scholarly journals Predictions, Pivots, and a Pandemic: a Review of 2020's Top Translational Bioinformatics Publications

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Scott P. McGrath ◽  
Mary Lauren Benton ◽  
Maryam Tavakoli ◽  
Nicholas P. Tatonetti
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Translational Bioinformatics ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Translational Informatics

Summary Objectives: Provide an overview of the emerging themes and notable papers which were published in 2020 in the field of Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics (BTI) for the International Medical Informatics Association Yearbook. Methods: A team of 16 individuals scanned the literature from the past year. Using a scoring rubric, papers were evaluated on their novelty, importance, and objective quality. 1,224 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms extracted from these papers were used to identify themes and research focuses. The authors then used the scoring results to select notable papers and trends presented in this manuscript. Results: The search phase identified 263 potential papers and central themes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), machine learning, and bioinformatics were examined in greater detail. Conclusions: When addressing a once in a centruy pandemic, scientists worldwide answered the call, with informaticians playing a critical role. Productivity and innovations reached new heights in both TBI and science, but significant research gaps remain.

scholarly journals Evolution of knowledge on meniscal biomechanics: a 40 year perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohamadi ◽  
Kaveh Momenzadeh ◽  
Aidin Masoudi ◽  
Kempland C. Walley ◽  
Kenny Ierardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Fe Modeling ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Kinematic Studies

Abstract Background Knowledge regarding the biomechanics of the meniscus has grown exponentially throughout the last four decades. Numerous studies have helped develop this knowledge, but these studies have varied widely in their approach to analyzing the meniscus. As one of the subcategories of mechanical phenomena Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, mechanical stress was introduced in 1973. This study aims to provide an up-to-date chronological overview and highlights the evolutionary comprehension and understanding of meniscus biomechanics over the past forty years. Methods A literature review was conducted in April 2021 through PubMed. As a result, fifty-seven papers were chosen for this narrative review and divided into categories; Cadaveric, Finite element (FE) modeling, and Kinematic studies. Results Investigations in the 1970s and 1980s focused primarily on cadaveric biomechanics. These studies have generated the fundamental knowledge basis for the emergence of FE model studies in the 1990s. As FE model studies started to show comparable results to the gold standard cadaveric models in the 2000s, the need for understanding changes in tissue stress during various movements triggered the start of cadaveric and FE model studies on kinematics. Conclusion This study focuses on a chronological examination of studies on meniscus biomechanics in order to introduce concepts, theories, methods, and developments achieved over the past 40 years and also to identify the likely direction for future research. The biomechanics of intact meniscus and various types of meniscal tears has been broadly studied. Nevertheless, the biomechanics of meniscal tears, meniscectomy, or repairs in the knee with other concurrent problems such as torn cruciate ligaments or genu-valgum or genu-varum have not been extensively studied.

scholarly journals A bibliometric analysis of 23,492 publications on rectal cancer by machine learning: basic medical research is needed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482093459
Author(s):  
Kangtao Wang ◽  
Chenzhe Feng ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Qian Pei ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Mesh Term ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mesh Terms

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse the landscape of publications on rectal cancer (RC) over the past 25 years by machine learning and semantic analysis. Methods: Publications indexed in PubMed under the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term ‘Rectal Neoplasms’ from 1994 to 2018 were downloaded in September 2019. R and Python were used to extract publication date, MeSH terms and abstract from the metadata of each publication for bibliometric assessment. Latent Dirichlet allocation was applied to analyse the text from the articles’ abstracts to identify more specific research topics. Louvain algorithm was used to establish a topic network resulting in identifying the relationship between the topics. Results: A total of 23,492 papers published were identified and analysed in this study. The changes of research focus were analysed by the changing of MeSH terms. Studied contents extracted from the publications were divided into five areas, including surgical intervention, radiotherapy and chemotherapy intervention, clinical case management, epidemiology and cancer risk as well as prognosis studies. Conclusions: The number of publications indexed on RC has expanded rapidly over the past 25 years. Studies on RC have mainly focused on five areas. However, studies on basic research, postoperative quality of life and cost-effective research were relatively lacking. It is predicted that basic research, inflammation and some other research fields might become the potential hotspots in the future.

