Error-Based Teaching Approach Decreases Vessel Anastomosis Errors: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background Microsurgical anastomosis of vessels is a challenging skill that surgical residents should practice on models before attempting in the clinical setting. These skills are often taught using synthetic materials, animal tissue, or live animal models. With increasing constraints on surgical resident's time, it is important to maximize efficiency of microsurgical training. The purpose of this study is to determine if teaching surgical residents about common vessel anastomosis errors decreases the total number of suture errors during a 4-day training course. Methods Plastic surgery residents (R1–R3) were randomly assigned to receive additional teaching focused on either common microsurgical errors or traditional microsurgical manuals. The residents then performed anastomosis on rat femoral arteries in which the total number of sutures and errors were recorded by staff microsurgeons who were blinded to the intervention. Results Residents who received teaching on common microsurgical errors performed a total of 73 sutures of which 12 were errors. The control group who studied using traditional microsurgical manuals performed a total of 125 sutures of which 38 were errors. There was a statistically significant decrease in the total number of suture errors (Fisher's exact test; p-value = 0.04) and in the number of partial depth bite errors (Fisher's exact test p-value = 0.03). Conclusion Teaching surgical residents about common vessel anastomosis errors decreased the total number of errors when compared with traditional education methods using microsurgery manuals. Partial depth bite errors were also decreased through error-based teaching.

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Detection of AZF microdeletions and reproductive hormonal profile analysis of infertile sudanese men pursuing assisted reproductive approaches

BMC Urology ◽

10.1186/s12894-021-00834-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Osman Alhassan Elsaid ◽

Tarteel Gadkareim ◽

Tagwa Abobakr ◽

Eiman Mubarak ◽

Mehad A. Abdelrhem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Klinefelter Syndrome ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Factor ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Infertile Men ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test

Abstract Background Male factor is the major contributor in roughly half of infertility cases. Genetic factors account for 10–15% of male infertility. Microdeletions of azoospermia factors (AZF) on the Yq region are the second most frequent spermatogenesis disorder among infertile men after Klinefelter syndrome. We detected in our previous study a frequency of 37.5% AZF microdeletions which investigated mainly the AZFb and AZFc. We attempted in this study for the first time to evaluate the frequencies of all AZF sub-regions microdeletions and to analyze reproductive hormonal profiles in idiopathic cases of azoospermic and oligozoospermic men from Sudan. Methods A group of 51 medically fit infertile men were subjected to semen analysis. Four couples have participated in this study as a control group. Semen analysis was performed according to WHO criteria by professionals at Elsir Abu-Elhassan Fertility Centre where samples have been collected. We detected 12 STSs markers of Y chromosome AZF microdeletions using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of reproductive hormone levels including Follicle Stimulating, Luteinizing, and Prolactin hormones was performed using ELISA. Comparisons between outcome groups were performed using Student’s t-test Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results AZF microdeletion was identified in 16 out of 25 Azoospermic and 14 out of 26 of the Oligozoospermic. Microdeletion in the AZFa region was the most frequent among the 30 patients (N = 11) followed by AZFc, AZFd (N = 4 for each) and AZFb (N = 3). Among the Oligozoospermic participants, the most frequent deletions detected were in the AZFa region (N = 10 out of 14) and was significantly associated with Oligozoospermic phenotype, Fisher's Exact Test (2-sided) p = 0.009. Among the Azoospermic patients, the deletion of the AZFc region was the most frequent (N = 9 out of 16) and was significantly associated with Azoospermia phenotype Fisher's Exact Test p = 0.026. There was a significant difference in Y chromosome microdeletion frequency between the two groups. The hormonal analysis showed that the mean levels of PRL, LH, and FSH in Azoospermic patients were slightly higher than those in oligozoospermic. A weak negative correlation between prolactin higher level and Azoospermic patients was detected. (AZFa r = 0.665 and 0.602, p = 0.000 and 0.0004, AZFb r = 0.636 and 0.409, p = 0.000 and 0.025, and AZFd r = 0.398 and 0.442, p = 0.029 and 0.015). The correlation was positive for AZFa and negative for AZFb and AZFd. Conclusions We concluded in this study that the incidences of microdeletions of the Y chromosome confined to AZF a, b, c and d regions is 58.8% in infertile subjects with 31.4% were Azoospermic and 27.5% were Oligozoospermic. This might provide a piece of evidence that these specified regions of the Y chromosome are essential for controlling spermatogenesis. These findings will be useful for genetic counseling within infertility clinics in Sudan and to adopt appropriate methods for assisted reproduction.

