Individuals with the PNPLA3 (adiponutrin) variant present with unexpected body fat composition: a study in one thousand healthy blood donors

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kempinska ◽  
M Krawczyk ◽  
M Klak ◽  
M Blatkiewicz ◽  
F Lammert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Fat Composition

Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Body Fat Composition, and Leptin Sensitivity in Non-Obese and Overweight/Obese Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Composition

Both insulin and leptin are major contributors for the body energy balance. Obesity is a state of energy imbalance and is also associated with changes in both insulin sensitivity and leptin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between insulin sensitivity and body fat composition, and leptin sensitivity in non-obese and obese adults. A total of 86 adults participated: 42 non-obese and 44 over-weight/obese. Body fat (BF) percent was determined by skinfold method. Fasting plasma glucose was analyzed by glucose oxidase-phenol and 4 aminophenazone (GOD-PAP) method using spectro-photometer, fasting serum insulin and leptin concentrations by direct sandwich ELISA method and resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry. Leptin sensitivity index and insulin sensitivity were expressed as REE : Leptin ratio and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively. It was found that median value of HOMA-IR was significantly higher [2.93 vs 1.72, p<0.01] and leptin sensitivity was significantly lower [116.76 vs 265.66, p<0.001] in the overweight/obese adults than the non-obese adults, indicating that insulin sensitivity and leptin sensitivity were markedly reduced in overweight/obese adults in compare to non-obese adults. There was a moderate degree of positive relationship between HOMA-IR and BF only in the overweight/obese (ρ=0.509, n=44, p<0.001) and all adults (ρ=0.39, n=86, p<0.001). Similarly, a weak negative relationship between leptin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR was found in the overweight/obese (ρ=-0.328, n=44, p<0.05) and all adults (ρ=-0.35, n=86, p<0.01). It can be concluded that the insulin sensitivity was adiposity dependent, but, it did not depend on leptin sensitivity.

scholarly journals A Prospective Investigation of Body Size, Body Fat Composition and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Saldana Ortega ◽  
Kathryn E. Bradbury ◽  
Amanda J. Cross ◽  
Jessica S. Morris ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Investigation

scholarly journals Relationship between dietary patterns, lifestyle habits and Total body fat composition among university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Hafizah W Jusof ◽  
Nuqman Mursyid Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Main Meal

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, leading to an increased risk of many serious illnesses, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. The changes of dietary patterns and lifestyle habits especially among young generation may contribute to this problem. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of dietary patterns and lifestyle habits on total body fat composition among UniKL RCMP students.The self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 71 students (42.3% male and 57.7% female) by convenience sampling method to identify their dietary pattern and lifestyle habits. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method was used to assess body fat composition. The results showed that most of the students (52.1%) consumed 2 meals daily, which contained carbohydrates, proteins, fatty foods, and beverages, but a low intake of fruits and vegetables. The majority of the students skipped breakfast and ate lunch as their main meal. For lifestyle habits, 77.5% of students preferred to do inactive activity during leisure time, while only 2.8% preferred to do exercise. The mean body fat percentage (% BF) for male students was 21.13 + 1.30, which is classified as high, while for females, the mean % BF was 26.71 + 1.25, which is classified as normal. The majority of the students did not practice healthy eating and lifestyle habits, and these factors may have contributed to the high body fat composition in male students. Therefore, the university is suggested to provide more programs such as good lifestyle habits and nutrition educations campaigns to increase awareness among the students.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the effectiveness of an osteopathic primary care sports medicine led intervention on performance in men’s collegiate lacrosse players

