Ethnic Differences In Blood Coagulation During Pregnancy

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Reboucas Goncalves ◽  
E Coutinho ◽  
Jean M Thomson ◽  
E Coutinho ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Two Populations

A comparison has been performed of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic changes during the third trimester of pregnancy in a group of white Caucasian women in Manchester, UK, with a matched group of non-white women in Salvador, Brazil. The same standardised reagents and methods were used for all tests at both centres. Results show some highly significant differences between the two populations. Fibrinogen and factor VII levels were significantly higher and fibrinolytic activity was significantly lower in the Manchester women. These findings may provide a basis for the clinical impression that haemorrhage at delivery is relatively common in Salvador whereas post partum thrombosis is extremely rare.

Development Of Blood Coagulation-A Fetal Lamb Model

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
C T Kisker ◽  
J E Robillard ◽  
W R Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fetal Lamb

To study the normal development of blood coagulation factor activities in a growing fetus while avoiding the effects of labor and delivery, a chronic fetal lamb model was developed in which serial blood samples were obtained from 10 chronically catheterized fetuses during the third trimester of pregnancy and 24 hours following spontaneous delivery of live-born lambs. Under operating room conditions with sterile technique, a polyethylene catheter to which heparin had been bound to both internal and external surfaces, was inserted into the femoral artery of the fetus. The catheter was brought out through a skin pouch to the side of the ewe, and enclosed in a zip lock bag. Blood samples were withdrawn from the catheter three times each week for measurement of coagulation factor activities. Levels of coagulation factor activities at birth in noncatheterized animals were not different from those found in catheterized animals except for factor IX activity which was 12% higher in the catheterized animals (0.02<p<0.05). Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and fibrin monomer levels were not increased during gestation and the shape of the changes in activity of individual clotting factors over time in the different fetuses was remarkably constant for each of the factors measured. Fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor VII showed a decrease in activity early in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas factors V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, and XIII showed a gradual increase in activity throughout the last trimester of pregnancy. Both factors VIII and IX showed a significant increase in activity (23% factor VIII and 12% factor IX) associated with the process of delivery. Changes in blood coagulation in the fetal lamb were similar to those thought to occur in humans. Similarities included fibrinogen, factors V and VIII which reached or exceeded adult levels at birth and the vitamin-K dependent factors II, VII, IX and X which remained below adult levels at term.

scholarly journals Serological and shedding patterns after Coxiella burnetii vaccination in the third gestation trimester in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Tutusaus ◽  
Fernando López-Gatius ◽  
Beatriz Serrano ◽  
Eva Monleón ◽  
Juan Badiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study sought to assess the effects of an inactivated phase I vaccine against Coxiella burnetii at the start of the third trimester of gestation on serological profiles, bacterial shedding patterns and subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Cows were randomly assigned to a control (n = 78) or a vaccinated (n = 78) group on days 171–177 of gestation. Samples of placenta and colostrums at parturition, vaginal fluid, faeces, milk (PCR identification) and blood (anti-C. burnetii antibody detection) were obtained on the day of treatment and on days 91–97 post partum, and also on parturition day and weekly on days 1–7, 8–14, 15–21, 22–28 and 29–35 post partum in a subset of 70 animals. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, no significant effect of vaccination was detected on any of the reproductive variables studied. According to the odds ratio, C. burnetii shedding on days 171–177 of gestation was highly correlated with seropositivity against C. burnetii (OR = 9.1), while vaccination was not linked to reduced shedding of the bacterium. In shedders compared to others, the likelihood of pregnancy to first AI decreased and increased by factors of 0.26 and 16.1 on days 1–35 and 91–97 post partum, respectively. In conclusion, when administered at the start of the third trimester of pregnancy, the inactivated C. burnetii phase I vaccine failed to reduce bacterial shedding.