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Correlation between Demographic Status and Nutritional Status against the Occurrence of Anemia toward Female Students in SMP Negeri 3 Kediri

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i1.274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 111-118

Author(s):

Lumastari Ajeng Wijayanti ◽

Eny Sendra ◽

Ratih Novitasari ◽

Tanti Dwi Pujaningsih

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Smirnov Test

This research used cross sectional design. The population was 194 respondents and the sample was 54 respondents which are taken by using simple random sampling technique. Independent variable in this research was demographic status that was measured by questionnaire and nutritional status that was measured based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Meanwhile, dependent variable in this research was the occurrence of anemia that was measured by using spectrophotometry. Data analysis used Fisher's Exact test and Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (α = 0,05). Result of Fisher's Exact test was obtained that p value = 1,000 > 0,05, which meant that there was no significant correlation between demographic status and the occurrence of anemia. Meanwhile, result of Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was obtained that p value = 0,017 < 0,05, which meant that there was a significant correlation between nutritional status and the occurrence of anemia.

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Aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak Sekolah Dasar

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2016.4(3).123-128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

M Zamzani ◽

Hamam Hadi ◽

Dewi Astiti

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Elementary School ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Energy Output ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test

ABSTRACTBackgrounds: The increasing prevalence of obesity is caused by imbalance between energy input to energy output. Physical activity in children both at school and at home plays an important role in determining the nutritional status of children, including the risk of obesity. Objectives: To determine the relationship between children physical activity with obesity in Ngebel Elementary School, Tamantirto Kasihan Bantul. Methods: This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. The study population is all children grades 3, 4, and 5 Ngebel Elementary School, Tamantirto Kasihan Bantul. These samples included 96 children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained with less total sampling technique. Weight children measured using digital bathroom scales to the nearest 0.1 kg and height was measured using the nearest 0.1 cm microtoice assisted by trained enumerators. Physical activity data were obtained using a physical activity questionnaire was adopted from previous studies. Nutritional status data is calculated using the WHO software Anthro 2005. Univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Fisher’s Exact Test. Data were analyzed using software statistic.Results: Results analisis showed physical activity had a significant relationship with the incidence of obesity in children, with p Value 0.015 (<0,05) with OR of 4.78 (95% CI: 1.36 to 16.82), in other words children who do moderate to severe activity ≤1 hour/day had 5 times higher chance to be obese than children with moderate to severe activity >1 hour/day.Conclusions: Physical activity has a significant association with obesity. KEYWORDS: physical activity, obesity, elementary school children ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas disebabkan oleh adanya ketidakseimbangan antara masukan energi dengan keluaran energi. Aktivitas fisik pada anak-anak baik di sekolah maupun di rumah berperan penting dalam penentuan status gizi anak, termasuk risiko terjadinya obesitas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Ngebel, Tamantirto Kasihan Bantul.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua anak kelas 3, 4, dan 5 SDN Ngebel, Tamantirto Kasihan Bantul. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 96 anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diperoleh dengn teknik total sampling. Berat anak-anak diukur dengan menggunakan timbangan injak digital dengan ketelitian 0,1 kg, sedangkan tinggi badan diukur menggunakan microtoise dengan ketelitian 0,1 cm dibantu oleh enumerator terlatih. Data aktivitas fisik diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner aktivitas fisik yang diadopsi dari penelitian sebelumnya. Data status gizi dihitung dengan menggunakan software WHO Anthro 2005. Analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan Fisher’s Exact Test. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program software statistic.Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak dengan nilai p value 0,009 (<0,05) dengan nilai OR 5,69 (95% CI: 1,42-22,65), dengan kata lain anak yang melakukan aktivitas sedang-berat ≤1 jam/hari berpeluang 5 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami obesitas daripada anak dengan aktivitas sedang-berat >1 jam/hari.Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan secara bermakna dengan obesitas.KATA KUNCI: aktivitas fisik, obesitas, anak SD

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TLR4 T399I Polymorphism and Endometriosis in a Cohort of Italian Women

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10050255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Enrica Marchionni ◽

Maria Grazia Porpora ◽

Francesca Megiorni ◽

Ilaria Piacenti ◽

Agnese Giovannetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Italian Women

