scholarly journals Pandoraea apista Bacteremia in a COVID-Positive Man: A Rare Coinfection Case Report from North India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Singh ◽  
Chinmoy Sahu ◽  
Sangram Singh Patel ◽  
Atul Garg ◽  
Ujjala Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
North India ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract Pandoraea apista is a novel gram-negative bacillus usually isolated from respiratory specimens of cystic fibrosis patients. Few cases of bacteremia have also been reported due to this rare pathogen. Emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates of this bacillus is of grave concern. Here, we report a very interesting and unusual case of Pandoraea apista bacteremia in a coronavirus disease (COVID)–positive elderly diabetic man suffering from pneumonia. Prompt isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing guided the patient’s treatment and yielded favorable outcome. The need of automated methods for identification and sensitivity testing limits the reporting of this rare but important pathogen in hospital settings. Detailed research work and studies are needed in this direction to better understand this pathogen and its clinical manifestations for better patient outcome.

Determination of ESBL Production & Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Gunjal P. N. ◽  
Gunjal S. P.
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI), is defined as a disease caused by invasion of urinary tract by microorganisms. Majority of UTI cases are due to bacterial infection constitute about 95% of total UTI cases. About 80% of UTI cases are caused by E.coli producing extended spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates. In recent years limitations in treating infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms has increased. This study aims to determine ESBL production of E. coli cases from a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A total 358 midstream urine samples were collected by random sampling method during March 2015 to June 2018. Identification, antibiotic sensitivity testing, performed according to standard protocol following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2013. Screening for ESBL producing E.coli isolates performed using ceftazidime further confirmation done by phenotypic disc diffusion test using combined disc method using ceftazidime (30µg) & ceftazidime/ clavulanic acid (30/10 µg) as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Total 358 specimens processed for urine culture. Gram negative bacilli isolated from 123(34.35 %), out of which 68 (55.28%) were E.coli, 19 (15.44%) K. pneumoniae, 15 (12.19%), Pseudomonas spp. 08 (6.50%), Citrobacter spp and Acinetobacter spp, 03 (2.43%), Proteus mirabilis, 01 (0.81%) Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter respectively. Out of 68 isolates of E.coli, 65 (95.58%) were MDR, ESBL was detected in 31 (47.69%) out of these 65 isolates. Out of these 31 cases 19 (61.29%) were female and 12 (38.70%) were male cases. Conclusion: This study concludes 47.69% ESBL producing MDR E. coli were isolated from UTI cases with female predominance.

scholarly journals The study of antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Abha Singh ◽  
Avinashi Kujur ◽  
Muthu Lakshmi M. ◽  
Abha Daharwal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
The Cost