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh C. Rao ◽  
Hallie Zwibel ◽  
Jenny Berezanskaya ◽  
Paul Pena ◽  
Min-Kyung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Context Comprehensive sports medicine care goes beyond the treatment of injuries resulting from athletic activities. Ultimately, it is a competence that includes knowledge in physical therapy, training, nutrition, coaching, motivation, competition, mentoring, psychology, and spirituality that allows the physician and patient to collaborate on promoting the patient’s health goals. The current literature demonstrates a lack of knowledge in the Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine Model’s effectiveness in performance. Objectives To determine whether a comprehensive osteopathic primary care sports medicine approach can improve performance and health outcomes in collegiate athletes. Methods A randomized controlled trial commenced just prior to the start of the lacrosse season and concluded at the end of the season. All the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT) collegiate lacrosse players were educated first in a 1-day seminar of the core competencies, and all participants had access to ask questions on their own volition. Then they were randomized into two groups, either the experimental group receiving the direct osteopathic primary care sports medicine intervention (n=18) or the control group not having active intervention (n=19). Also, the overall team winning percentage for that season was computed and compared to that for the previous years and the following year. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), custom Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine questionnaire, and body fat composition, and their changes were compared between the experimental group and the control group. Collected data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in the study. After 14 participants were excluded due to being lost to follow-up, 23 athlete records were analyzed. The winning percentage of the team was highest during the year of the study period time than in the 3 previous years and the following year. The test group did not have any statistically significant change in the PHQ-9, SF-36, custom Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine questionnaire, as well as in body fat composition. Conclusions When used during a collegiate lacrosse season, this Osteopathic Primary Care Sports Medicine intervention did not significantly improve health outcomes. This preliminary study, despite its limitations in compliance and study population size, did demonstrate improvement in overall team performance when comparing the intervention sport season to other seasons but was not statistically significantly. Therefore, further studies are warranted to improve the understanding in this approach to athlete health outcomes and performance.

Diminished satiation in rats exposed to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous cholecystokinin

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. R331-R337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Covasa ◽  
Jeremy K. Marcuson ◽  
Robert C. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Osmotic Minipumps ◽  
Fat Composition

Rats maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to the satiation-producing effect of exogenous CCK. Because more CCK is released in response to HF meals than low-fat (LF) meals, we hypothesized that increased circulating CCK associated with ingestion of HF diets contributes to the development of decreased CCK sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we implanted osmotic minipumps filled with either NaCl or CCK octapeptide into the peritoneal cavity. Subsequently, we examined the effect of intraperitoneal NaCl or CCK (0.5 μg/kg) injection on 30-min food intake. CCK significantly reduced 30-min food intake less in rats implanted with CCK-releasing minipumps compared with those with NaCl-releasing minipumps. Because dietary protein is a potent releaser of endogenous CCK, we hypothesized that rats adapted to a high-protein (HP) diet might also exhibit reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK. Therefore, in a second experiment, we examined CCK-induced reduction of food intake in rats maintained on LF and rats maintained on HF or HP. Ingestion of LF stimulates very little endogenous CCK secretion, whereas both HF and HP markedly increase plasma CCK concentrations. Both doses of CCK reduced food intake significantly less in HF and HP rats compared with LF rats. There were no differences in 24-h food intake, body weight, or body fat composition among LF-, HF-, and HP-fed rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sustained elevation of CCK either by infusion of exogenous CCK or by dietary-induced elevation of plasma CCK contributes to the development of reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Taeeumjowi-tang in Obese Korean Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunju Park ◽  
Won Nahmkoong ◽  
ChunHoo Cheon ◽  
Jeong-Su Park ◽  
Bo-Hyoung Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Composition

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Taeeumjowi-tang (TJ001) as well as to estimate obesity-related factors.Methods. This was a 12-week trial with 5 visits. A total of 102 participants of both genders were randomized to either TJ001 (n=57) group or the placebo group (n=55). Subjects were administered 7 g of either TJ001 or placebo 3 times a day. The primary outcome was a rate of subjects who lost 5% or more of initial weight. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, and body fat composition.Results. The subject response rate of ≥5% weight loss compared to baseline was similar in both groups, and no statistically significant difference was observed (P=0.87). Changes in anthropometric parameters were greater during the first 4 weeks in the treatment group (P<0.0001). There were no significant changes in both within groups and between groups for lipid profile and body fat composition. No adverse event was reported in either group.Conclusion. Although the difference between the groups regarding a rate of subjects who lost 5% or more of initial weight did not show statistical significance, TJ001 appears to be beneficial in safely controlling weight.

Effect of narrowband ultraviolet B therapy on inflammatory markers and body fat composition in moderate to severe psoriasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Romaní ◽  
A. Caixàs ◽  
J.M. Carrascosa ◽  
M. Ribera ◽  
M. Rigla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Severe Psoriasis ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Fat Composition
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