Background: Endometriosis is a widespread multifactorial disease in which environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors contribute to the phenotype. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes implicated in pivotal molecular mechanisms have been investigated as susceptible risk factors in distinct populations. Among these, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) represents a good candidate due to its role in the immune/inflammatory response and endometriosis pathogenesis. Methods: The TRL4 gene T399I SNP (C/T transition, rs4986791) was investigated in 236 Italian endometriosis patients and 150 controls by using the PCR-RFLP method. One-tailed Fisher’s exact test was used to compare differences between categorical variables. T399I genotype distribution was evaluated for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in both groups using the Chi-squared test for given probabilities. Results: Fisher’s exact test comparing C and T allele frequencies showed a difference in the frequency of T alleles between patients and controls (OR = 1.96, 95% confidence interval 0.91–4.23; p-value = 0.0552). Genotype frequencies did not show any significant difference between patients and controls. The homozygous TT genotype was observed in 2% of endometriosis women and not in controls. Conclusions: Our results show that the TLR4 rs4986791 T variant may be considered a genetic risk factor for endometriosis in Italian women. More extensive studies in other populations are needed to confirm this result.

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Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Breast Predicts Axillary Nodal Status

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481207800624 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 693-697

Author(s):

Alfred John Colfry ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

George M. Fuhrman

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Nodal Status ◽

P Value ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

We hypothesize that the diminishing role of axillary node dissection (ALND) in early stage breast cancer could be further reduced in patients with advanced disease depending on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). We reviewed records of patients managed with NC and recorded demographics, tumor characteristics, pre/postoperative axillary nodal status, and NC response. We define a response to NC as follows: T2 tumors at least a 50 per cent reduction in the product of the length and width of the tumor and in T3–4 tumors a reduction in tumor size to less than 2 cm. We defined a negative axillary nodal status as either a negative sentinel node biopsy before or after NC or a negative ALND. We defined a positive axillary nodal status as clinical persistence of nodal disease despite NC or involved nodes determined by ALND. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the association between response to NC and nodal status. Over the past 4 years, 35 patients have completed NC and surgical treatment including lymph node assessment. Sixteen cancers demonstrated a response to NC and two (12.5%) had positive lymph nodes. Nineteen cancers failed to respond to NC and 13 (68.4%) had involved lymph nodes. Fisher's exact test shows a strong association between NC response and nodal status (two-tailed P value 0.0016). Patients with advanced locoregional breast cancer that respond to NC are unlikely to benefit from ALND. If this study's findings are confirmed in larger trials, ALND could be limited to patients with advanced locoregional breast cancer unresponsive to NC.

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Prevalence of Listeria spp. on the Hands of Food Workers

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-56.6.525 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 525-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

K. G. KERR ◽

D. BIRKENHEAD ◽

K. SEALE ◽

J. MAJOR ◽

P. M. HAWKEY

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Food Production ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Control Group ◽

Clerical Workers ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Plate Technique ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Food Workers

The prevalence of carriage of Listeria spp. on the hands of food workers was investigated using a whole-hand impression plate technique. Ninety-nine workers engaged in food production and retailing were studied, with 75 clerical workers acting as control. Twelve (12%) of food workers carried Listeria spp., and 7 (7%) carried Listeria monocytogenes. None of the control group was positive for Listeria spp. Where the level of carriage was low (<20 CFU) hand washing eliminated the organisms, but hand washing was not successful if larger numbers of bacteria were present. In two instances hand washing appeared to have caused contamination of subjects' hands. Food workers are significantly more likely to carry Listeria spp. than clerical workers (P < 0.015 Fisher's exact test) and frequent hand washing represents an important element of hygiene which may interrupt transmission of these organisms.

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Skeletal Anomalies and Normal Variants in Patients with Palatally Displaced Canines

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/082408-448.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 727-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rosalia Leonardi ◽

Ersilia Barbato ◽

Maurizio Vichi ◽

Mario Caltabiano

Keyword(s):

