Body composition and energy expenditure: Relationship and changes in obese subjects before and after biliopancreatic diversion

Metabolism ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto M. Tacchino ◽  
Antonio Mancini ◽  
Michele Perrelli ◽  
Antonio Bianchi ◽  
Antonella Giampietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects

scholarly journals Energy balance dynamics during short-term high-intensity functional training

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Schubert ◽  
Elyse A. Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Activity Energy

CrossFit (CF; CrossFit Inc., Washington, DC, USA) is a form of high-intensity functional training that focuses on training across the entire spectrum of physical fitness. CF has been shown to improve a number of indicators of health but little information assessing energy balance exists. The purpose of the present study was to investigate energy balance during 1 week of CF training. Men and women (n = 21; mean ± SD; age, 43.5 ± 8.4 years; body mass index, 27.8 ± 4.9 kg·m−2), with ≥3 months CF experience, had body composition assessed via air displacement plethysmography before and after 1 week of CF training. Participants wore ActiHeart monitors to assess total energy expenditure (TEE), activity energy expenditure, and CF energy expenditure (CF EE). Energy intake was assessed from TEE and Δ body composition. CF EE averaged 605 ± 219 kcal per 72 ± 10 min session. Weekly CF EE was 2723 ± 986 kcal. Participants were in an energy deficit (TEE: 3674 ± 855 kcal·day−1; energy intake: 3167 ± 1401 kcal·day−1). Results of the present study indicate that CF training can account for a significant portion of daily activity energy expenditure. The weekly expenditure is within levels shown to induce clinically meaningful weight loss in overweight/obese populations.

Validation of saliva and urine use and sampling time on the doubly labelled water method to measure energy expenditure, body composition and water turnover in male and female cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469
Author(s):  
Camila Goloni ◽  
Francine M. Peres ◽  
Igor L. S. Senhorello ◽  
Ludmilla G. Di Santo ◽  
Fernanda S. Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Isotope Enrichment ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linear Elimination ◽  
Sampling Times

AbstractLess invasive protocols are necessary to study energy expenditure (EE) of cats living in homes for expressing their normal living conditions. The present study compared sampling times and the use of saliva, urine and blood to measure 2H and 18O to apply the doubly labelled water method. In the first study, four cats were used to evaluate the enrichment (2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 h) and elimination (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 d) of 2H and 18O (subcutaneously injected). The maximum enrichment was after 5 h (R2 0·82) of injection, with an Ln linear elimination of both isotopes (P < 0·001; R2 0·99). The results of EE were similar, regardless of the sampling time used (P = 0·999). In the second study, seven male cats and seven female cats were used. Before and after isotope injection (5 h, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d), blood, saliva and urine were collected. Isotope enrichment was lower in urine (P < 0·05) and at the similar level in blood and saliva. Isotope elimination was similar for all fluids (P < 0·473). The EE calculated with blood and saliva was similar but higher for urine (P = 0·015). According to Bland–Altman statistics, blood and saliva presented low bias and high correlation (P < 0·001), but this was not observed for urine (P = 0·096). Higher EE was observed for male cats (384 (se 39) kJ/kg0·67 per d) than for female cats (337 (se 34) kJ/kg0·67 per d; P < 0·05). The sampling time for the method is flexible, and saliva can be used as a substitute for blood.

Influence of Diet and/or Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Utter ◽  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Elizabeth M. Shannonhouse ◽  
Diane E. Butterworth ◽  
Cathy N. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects

The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of diet, exercise, or both on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese women. Ninety-one obese subjects were randomized into one of four groups: diet (D) (4.19–5.44 MJ or 1,200–1,300 kcal/day), exercise (E) (five 45-min sessions at 78.5 ± 0.5% maximum heart rate), exercise and diet (ED), and controls (C). Maximal aerobic power and body composition were measured in all subjects before and after a 12-week diet intervention period. Subjects in D and ED lost 7.8 ± 0.7 and 8.1 ± 0.6 kg body mass, with no significant change for E relative to C. Losses of percent body fat and fat mass were significantly greater in D and ED but not in E relative to C. The change in VO2max was greater in ED and E but not D when compared to C. Results indicate that moderate aerobic exercise training during a 12-week period has no discernible effects on body composition but does improve cardiorespiratory fitness in dieting obese women.

