Investigation of Salivary RANKL and OPG Levels in Periodontitis Patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Abstract Background This study was aimed to determine the levels of salivary receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its association with periodontal status among periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was designed and performed at the Dental Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Random sampling was employed to identify 88 participants into three groups: 30 mild periodontitis, 30 moderate to severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. Periodontal parameters: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque score (PS), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. In total, 4 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine the levels of salivary RANKL and OPG proteins by using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 24.0. Results Mean values for PPD (5.3 ± 0.5) and CAL (5.6 ± 0.5) were observed higher for moderate to severe periodontitis as compared with values (4.4 ± 0.2) (4.5 ± 0.2) in mild periodontitis patients. The mean salivary RANKL and OPG was 0.23 ± 0.07 ng/mL and 1.78 ± 0.70 ng/mL respectively in moderate to severe periodontitis. Only salivary RANKL levels were significantly and positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal parameters. Conclusion The levels of salivary RANKL were higher as opposed to lower OPG levels in periodontitis patients in contrast to healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. RANKL levels were significantly associated with the periodontal parameters. Therefore, we can conclude that RANKL can potentially aid as an adjunctive diagnostic protein in evaluating periodontal disease.

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Detection of Salivary miRNAs Reflecting Chronic Periodontitis: A Pilot Study

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24061034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kohei Fujimori ◽

Toshiki Yoneda ◽

Takaaki Tomofuji ◽

Daisuke Ekuni ◽

Tetsuji Azuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Severe Periodontitis ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Unstimulated Whole Saliva

The purpose of this cross-sectional pilot study was to find salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) reflecting periodontal condition in chronic periodontitis. One hundred and twenty chronic periodontitis patients (mean age, 68.4 years) participated in the study, from whom unstimulated whole saliva was collected. A multiphase study was conducted to explore salivary miRNAs as biomarkers of periodontitis. At first, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was performed to compare salivary miRNAs profiles in no and mild (no/mild) and severe periodontitis patients. Next, the relative expression of salivary miRNAs on individual samples was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The numbers (%) of patients were 26 (21.6%, no/mild), 58 (48.3%, moderate) and 36 (30.0%, severe), respectively. Among 84 miRNAs, only the relative expression of hsa-miR-381-3p in the severe periodontitis group was significantly higher than that of the no/mild periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Among the 120 patients, there was also a significant correlation between the relative expression of hsa-miR-381-3p and the mean probing pocket depth (PPD) (r = 0.181, p < 0.05). Salivary hsa-miR-381-3p was correlated with periodontitis condition in chronic periodontitis patients.

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Factors Associated with Severe Periodontitis in Rural Cambodia

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053950401600109 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 50-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Amarasena ◽

N. Ikeda ◽

K.K.S. Win ◽

Y. Yamaguchi ◽

T. Takehara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Severe Periodontitis ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

The Impact

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 812 subjects aged 35-74 years in Prek Russey commune, Cambodia to detect some factors associated with severe periodontitis. Four calibrated examiners employed Community Periodontal Index (CPI) to ascertain periodontal pocket depth (PD) and loss of epithelial attachment (LA). A questionnaire was used to obtain tobacco and alcohol consumption habits. One hundred (12.3%) subjects had one or more sextants with ≥ 4mm PD and ≥ 6mm LA (severe periodontitis). Smoking, tobacco chewing and age were significantly associated with severe periodontitis in bivariate analysis while only age and quantified smoking remained significant in a logistic regression analysis. The impact of quantified smoking on severe periodontitis was almost negligible [OR: 1.0006 (95% CI: 1.0001, 1.001)] compared to that of age [OR ranged from 8.3 at 45-54 years to 22 at 65-74 years (95% CI: 3.1, 62.3)]. Nevertheless, both age and quantified smoking can be considered as factors associated with severe periodontitis in rural Cambodians. Asia Pac J Public Health 2004; 16(1): 50-53.

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Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Periodontal Findings among 14 to 15-Year Old Danish Adolescents: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1054

Author(s):

Anne Birkeholm Jensen ◽

Flemming Isidor ◽

Marianne Lund ◽

Michael Væth ◽

Anders Johansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plaque Score ◽

Probing Pocket Depth

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis in adolescents. The knowledge on the prevalence of Aa and periodontitis among adolescents in Northern Europe is sparse. A total of 525 14- to 15-year-old adolescents from the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, underwent a full-mouth clinical examination. Plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples (SPS) and stimulated saliva samples (SSS) were collected and analyzed for the presence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of Aa using real-time PCR. A total of 70 (13.3%) individuals were positive for Aa, with 17 found in SPS, 19 in SSS, and 35 in both. The highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of Aa was not detected. The individuals positive for Aa in both SPS and SSS had poorer periodontal outcomes (PPD and CAL) than individuals without Aa and individuals carrying Aa in either SPS or SSS only. In conclusion, 13% of 14- to 15-year-old Danish adolescents were positive for Aa, and the presence of Aa in both SPS and SSS was associated with poorer periodontal outcomes.