Null Hypothesis ◽

Control Group ◽

Posterior Arch ◽

Normal Variants ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Skeletal Anomalies ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Ponticulus Posticus ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no increased prevalence of skeletal anomalies and/or normal variants as evidenced by the cephalometric radiographs of patients with palatally displaced canines (PDC). Materials and Methods: The treatment records of 38 white subjects between 14 and 20 years old with PDC were collected and evaluated retrospectively. Inclusion criteria for the study required that the case records include good-quality panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs with the first four cervical vertebrae clearly visible. The anomalies recorded for each case included sella bridge, atlanto-occipital ligament calcification or ponticulus posticus, and posterior arch atlas deficiency. A control group consisted of 70 consecutively treated subjects who had no other dental anomalies and whose maxillary canines had erupted normally. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to determine possible statistically significant differences in the incidence of skeletal anomalies and/or normal variants between the group of patients with PDC and the control group. Results: The prevalence of skull anomalies and normal variants seen in cephalometric radiographs was increased in patients with PDC. Because of the presence of ponticulus posticus (Pearson's chi-square, P < .050; Fisher's exact test, P < .052), sella bridge (Pearson's chi-square, P < .042; Fisher's exact test, P < .042), and posterior arch deficiency (Pearson's chi-square, P < .047; Fisher's exact test, P < .039), statistically significant differences were observed between subjects with PDC and the control group. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. There is an increased prevalence of skull skeletal anomalies and/or normal variants in patients with PDC.

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HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER DI PAUD ASYIYAH 2 PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH

GEMA KESEHATAN ◽

10.47539/gk.v10i2.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nurhayati Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Toilet Training ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test

Toilet training sangat penting dalam membentuk karakter anak dan membentuk rasa saling percaya dalam hubungan anak dan orang tua. Keberhasilan toilet training dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan pola asuh orang tua dalam mendorong anak mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan pola asuh orang tua dengan kemampuan toilet training pada anak usia toddler di PAUD Asyiyah 2 Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu semua orang tua yang memiliki anak usia toddler di PAUD Aisyah 2 Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah sebanyak 32 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak usia toddler di PAUD Aisyah 2 Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah sebanyak 32 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Fisher’s Exact test. Hasil uji Fisher’s Exact didapatkan nilai p=0,000 dan nilai p=0,001 (p Value < 0,05), ini berarti secara statistik ada hubungan pengetahuan dan pola asuh orang tua dengan kemampuan toilet training pada anak usia toddler. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disarankan bagi orang tua (ibu) yang menerapkan pola asuh kurang baik agar dapat merubah atau menerapkan pola asuh yang tepat kepada anaknya agar mampu melaksanakan toilet training dengan baik. Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, pola asuh, toilet training.

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HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH SEWAKTU DENGAN GEJALA NEUROPATI PERIFER PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan ◽

10.32660/jurnal.v5i1.345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽

Susmini Susmini

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Diabetes Melitus

Gangguan metabolik mampu menyebabkan beberapa penyakit salah satunya ialah diabetes melitus. Gejala umum yang sering muncul pada kasus diabetes melitus yaitu hiperglikemia. Hiperglikemia yang berkepanjangan dapat mengakibatkan berbagai macam komplikasi diantaranya komplikasi mikrovaskuler dan makrovaskuler. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan gejala neuropati perifer penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 32 penderita diabetes melitus yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling, penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kedung Dowo Kecamatan Nganjuk. Berdasarkan uji statistik Fisher’s Exact Test didapatkan p value 0.002 (p value < 0.05) yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan gejala neuropati perifer penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.

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The Effect of Experience Extension on The Activity of Calculating Fetal Movement Third Trimester of Primiparaous

JURNAL KEBIDANAN ◽

10.31983/jkb.v9i2.4819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 142-147

Author(s):

I Gusti Ayu Putu Sri Wahyuni ◽

Fitra Arsy Nur Cory'ah

Keyword(s):

Fetal Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Exact Test ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

The World ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Fetal Motion

Based on research by the World Health Organization (WHO), around the world there are 10,000,000 infant deaths per year in Indonesia, among ASEAN countries, is the country with the highest perinatal mortality rate, meaning that the ability to provide health services still requires improvements that are comprehensive and of higher quality. Integrated ANC services are also related to effective counseling activities in an effort to improve maternal knowledge about pregnancy care, especially the activity of calculating gesture). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of experimental counseling fetal motion in third-trimester primigravida. The design in this study was pregnant post nonequivalent control group test. The study was conducted in Meninting Community Health Center, West Lombok Regency. The population of this study was the third trimester of pregnant women, namely 80 people. The sample of this study was 34 people. Test statistics using the Mann Whitney test and Fisher's Exact Test with confidence levels specified α = 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. The results of the study with the Mann Whitney test P = 0,000 means that there is a significant difference between knowledge about calculating fetal motion in the case group compared to the control group and the Fisher's Exact Test P = 0,000 shows there is an influence of experimental counseling on the activity of calculating fetal movement. The recommendations of this study are to examine the effectiveness of calculating fetal motion for fetal distress.

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