Free Living Energy Expenditure in Post Menopausal Women before and after Exercise Training

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara R. Keytel ◽  
Michael I. Lambert ◽  
Judith Johnson ◽  
Timothy D. Noakes ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Submaximal Heart Rate

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of moderate exercise training, on 24-hour free living energy expenditure in previously sedentary post-menopausal women. The experimental group (EX) included 9 women. Ten non-exercising control subjects (CON) were recruited to undergo pre- and post-testing. Estimated total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), total 24-hour heart beats (HB), total energy intake (TEI), resting metabolic rate, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), body composition, and submaximal heart rate were measured before and after the exercise intervention. Body composition did not change (body fat % in CON 34.0 ± 4.0% vs. 33.9 ± 3.6% and EX 34.1 ± 4.0% vs. 34.0 ± 3.4%). Mean submaximal heart rate during steady-state exercise in EX was lower after training compared to CON (p < .05); however, V̇O2max did not significantly (CON 1.96 ± 0.23 vs. 1.99 ± 0.241 LO2/min and EX 1.86 ± 0.39 vs. 1.94 ± 0.30 LO2/min). Neither estimated TDEE (CON, 11.6 ± 2.0 vs. 11.4 ± 2.78 MJ; and EX 11.4 ± 3.3 vs. 11.5 ± 2.5 MJ, pre vs. post, respectively), RMR (CON 134.2 ± 9.4 vs. 136.9 ± 15.0 KJ/kgFFM/day, and EX 138.4 ± 6.4 vs. 140.7 ± 14.2 KJ/kgFFM/day, pre vs. post, respectively), TEI (CON 7.9 ± 2.2 vs. 8.2 ± 2.5 MJ, and EX 9.4 ±1.6 vs. 8.3 ± 2.8 MJ), nor HB (CON 110,808 ± 12,574 vs. 107,366 ± 12,864 beats, and EX 110,188 ± 9,219 vs. 114,590 ± 12,750 beats) change over 8 weeks in either group. These data suggest that a moderate exercise program may not impact on TDEE, RMR, TEI, or HB in previously sedentary, older women.

scholarly journals Circulating Irisin in Healthy Adults: Changes after Acute Exercise, Correlation with Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure Parameters in Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Rudite Lagzdina ◽  
Maija Rumaka ◽  
Gita Gersone ◽  
Peteris Tretjakovs
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Subjects

Background and Objectives: Skeletal muscles are considered to be the main source of circulating irisin, both at rest and during physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between irisin, body composition, and energy metabolism in humans. Materials and Methods: Serum irisin concentrations before and after acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill in 84 healthy adults were measured and their association with body composition and energy expenditure (EE) (obtained from indirect calorimetry) was determined. Results: The total pre-exercise irisin concentrations in males and females were similar, but higher in females when expressed per body mass kg (p < 0.001). There was an association between pre-exercise irisin per body mass kg, visceral fat rating (rho = −0.52, p = 0.001), and lean tissue % (rho = 0.41, p < 0.05) in males and lean body mass index (LBMI) (rho = −0.59, p < 0.001) in females. The pre-exercise irisin concentration correlated with the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both sexes (rho = 0.44 in males, rho = 0.36 in females; p < 0.05), but with walking, running, and the EE difference from RMR in running (Δ running EE) in males only (rho = 0.32 to 0.37, p < 0.05). There was no significant change in irisin concentration after exercise in 58% of participants, while it decreased in 23%, and increased in 19%. In male subjects with no change in irisin concentration after exercise, running (p < 0.05) and Δ running EE per body mass kg (p < 0.05) were higher than in those with decreased irisin concentration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the association of irisin concentration with body composition and EE parameters has sex-dependent differences, and acute exercise can lead to various changes in post-exercise irisin levels.

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