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Fluoride in Dental Biofilm Varies across Intra-Oral Regions

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000475510 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 402-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Line Staun Larsen ◽

Vibeke Baelum ◽

Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽

Alan Richards ◽

Bente Nyvad

Keyword(s):

Sampling Site ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anterior Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Biofilm Fluid ◽

Fluoride Distribution ◽

Unstimulated Whole Saliva

Information on differences in biofilm fluoride concentration across intra-oral regions may help explain the distribution of caries within the dentition. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the fluoride concentration in saliva and in biofilm fluid and biofilm solids across 6 intra-oral regions. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 42 participants and biofilm harvested from the buccal sites in the 4 molar and 2 anterior regions. Samples were collected at least 1 h after use of fluoride dentifrice. No attempt was made to control the participants' food consumption or use of other topical agents. Centrifuged saliva, biofilm fluid, and biofilm solids were analysed for fluoride using a fluoride ion-selective electrode, adapted for microanalysis. Fluoride in biofilm varied across intra-oral regions. The mean biofilm fluid fluoride concentrations across the oral cavity ranged from 11.6 to 16.8 µM, being statistically significantly higher in the upper anterior region than in any other region. In all regions the fluoride concentration in biofilm fluid was higher than in saliva. For biofilm solids the fluoride concentration was highest in the lower anterior region (2,461 μmol/kg) and lowest in the lower molar regions (388 and 406 μmol/kg, respectively). Within biofilm, the solids contained most of the fluoride (81 to >99%). The biofilm fluid fluoride concentration was significantly positively associated with salivary fluoride and only marginally associated with that of biofilm solids. In conclusion, this study has shown pronounced differences in fluoride distribution across intra-oral regions and compartments. This shows that the sampling site is a crucial factor for studies of biofilm fluoride.

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Identification of Subgingival Periodontal Pathogens and Association with the Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/370314 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fidan Bahtiar Ismail ◽

Gener Ismail ◽

Anca Silvia Dumitriu ◽

Catalin Baston ◽

Vlad Berbecar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Medical File ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Background. The aim of our study was to assess the subgingival profile of 9 periodontal pathogens, by means of real-time PCR, in a group of predialysis chronic kidney disease patients with and without periodontal disease and to identify the risk factors associated with periodontal disease in these patients.Material and Methods. This is a single centre cross-sectional cohort study performed on 70 CKD patients. Patients received a full-mouth periodontal examination and the following parameters were assessed: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index; subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket of each quadrant and were pooled in one transporting unit. Clinical data were drawn from the medical file of the patients.Results.T. denticola(P=0.001),T. forsythia(P<0.001), andP. micros(P=0.003) are significantly associated with periodontal disease in CKD subjects but in a multivariate model only age andT. forsythiaremain independent risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with CKD.Conclusions. In our cohort, age andT. forsythiaare independently associated with periodontitis in CKD patients. Within the limits of this study, CKD was not significantly associated with a particular subgingival periodontal pathogens profile in periodontitis patients.

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Unstimulated Whole Saliva Cortisol Levels during Ramadan in Iranian Muslims

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1540 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 341-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah ◽

Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Saliva Cortisol ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Unstimulated Whole Saliva

ABSTRACT Aims Ramadan is a great opportunity for scientific research due to its peculiar nature. This study was designed to investigate whether morning saliva cortisol pick can change during and after Ramadan compared to before it. Materials and methods A total of 30 healthy volunteer men (aged between 30 and 76 years) were asked to participate in a cross-sectional study between August 12 and September 10, 2010. Saliva was collected 2 weeks before the beginning of Ramadan (BR), during the first week (R1), middle (R2), the last week (R3) of Ramadan and 3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). Cortisol concentration was analyzed by ELISA. Statistical analysis of one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results The mean unstimulated saliva cortisol concentration and its output were significantly higher in the BR than during and after Ramadan. Conclusion Mean saliva cortisol concentration and its output tended to be lower during and 3 weeks after Ramadan. Clinical significance Cortisol as a stress hormone seems to be low during Ramadan. How to cite this article Vasaghi-Gharamaleki B, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Unstimulated Whole Saliva Cortisol Levels during Ramadan in Iranian Muslims. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):341-344.