Background: present study is done to study the antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection. Objectives of this study were to study the bacterial etiology of CAUTI, to study the prevalence of various bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection, the antibiogram (sensitivity and resistance) pattern of isolated bacteria and the percentage of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the study population.Methods: In this prospective observational study, under aseptic precautions, urine sample was taken after 48 hours of catheterization and sent for culture and sensitivity pattern is studied.Results: In this study 500 urine samples were cultured and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern was observed. Out of the 53 culture positive samples most the subjects had asymptomatic bacteriuria. The study gave the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) to be 10.6% and about 9% were polymicrobial. In this study about 7 causative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli were the most common organism that was isolated. On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate, it has been observed that all of them are multidrug resistant and the sensitivity pattern is migrating towards higher antibiotics.Conclusions: Empirical use of antibiotics must be avoided and antibiotics must be used only after sensitivity testing. This will help in selection of the appropriate antibiotic for therapeutic use and prevent indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics. This will also improve the cost efficiency and decrease the duration of hospital stay.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from milk of highly productive dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Living Bacterium ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a free-living bacterium that is conditionally pathogenic in natural conditions, but when ingested by an animal can cause severe infectious diseases, depending on the location and stage of infection, increasing the time of convalescence. It is naturally resistant to a number of widely used antibacterial drugs: fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol; it is capable of forming a biofilm. The aim of this work was to assess the level of sensitivity of strains isolated from cow's milk to the main groups of antibiotics with clinically significant anti-pseudomonasal activities. The work provides microbiological monitoring data for 2020-2021. During this period, 350 milk samples were taken from Holstinized black-and-white cows of the dairy direction of various lactation ages. All isolates were characterized by generally accepted phenotypic methods, with confirmation of biochemical properties. A number of antibiotics selected in this work comply with the recommendations of EUCAST. Sensitivity testing of the isolated strains was carried out by the disco-diffuse method. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 69 milk samples, which accounted for 19.7% of the total number of milk samples. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was isolated as a monoculture in 42.03% of cases, in association with gram (-) bacteria in 20.29% and gram (+) in 37.68%. The percentage of pigmented strains in our work was 98.55% of all isolated strains, and 1.45% of poorly pigmented. During the research work, it was found that more than 90% of the strains were resistant to cefepime, the rest showed partial resistance. Therefore, it can be recommended for use only after a correction for sensitivity to this drug. The aminoglycoside group drugs, amikacin and gentamicin, had the highest activity - over 90% against the isolated Ps.a. strains. The results obtained indicate that the isolated strains of Ps.a. they showed high resistance to representatives of the cephalosporin group, which is also increasing with respect to fluoroquinolones, which is a serious problem in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The occurrence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella nagoya and other serovars in healthy commercial layers in Ilorin, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha ◽  
Raufu A. Ibrahim ◽  
Yemisi O. Adesiji ◽  
Annamari Heikinheimo ◽  
Victoria O. Adetunji
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Significant Difference

The occurrence of drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) in poultry has serious economic implications for the poultry industry and has the potential to cause human Salmonellosis. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the circulating serovars of NTS and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in poultry in Ilorin. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2015. A total of 420 samples (cloacal, n=140; fecal, n=140; feed, n=70, and water, n=70) were aseptically collected from live adult birds from 14 farms using a systematic random sampling technique. Salmonella was isolated using the ISO 6579 method. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of NTS serovars was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc – diffusion method and interpreted using the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values. The prevalence of NTS in poultry was 7.4% (n=31). Feed samples were the most contaminated samples (42%, n=13/31). Faecal sample (32%, n=10/31), cloacal swabs (19.5%, n= 6/31), and water samples (6.5%, n=2/31) also contained NTS. There was a significant difference between NTS isolation rates between farms (p<0.05). Only 21 isolates purposively selected across farms and sample types were serotyped. Salmonella nagoya was the most prevalent (52%, n=11/21). Other serovars were Salmonella brijbhumi (5%, n=1/21); Salmonella enteritidis (5%, n=1/21); and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 6, 8: z4 (19%, n=4/21). Four isolates (19%) were untypable. All isolates showed multidrug resistance. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (82.3%) and tetracycline (76.5%). Some isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (23.5%) and ciprofloxacin (29.4%). The occurrence of multidrug-resistant salmonella isolates is considered a critical public health threat that requires urgent global action. There is a need for a coordinated national salmonella surveillance program in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1338-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola Ellen Akindolire ◽  
Olukemi Tongo ◽  
Hannah Dada-Adegbola ◽  
Olusegun Akinyinka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
University College ◽  
The University ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Introduction: Neonatal septicemia remains a major cause of newborn deaths in developing countries. Its burden is further compounded by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which is related to a lack of antibiotic protocols resulting in unrestricted use of antibiotics. The absence of reliable antibiotic sensitivity testing makes the formulation of antibiotic guidelines and judicious use of antibiotics difficult. This study sought to identify the current bacterial agents associated with early onset septicemia (EOS; age <72 hours) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 202 inborn and outborn neonates with risk factors for or clinical features of septicemia in the first 72 hours of life had samples for blood cultures and antibiotic sensitivity patterns taken prior to treatment. Results: Of the subjects, 95 (47.0%) were inborn and 107 (53.0%) outborn, with a M:F ratio of 1.3:1; 12.5% were culture positive, and the prevalence of EOS was 8.8/1,000 live births. The isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (52%), 30.7% of which were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8%), Enterococcus spp. (8%), Eschericia coli (4%), and other Gram-negatives (12%). All the isolates except Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, and third-generation cephalosporins. All MRSA were sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, while all methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest cause of EOS in our setting, with 30.7% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates being MRSA. Only MRSA demonstrated multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of blaGES-5 and bla veb-1 genes with multidrug-resistant extend, pandrug resistance patterns (MDR, XDR, PDR), and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Fattma A. Ali ◽  
Sevan Hassan Bakir ◽  
Sayran Hamed Haji ◽  
Bashdar M. Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Vitek 2

