the lexical-grammatical nature of stable prepositional combinations are so difficult and ambiguous; what lexicographic interpretation these units have in dictionaries of different types; what the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of dictionary interpretation of such language material are. The following methods were used: introspective (observation, generalization, classification), systematic lexicographic description according to dictionary parameters, dictionary definition analysis. The summary table of the lexicographic presentation of stable combinations allows seeing both the unresolved question of dictionary interpretation of such units and the patterns of their interpretation depending on the type of a dictionary. As a result of the analysis the following conclusions were drawn. 1) In modern Russian there is a rather large (about 2,000 units) class of language units (prepositional combinations), the lexical-grammatical status of which is not defined, and there is no term for their definition; this class is historically formed and continues to replenish. 2) The type of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations is determined by the dictionary concept, grammatical and syntactic properties, presence of figurative meaning and possibility of component variation of such combinations. 3) The unresolved theoretical issues have as a result the lexicographic discrepancy in the presentation of these language units. Extreme lexicographic solutions are a separate dictionary entry for each combination and the presentation of such units only as stable combinations in the entry of a noun (presented in academic explanatory dictionaries). 4) Taking into account only the factor of presence/absence of a gap seems to formalize the dictionary presentation of adverbs with both conjoined and split spelling, really existing in Russian, and the position of recognition of these units with independent words and their isolate presentation is not impeccable for dictionary users. 5) In the author’s opinion, the presentation of stable prepositional combinations exclusively as independent vocabules is inferior to the traditional lexicographic approach because the isolated presentation of this material breaks the semantic connections of these complex lexical units; the most complex issue is the differentiation of adverbs with split spelling and stable combinations.

Performance assessment of the complex repairable system with n-identical units under (k-out-of-n: G) scheme and copula linguistic repair approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Singh ◽  
Abubakkar Idris Mohhammad ◽  
Kabiru Hamisu Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
New Method ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Repairable System ◽  
Variable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper analyzed a complex system consisting n-identical units under a k-out-of-n: G; configuration via a new method which has not been studied by previous researchers. The computed results are more supportable for repairable system performability analysis.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors have analyzed a complex system consisting n-identical units under a k-out-of-n: G; configuration via a new method which has not been studied by previous researchers. The supplementary variable technique has employed for analyzing the performance of the system.FindingsReliability measures have been computed for different types of configuration. It generalized the results for purely series and purely parallel configurations.Research limitations/implicationsThis research may be beneficial for industrial system performances whereas a k-out-of-n-type configuration exists.Practical implicationsNot sure as it is a theoretical assessment.Social implicationsThis research may not have social implications.Originality/valueThis work is the sole work of authors that have not been communicated to any other journal before.

Udziały jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w podatkach państwowych

Studia BAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (65) ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Final Section ◽  
National Income ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fiscal Efficiency ◽  
Tax Sharing ◽  
Basic Features

The aim of this paper is to explore the rationale for the reform of the shares of local government units (LGUs) in national income taxes in Poland as well as to evaluate the selected proposals for changes in this area. The paper begins by outlining the definition and the basic features of tax sharing in the context of fiscal federalism. The next section provides an overview of the tax shares operating in some OECD countries. The main part of the article focuses on the key principles of the tax sharing system in Poland. The author briefly examines the fiscal efficiency of this source of local revenue in different types of Polish LGUs and the most significant dysfunctions of Polish local tax shares. The final section investigates the most important proposals for the reform of tax sharing and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.

Introduction of FECs and its Applications on Internet & Wireless Communications

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 1776-1780
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Chun Lan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Coding ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
Different Types

This article focuses on FECs which is an error correction coding method and its applications in Internet and wireless communications. First, this article begins with the principles and the types of FECs. Then some typical applications n Internet and Wireless communications for each type of FECs are outlined. The next step is a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages between different types of FECs.

Lattice-constant and stress measurement in single crystals: a new method

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balder Ortner
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Lattice Constant ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Lattice Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

A method for the X-ray determination of lattice-plane distances is given. Similar to Bond's method, it is based on the measurement of rocking curves, with some advantages and disadvantages compared with the former method. The new method is especially designed for single-crystal stress measurement. Its usefulness is demonstrated in two examples of lattice-constant and stress measurement.

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