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ICP-Mass-Spectrometry Ionic Profile of Whole Saliva in Patients with Untreated and Treated Periodontitis

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8090354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 354

Author(s):

Federica Romano ◽

Alexandra Castiblanco ◽

Francesca Spadotto ◽

Federica Di Scipio ◽

Mery Malandrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Severe Periodontitis ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Icp Mass Spectrometry

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the association between macro and trace minerals in body fluids and systemic diseases related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Due to the paucity of data in the literature on periodontitis, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mineral elements in saliva and periodontal status in patients with untreated and treated periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy controls. Salivary samples from 66 nonsmoker healthy patients (20 periodontally healthy, 24 untreated severe periodontitis and 22 treated severe periodontitis) were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant increases in copper (Cu), sodium (Na), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations occurred in saliva of severe periodontitis subjects compared to periodontally healthy controls. No differences were detected between healthy controls and treated periodontitis patients apart from levels of zinc (Zn) and lithium (Li) that were found to be increased and reduced, respectively, in periodontitis group. Most subjects were correctly separated by cluster analysis into active periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. Treated periodontitis individuals were classified as healthy subjects. Based on these preliminary results, the assessment of salivary concentration of mineral elements might be useful in discriminating periodontal health and disease.

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Prevalence of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in a Sample of the Adult Egyptian Population

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 554-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Basma Mostafa ◽

Ibrahim El-Refai

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Plaque Control ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

AIM: The aim of this cross-sectional study is recording the prevalence and evaluation of the severity of plaque-induced gingival inflammation among a sample of the adult Egyptian population.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred and twenty-five subjects in this contemplate were seen from patients visiting the diagnostic clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. The gingival and plaque indices for each patient diagnosed as having plaque-induced gingivitis were recorded. The pocket depth was also measured.RESULTS: The incidence of gingivitis was 100% amid adult subjects with an age range between 18-45 years. The average plaque index (PI) was 1.05 ± 0.43, which reflects relatively superior plaque control of the participants. The mean gingival index (GI) was 1.66 ± 0.40, which reflects the presence of moderate gingival inflammation. PD mean values confirmed limitation of inflammation to the gingiva. The sex was correlated to the condition of the inflamed gingiva (p = 0.014) and the quantity of biofilm build-up (p = 0.003). Females were less affected than males (p = 0.005).CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this contemplate demonstrated that biofilm build-up is stoutly accompanied with elevated incidence of modest to rigorous gingivitis amid adult Egyptian individuals.

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The Effect of Periodontal and Peri-Implanter Health on IL-1β and TNF-α Levels in Gingival Crevicular and Peri-Implanter Sulcus Fluid: a Cross-Sectional Study

Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.15517/ijds.2021.44071 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 346-355

Author(s):

Hasan Gündoğar ◽

Meral Uzunkaya

Keyword(s):

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Marginal Bone Loss ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Program Sample

It is stated that peri-implanter diseases have destructive effects similar to periodontal diseases. This study aims to compare IL-1β and TNF-α levels in healthy and diseased areas. Forty non-smokers systemically health individuals (40 implants/40 teeth) (age:38-67) were included in the study. In clinical and radiographic examinations; plaque index (PIn), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) values were recorded. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implanter sulcus fluids (PISF) of the patients were collected, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA in the samples. The collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS v.22 package program. Sample PPD score showed a statistically significant difference between the diseased and healthy groups and also sample CAL showed statistically significant higher in Periodontitis(P) compared to periodontally heathy(H) and Gingivitis(G) (p>0.05). IL-1beta and TNF-α levels in GCF/PISF; In the P and Peri-implantitis (PI) group, it was found statistically significantly higher than the H, Healthy-Implant (HI), besides P showed higher levels compared to G (p<0.05). Within the limitations of our study, it can be said that IL-1β and TNF-α among inflammatory cytokines in GCF/PISF will increase in periodontal and peri-implanter diseases, it can also be said that this increase in cytokines may indicate that periodontal and peri-implanter diseases have similar immunological structure. Peri-implant mucositis without periodontitis history has similarity to peri-implantitis and periodontitis in terms of IL-1β and TNF-α levels in GCF/PISF.

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Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546520987819 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652098781

Author(s):

Mathias Paiva ◽

Lars Blønd ◽

Per Hölmich ◽

Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod

Keyword(s):

Trochlear Dysplasia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Tibial Tubercle ◽

Control Group ◽

Trochlear Groove ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

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