A cross-sectional study of basal platelet intracellular free calcium concentration in normotensive and hypertensive primigravid pregnancies

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Kilby ◽  
F. Broughton Pipkin ◽  
S. Cockbill ◽  
S. Heptinstall ◽  
E. M. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration ◽  
Free Calcium Concentration

1. The intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in washed human platelets was measured using the fluorescent indicator, fura-2, in a cross-sectional study of 36 normotensive, primigravid volunteers, 12 in each trimester of pregnancy and a further 12 at 6 weeks post partum. The results were compared with those obtained from 30 normal female volunteers not using oral contraception. 2. The mean basal [Ca2+]i in the platelets of the pregnant women in the first two trimesters (115.6 ± 6.7 and 120.1 ± 5.7 nmol/l, respectively) was not shown to differ significantly from that of normal non-pregnant volunteers (112.3 ± 2.9 nmol/l). However, during the third trimester a significant increase in [Ca2+]i was noted (134.0 ± 4.9 nmol/l; P < 0.05), with a return to normal values in the post-partum period (108.2 ± 6.1 nmol/l). 3. [Ca2+]i was also measured in the platelets of a group of 12 primigravid pregnant women in the third trimester whose pregnancies were complicated by gestational hypertension (pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia). A significant rise in basal [Ca2+]i was noted in the platelets of primigravidae whose pregnancies were complicated by pre-eclampsia (163.6 ± 8.8 nmol/l) as compared with normotensive, third-trimester primigravidae (P < 0.02). However, no correlation could be demonstrated between [Ca2+]i and systemic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Blood pressure change across pregnancy in white British and Pakistani women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Farrar ◽  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Debbie A. Lawlor ◽  
Derek Tuffnell ◽  
Trevor A. Sheldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Pakistani Women

Abstract The incidence of gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) is increasing. Use of blood pressure (BP) change patterns may improve early detection of BP abnormalities. We used Linear spline random-effects models to estimate BP patterns across pregnancy for white British and Pakistani women. Pakistani women compared to white British women had lower BP during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, irrespective of the development of GH or PE or presence of a risk factor. Pakistani compared to white British women with GH and PE showed steeper BP increases towards the end of pregnancy. Pakistani women were half as likely to develop GH, but as likely to develop PE than white British women. To conclude; BP trajectories differ by ethnicity. Because GH developed evenly from 20 weeks gestation, and PE occurred more commonly after 36 weeks in both ethnic groups, the lower BP up to the third trimester in Pakistani women resulted in a lower GH rate, whereas PE rates, influenced by the steep third trimester BP increase were similar. Criteria for diagnosing GH and PE may benefit from considering ethnic differences in BP change across pregnancy.

Prenatal Stress and the Cortisol Awakening Response in African-American and Caucasian Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2142-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa D. Simon ◽  
Emma K. Adam ◽  
Jane L. Holl ◽  
Kaitlin A. Wolfe ◽  
William A. Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caucasian Women

scholarly journals Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism in pregnancy: an Italian retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Marcucci ◽  
Paola Altieri ◽  
Salvatore Benvenga ◽  
Marta Bondanelli ◽  
Valentina Camozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) or pseudo-hypoparathyroidism (pseudo-HypoPT) during pregnancy may cause maternal and fetal/neonatal complications. In this regard, only a few case reports or case series of pregnant or lactating women have been published. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and biochemical course, pharmacological management, and potential adverse events during pregnancy and post-partum in pregnant women with HypoPT or pseudo-HypoPT. This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter, study involving nine Italian referral centers for endocrine diseases affiliated with the Italian Society of Endocrinology and involved in “Hypoparathyroidism Working Group”. Results This study identified a cohort of 28 women (followed between 2005 and 2018) with HypoPT (n = 25, 84% postsurgical, 16% idiopathic/autoimmune) and pseudo-HypoPT (n = 3). In HypoPT women, the mean calcium carbonate dose tended to increase gradually from the first to third trimester (+ 12.6%) in pregnancy. This average increase in the third trimester was significantly greater compared to the pre-pregnancy period (p value = 0.03). However, analyzing the individual cases, in 44% the mean calcium dosage remained unchanged throughout gestation. Mean calcitriol doses tended to increase during pregnancy, with a statistically significant increase between the third trimester and the pre-pregnancy period (p value = 0.02). Nevertheless, analyzing the individual cases, in the third trimester most women with HypoPT (64%) maintained the same dosage of calcitriol compared to the first trimester. Both mean calcium carbonate and calcitriol doses tended to decrease from the third trimester to the post-partum six months. Most identified women (~ 70%) did not display maternal complications and (~ 90%) maintained mean serum albumin-corrected total calcium levels within the low-to-mid normal reference range (8.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl) during pregnancy. The main complications related to pregnancy period included: preterm birth (n = 3 HypoPT women), and history of miscarriages (n = 6 HypoPT women and n = 2 pseudo-HypoPT women). Conclusion This study shows that mean serum albumin-corrected total calcium levels were carefully monitored during pregnancy and post-pregnancy, with limited evaluation of other biochemical parameters, such as serum phosphate, 24 h urinary calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, and creatinine clearance. To avoid complications in mothers affected by (HypoPT) or (pseudo-HypoPT) and offspring, intense biochemical, clinical and pharmacological monitoring during pregnancy and breastfeeding is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Transient osteoporosis of the hip in pregnancy: the orthopaedic management of bilateral neck of femur fractures in the third trimester