Eigenvalues and Sensitivity Analysis for a Model of HIV-1 Pathogenesis With an Intracellular Delay

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Yi ◽  
Patrick W. Nelson ◽  
A. Galip Ulsoy
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Lambert W Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Hiv 1

During the past decade significant research has been aimed at better understanding for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the use of mathematical modeling to interpret experimental results has made a significant contribution. However, time-delays, which play a critical role in various biological models, are still not amenable to many traditional analysis methods. In this paper, we apply a recently developed approach using the Lambert W function to handle the time delay in a HIV-1 pathogenesis dynamic model. Dominant eigenvalues in the infinite eigenspectrum of these time-delay systems are obtained and used to understand the effects of the parameters of the model on the immune system. Also, the result is extended to analyze the sensitivity of the eigenvalues with respect to the parameters in the HIV-1 model. The research makes it possible to know which parameters are more influential than others, and the obtained information is used to investigate the HIV-1 dynamic system analytically.

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

The Role of Leukotrienes Inhibitors in the Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Deepak Meshram ◽  
Khushbo Bhardwaj ◽  
Charulata Rathod ◽  
Gail B. Mahady ◽  
Kapil K. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonists ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

Background: Leukotrienes are powerful mediators of inflammation and interact with specific receptors in target cell membrane to initiate an inflammatory response. Thus, Leukotrienes (LTs) are considered to be potent mediators of inflammatory diseases including allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. Leukotriene B4 and the series of cysteinyl leukotrienes (C4, D4, and E4) are metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism that cause inflammation. The cysteinyl LTs are known to increase vascular permeability, bronco-constriction and mucus secretion. Objectives: To review the published data for leukotriene inhibitors of plant origin and the recent patents for leukotriene inhibitors, as well as their role in the management of inflammatory diseases. Methods: Published data for leukotrienes antagonists of plant origin were searched from 1938 to 2019, without language restrictions using relevant keywords in both free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) format. Literature and patent searches in the field of leukotriene inhibitors were carried out by using numerous scientific databases including Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Patents, US Patents, US Patent Applications, Abstract of Japan, German Patents, European Patents, WIPO and NAPRALERT. Finally, data from these information resources were analyzed and reported in the present study. Results: Currently, numerous anti-histaminic medicines are available including chloropheneremine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, and clementine. Furthermore, specific leukotriene antagonists from allopathic medicines are also available including zileuton, montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast and are considered effective and safe medicines as compared to the first generation medicines. The present study reports leukotrienes antagonistic agents of natural products and certain recent patents that could be an alternative medicine in the management of inflammation in respiratory diseases. Conclusion: The present study highlights recent updates on the pharmacology and patents on leukotriene antagonists in the management of inflammation respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Latest Developments in Insect Sex Pheromone Research and Its Application in Agricultural Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi ◽  
Justin George ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy ◽  
Xinnian Zeng ◽  
Angel Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Recent Developments

Since the first identification of the silkworm moth sex pheromone in 1959, significant research has been reported on identifying and unravelling the sex pheromone mechanisms of hundreds of insect species. In the past two decades, the number of research studies on new insect pheromones, pheromone biosynthesis, mode of action, peripheral olfactory and neural mechanisms, and their practical applications in Integrated Pest Management has increased dramatically. An interdisciplinary approach that uses the advances and new techniques in analytical chemistry, chemical ecology, neurophysiology, genetics, and evolutionary and molecular biology has helped us to better understand the pheromone perception mechanisms and its practical application in agricultural pest management. In this review, we present the most recent developments in pheromone research and its application in the past two decades.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Chen ◽  
Qinghua Cui ◽  
Michael Caffrey ◽  
Lijun Rong ◽  
Ruikun Du
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role during influenza virus receptor binding and subsequent membrane fusion process, thus HA has become a promising drug target. For the past several decades, we and other researchers have discovered a series of HA inhibitors mainly targeting its fusion machinery. In this review, we summarize the advances in HA-targeted development of small molecule inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the structural basis and mode of action of these inhibitors, and speculate upon future directions toward more potent inhibitors of membrane fusion and potential anti-influenza drugs.