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous microorganism that is difficult to treat due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance patterns. A total of 227 samples were taken from different clinical samples during the study period from January 2018 to December 2018. The isolates were identified with antibiotic sensitivity testing with ESBL by the Vitek-2 automated method. MDR, XDR, and PDR were determined. 40 (17.6%) isolates were positive for P. aeruginosa, maximum of ESBL and MBL. Positive isolates were detected in the burn, coexisting ESBL + MBL enzymes in 21 (52.5%) of our isolates. Imipenem followed by Meropenem were found to be effective against ESBL and MBL producers. Resistance was reached between 72-100% to 5 antibiotics. The frequency of PDR, MDR, and XDR were 5%, 50%, and 45%, respectively. The frequency of co-production between MDR, XDR, and PDR with MBL, ESBL, and Biofilm was 35%, 12.5% and 5%, respectively. Among the ESBLs, the frequency of distribution of bla VEB-1gene and blaGES-5 gene was 50% and 40 %, respectively. Bacterial isolates simultaneously carrying blaVEB-1 gene with multiple ?-lactamases of different classes of biofilm, MDR, PDR, and XDR as same as a coexisting blaGES-5 gene. One isolate was detected as new isolates registered in global gene bank as locally P. aeruginosa isolates in Erbil city (LOCUS MN900953). The phylogenetic trees of the blaVEB gene isolates were demonstrated a genotype closely related to others, deposited in GenBank similar to the P. aeruginosa gene; gene sequencing revealed a 99% similarity with other isolates deposited in GenBank.

scholarly journals Emergence of Highly Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Infections Admitted to Public Hospitals in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sepide Namdari ◽  
Ali Farhadi ◽  
Aida Khademalhoseini ◽  
Abbas Behzad-Behbahani ◽  
Afsaneh Moaddeb
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms causing infections is increasing worldwide and becoming more serious in developing countries. Among those, Acinetobacter species are becoming prominent. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of antimicrobial resistance of the bacteria causing infections, Acinetobacter species in particular, in local public hospitals in Firuzabad, Fars province, Iran. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on different clinical specimens collected from patients who were suspected of infections hospitalized from March 2016 to March 2019 in local hospitals of Firuzabad, Fars province, Iran. The bacterial isolates were identified following standard microbiological methods. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were used to identify the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. Results. Overall, 1778 bacterial etiologies were isolated from 1533 patients diagnosed with infection. Of these, 1401 (78.8%) were Gram-negative and the remaining were Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella spp. (13.9%), and Acinetobacter species (10.4%) were the most common isolated bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity testing in this study showed a high resistance rate of Acinetobacter species to all antibiotics tested except Colistin. During the study period, the rate of infection with highly multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species increased from 7.2% to 13.3%. Conclusions. This study highlights the emergence of MDR bacterial agents such as Acinetobacter species as a new threat in our region. However, a decrease in the rate of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was noticeable.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Naqid ◽  
Amer A Balatay ◽  
Nawfal Rasheed Hussein ◽  
Kurdistan Abdullah Saeed ◽  
Hiba Abdulaziz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common causative agents of bacterial infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of E. coli from different samples. Methods: A total number of 454 clinical samples, including urine, wound, cervical swab, blood, semen, ascetic, and cerebral spinal fluid samples were collected from patients between January 2017 and February 2020. Then, E. coli was confirmed and susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Results: Escherichia coli isolates were more frequent in females (70.7%) than in males (29.3%). In the case of urine samples, E. coli was found to be highly susceptible to ertapenem (97.6%) and imipenem (96.4%) but resistant to ampicillin (87.8%). For wound and cervical swabs, E. coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin and cefepime but 100% sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. It was found that E. coli isolates from blood samples were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin, and around 75% of them were sensitive to ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Finally, E. coli isolated from other clinical samples were highly sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. However, the clinical isolates of E. coli displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Therefore, it is proposed to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing by physicians to select the most effective antibiotics.