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e238659
Author(s):  
Esther Victoria Wright ◽  
Ali Zain Naqvi ◽  
Shabana Syed ◽  
Htwe Zaw
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Transient Osteoporosis ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
The Third ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Primary Arthroplasty ◽  
In Pregnancy

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is a rare cause of pelvic pain in the third trimester of pregnancy and post partum. Although several cases have been reported in literature, its aetiology is poorly understood. The diagnosis is commonly missed in pregnancy, as the presenting symptoms can be vague, and the risks of radiographic imaging deter clinicians from pursuing investigation. In extreme cases, this pathology presents with neck of femur fractures, with no current guidelines on optimal management. We describe the case of a 24-year-old woman who presented with bilateral neck of femur fractures at 34 weeks gestation. Following an emergency caesarean section, operative management consisted of bilateral closed reduction and internal fixation using dynamic hip screws. Postoperative radiographs demonstrated failure of fixation on the left side, which was revised to a complex primary arthroplasty. This case demonstrates both the diagnostic and management challenges associated with TOH.

Autoimmunity, preeclampsia and splenic rupture: a case report and literature review

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chana Adler-Lazarovits ◽  
Moshe Mazor ◽  
Offer Erez
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Splenic Rupture ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rupture Of The Spleen

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome is an autoimmune disease which is associated with preeclampsia and can cause thromboembolic events in several organs including the spleen. This report includes a case of post-partum splenic rupture in a woman with preeclampsia in the presence of APLA syndrome and a literature review of splenic rupture during the third trimester and puerperium. Unlike the prominent clinical manifestation of liver hematoma and rupture during preeclampsia, rupture of the spleen can be silent and mistakenly underdiagnosed.

scholarly journals Relationship between udder measurements during pregnancy and partial daily milk yield in goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
I. J. James ◽  
O. A. Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
West African ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Relationship between udder measurements during pregnancy and partial daily milk yield (PDM) in ten West African Dwarf (WAD), three Red Sokoto (RS) and Sahel goats was studied. Udder width (UW), udder circumference (UC), distance between teats (DBT) and teat length (TL) were measured monthly before conception and during pregnancy up to parturition. PDM was determined weekly for 12 weeks of lactation commencing from 4 days post partum. There was a slight increase in udder dimensions within the first 2 trimesters of pregnancy (day 0 - 100) and then followed by an exponential increase during the third trimester (last 50 days of pregnancy) across the breeds. Sahel does had the largest udder dimensions with highest average PDM while WAD does had the smallest udder with lowest average PDM. The highest correlations between udder growth curve parameters and average PDM were obtained with A (r. 0.795) and b (r = 0.609). Thus, udder size at conception and during pregnancy appeared to be a significant determinant of average PDM per lactation and could be more important to average PDM than the rate of increase in udder size during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders for assessing depression in women during pregnancy and post-partum across countries and cultures

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (S46) ◽  
pp. s17-s23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Gorman ◽  
Michael W. O'Hara ◽  
Barbara Figueiredo ◽  
Sandra Hayes ◽  
Frédérique Jacquemain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Period Prevalence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundTo date, no study has used standardised diagnostic assessment procedures to determine whether rates of perinatal depression vary across cultures.AimsTo adapt the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Disorders (SCID) for assessing depression and other non-psychotic psychiatric illness perinatally and to pilot the instrument in different centres and cultures.MethodAssessments using the adapted SCID and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were conducted during the third trimester of pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum with 296 women from ten sites in eight countries. Point prevalence rates during pregnancy and the postnatal period and adjusted 6-month period prevalence rates were computed for caseness, depression and major depression.ResultsThe third trimester and 6-month point prevalence rates for perinatal depression were 6.9% and 8.0%, respectively. Postnatal 6-month period prevalence rates for perinatal depression ranged from 2.1% to 31.6% across centres and there were significant differences in these rates between centres.ConclusionsStudy findings suggest that the SCID was successfully adapted for this context. Further research on determinants of differences inprevalence of depression across cultures isneeded.

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