scholarly journals Newer Volatile Anesthetic Agents in Cardiac Anesthesia: Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Mandke ◽  
Manjula Sarkar ◽  
Charulata Deshpande ◽  
Arun Maheshwari ◽  
Bhupesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cardiac Anesthesia ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Cardiac Anaesthesia ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthesia

AbstractMyocardial protection with volatile anesthetic agents have been suggested by multiple studies. These studies, however, are scattered and are often limited to a particular aspect of cardiac anesthesia. Older inhalational agents like halothane is known to cause significant hepatic damage in patients undergoing long duration surgeries while isoflurane is known to have marked vasodilating properties that also affects the coronary arteries leading to coronary “steal” phenomenon. Additionally, newer agents, like sevoflurane and desflurane, have shown more prominent cardioprotective effects than older agents. We searched ScholarOne, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “anaesthesia, inhalational,” “anaesthesia, intravenous, or TIVA,” and “Cardiac anaesthesia or Cardiac Surgery” were used. Additional studies were identified by review of the reference sections of all eligible studies. The aim of this review article is to bring together the evidences with newer inhalational agents and provide a holistic view of their benefits and shortcomings in cardiac anesthesia.

Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Midface Augmentation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N. Trinh ◽  
Amar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Filler Injections ◽  
Subjective Measurements ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractInjectable fillers represent one of the most requested minimally invasive treatments to rejuvenate the aging face, and its popularity is steadily rising. A vast majority of filler treatments are with hyaluronic acid (HA). The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate patient outcomes, safety profile, and administration techniques of various HA fillers for malar augmentation. A systematic review of the published literature was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and included PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct databases. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms used were “cheek” OR “midface” OR “malar” and “filler” OR “hyaluronic acid” OR “Juvederm” OR “Restylane” OR “Perlane” OR “Belotero.” The initial search identified 699 articles; 256 duplicates were removed. Additional 12 studies were identified from reference lists. A total of 455 were screened by title and abstract and 387 studies were eliminated based on criteria. Also, 68 articles underwent full-text review, and 18 articles were included in the final review and involved seven different HA formulations. Men and women from many age groups were highly satisfied with their results following HA treatment for midface augmentation up to 24 months. The most common adverse events included bruising, swelling, and tenderness, and typically lasted no more than 2 weeks. Upper cheek filler injections near the zygoma should be placed in the submuscular plane while lower cheek injections should be placed in the subcutaneous tissue. HA is an attractive choice for midface augmentation due to its high patient satisfaction, long-lasting effects, and low side-effect profile. Due to the variability in technique, level of expertise, and subjective measurements across studies, one optimal regimen could not be concluded. However, midface augmentation treatment should be personalized to each patient. Additional clinical trials are required to more conclusively determine the most appropriate approach for this procedure.

Aspects of the geomorphology, genesis and environmental significance of earth hummocks (thúfur, pounus): miniature cryogenic mounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Grab
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Differential Frost Heave ◽  
Made In

Miniature varieties of cryogenic mounds that are capable of forming in seasonally frozen ground are commonly referred to as earth hummocks (e.g., North America), thúfur (e.g., Greenland and Iceland) and pounus (Fennoscandia). Over the past few decades there has been a consistent interest to study earth hummocks from a variety of environmental settings. This review summarizes the current knowledge of earth hummocks, highlighting aspects on the external and internal morphology, and thermal characteristics, which may assist to explain hummock formation. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the genesis of earth hummocks, including the ‘cryoexpulsion’ of clasts, hydrostatic and cryostatic pressure, cellular circulation, and differential frost heave. These hypotheses are critically evaluated and some research gaps identified. It emerges that considerable advances have been made towards an improved understanding of earth hummock development, modification and disintegration. Much progress has been made in the application of earth hummock studies to a variety of environmental research approaches such as palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and assessing their impact on hillslope drainage.

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