Bacteria and Viral Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Children Attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Objectives of study are (1) to reinforce the national capacity for diagnosis and antibiogram of some infectious diseases causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and (2) to build a network between hospital and laboratory for the diagnosis and surveillance of SARI in Yangon. This study is a crosssectional hospital- and laboratory-based descriptive study. A total of 825 samples including respiratory samples and blood samples from 511 children attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital from December 2014 to April 2016 for treatment of SARI were included. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done using Vitek 2. Out of 129 gram-negative bacilli (GNB), K. pneumoniae 32%, P. aeruginosa 18%, A. baumannii 13%, E. coli 9% were mostly isolated. Among 35 gram-positive cocci (GPC), S. aureus 42% and S. pneumoniae 6% were mostly isolated. Multidrug resistance rates were E. coli 100%, K. pneumoniae 95%, A. baumanii 82% and P. aeruginosa 17%. Extended-spectrum beta-latamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli was 6 out of 10 tested organisms. Carbarpenemase-producing GNB and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 21% and 33%, respectively. Virology section tested 529 samples of 490 patients using the FTD33 Multiplex PCR method which can detect 33 pathogens including 20 viruses, 12 bacteria and 1 fungus. Out of 490 patients, 374 were PCR positive. Different types of samples including nasopharyngeal, throat, endotracheal and laryngeal swab, tracheal secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage, were tested. Out of 566 viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (19.3%), rhinovirus (17.0%), parechovirus (14.3%), bocavirus (11.1%), adenovirus (10.2%), metapneumo-virus A and B (10.2%), parainfluenza virus (5.7%), enterovirus (3.0%), influenza A virus (2.8%), coronavirus (4%), parainfluenza virus (0.9%) and influenza C virus (0.4%) were detected. This study highlighted the etiological agents of bacteria, viruses and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in SARI.

scholarly journals Spectral and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogens Isolated from Saudi Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Samiah Hamad S Al-Mijalli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a significant health issue and a common complication among patients with diabetes. To develop antibiotic therapy for these high-risk patients, the current study evaluates the scope of DFIs and identifies the causing microbes. It also measures spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens isolated from adults with DFIs in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, a cross-sectional study was implemented and the baseline characteristics for 44 patients with DFIs were defined. Optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbiological techniques were utilized to culture specimens isolated from infected foot ulcers. The standard microbiological methods were employed to identify the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted following the procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results showed that 12 microorganisms were isolated from the participants’ diabetic foot ulcers. Staphylococcus Aureus was ranked first because it appeared in 29 (65.9%) cases. Streptococcus Agalactiae was ranked second and multi-microbial infections were also found. Most of the organisms were susceptible to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefalexin, but they were resistant to Methicillin, Gentamicin, and Ampicillin antibiotics. Staphylococcus Aureus was most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, while it was resistant to Methicillin. About 10% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. The study concludes that while Vancomycin should be used empirically for Gram-positive isolates, Ciprofloxacin can be taken into consideration for most of the Gram-negatives aerobes. Based on including various microorganisms and the advent of multidrug-resistant strains, proper culture and sensitivity testing are necessary prior to the empirical therapy.

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