Effects of Moxibustion on Central Fatigue in Rats Subjected to Different Degrees of Exhaustive Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-lei Liang ◽  
Xiao-kang Xu ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Zhong-qiu Wu ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
10Th Trial

Abstract Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on central fatigue in rats subjected to different degrees of exhaustive exercise. Methods The exhaustive exercise model was established through repeated trials of swimming. Ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: a control group (n=32) that did not undergo the exercise routine, an untreated group (n=32) that received no treatment after exercise, and a moxibustion group (n=32) that received a mild dose of moxibustion at “Shénquè” (CV 8) for 15 min after exercise. Rats in each group were randomly and equally divided into 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th trial subgroups according to exercise duration. The levels of hippocampal tissue monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Dopamine(DA) and free radicals Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured after the exhaustive exercise protocol for each group. Results The exhaustive duration of rats in the 4th trial untreated subgroup was significantly longer than the 1st trial untreated subgroup, while the 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were significantly shorter than the 1st trial untreated subgroup. The 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were longer than the corresponding untreated subgroups. Compared with the control group, the levels of 5-HT and MDA in rat brains for each untreated subgroup were higher and the GSH-Px levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were lower. The levels of brain DA and SOD in rats from the 1st trial untreated subgroup were significantly higher than controls and then decreased. The 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were significantly lower. Compared with the corresponding untreated subgroups, the levels of rat brain 5-HT in the 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were decreased, the MDA levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were decreased, and the DA,SOD, GSH-Px levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were increased. Conclusions Moxibustion relieved exercise-induced central fatigue in long-term exercise by reducing the levels of 5-HT and MDA while increasing the levels of DA, SOD, and GSH-Px, effectively extending the duration of the exhaustive exercise.

scholarly journals PO-147 Effect of Exercise-induced Fatigue on the Electrical Activity of the External Globus Pallidus Neurons in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Lijuan Hou ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

Objective The motor cortex (MC) stimulation-induced unitary responses of globus pallidus external segment (GPe) neurons in control and exercise induced-fatigue rats were recorded in vivo to examine the role of cortical-striatum-external globus pallidal pathway in the mechanism of central fatigue. Methods 32 Clean healthy male Wistar rats (260~300g), were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (Control), 1-day fatigue group (1FG), 3-day fatigue group (3FG) and 7-day fatigue group (7FG). Rats were subjected to a 5-day adaptive treadmill training. Modified Bedford treadmill exercise with progressively increasing load was used to creat the exercise fatigue model. （3 levels:8.2 m/min, 15 min; 15m/min, 15 min; 20 m/min, lasting till exhaustion） The spontaneous unit activity and responses to MC stimulation of GPe neurons were recorded by the electrophysiological technique of extracellular recording of glass microelectrodes. Results The results showed that the firing frequency of high-frequency firing with pause (HFP) and low frequency firing with burst (LFB) in the GPe of 1FG was comparable with that of control group (P>0.05). However in 3FG and 7FG , the percentage of HFP neuron was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the proportion of LFB was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the average firing rate of LFB was higher and inter spike intervals (ISI) was significantly lower than that of the control group. With 200μA electrical stimulation, the explosive discharge of GPe neurons was attenuated after fatigue in rats. The response of GPe neurons to variable frequency stimulation in exhausted model groups was stronger than that of the control group.MC-stimulation typically induced a triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation in GPe neurons. The population of neurons showing a short inhibition slightly increased in 3FG and 7FG. Conclusions 1. The results confirmed that GPe is an important nucleus of basal ganglia involved in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue by the change of spontaneous activity. Electrical stimulation on the cortex can alter response patterns of GPe neurons in exercise-induced fatigue rats, the results confirmed that the Ctx-Str-GPe neural pathway is involved in the regulation of exercise fatigue, and the indirect pathway is over-activated.

scholarly journals Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Martarelli ◽  
Mario Cocchioni ◽  
Stefania Scuri ◽  
Pierluigi Pompei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Stress Pathway

Diaphragmatic breathing is relaxing and therapeutic, reduces stress, and is a fundamental procedure of Pranayama Yoga, Zen, transcendental meditation and other meditation practices. Analysis of oxidative stress levels in people who meditate indicated that meditation correlates with lower oxidative stress levels, lower cortisol levels and higher melatonin levels. It is known that cortisol inhibits enzymes responsible for the antioxidant activity of cells and that melatonin is a strong antioxidant; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and the putative role of cortisol and melatonin hormones in this stress pathway. We monitored 16 athletes during an exhaustive training session. After the exercise, athletes were divided in two equivalent groups of eight subjects. Subjects of the studied group spent 1 h relaxing performing diaphragmatic breathing and concentrating on their breath in a quiet place. The other eight subjects, representing the control group, spent the same time sitting in an equivalent quite place. Results demonstrate that relaxation induced by diaphragmatic breathing increases the antioxidant defense status in athletes after exhaustive exercise. These effects correlate with the concomitant decrease in cortisol and the increase in melatonin. The consequence is a lower level of oxidative stress, which suggests that an appropriate diaphragmatic breathing could protect athletes from long-term adverse effects of free radicals.

scholarly journals The subchronic toxic effects of Mosla Chinensis Maxim in normal rats.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Lei ◽  
Longxue Li ◽  
Shenghong Huang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Pingdong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract Background: The aim of this work was to study the toxic effects and target organs of Mosla Chinensis Maxim (MCM) in rats and provide theoretical basis for clinical medication.Methods: The subchronic toxicity study was conducted on 60 male and female SD rats using the fixed-dose method for the treatment group and 20 male and female SD rats for the control. At the subchronic toxicity study, the water extract of MCM with fixed-dose of 0.2g/kg/day, 2g/kg/day and 20g/kg/day was administered for 90 days intragastric, and the control group was given the same amount of distilled water. After 90 days, the general conditions of the rats were observed. Assesment on safety of the extract was conducted by a subchronic toxicity test which mainly examined alteration occured in gut flora and urine metabolism. Results: The results showed that there were no significant toxic effects observed at all doses on physical sign and reactivity and fecal property of rats in the treatment groups had no obvious difference from those in control group. The results of routine blood test showed that the number of red blood cells in the male medium dose group and the female low dose group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The results of serum biochemical indicators test showed that MCM had influence on the indicators of liver and kidney function, but it had no toxicological significance. In terms of glucose and lipid metabolism, the LDL level of male rats was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, GLU level of female rats in the low, medium and high dose groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), indicating that long-term administration of MCM would affect the glucose level of female rats. The results of intestinal flora diversity showed that feeding MCM for 90 days had an impact on the distribution of intestinal flora. The content of lactobacillus increased and the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) was also affected, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: These findings showed that the long-term intragastric administration of the MCM is safe to use within its dose recommendation. But it could have slight affect the metabolism of uric acid by changing the composition of intestinal flora and affecting the metabolism of tryptophan.

Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Supplementation Prevents Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Apoptosis in Mice Liver

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Rong Yu ◽  
Shan Ma ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Mice Liver ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Liver Tissues

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLP) supplementation on exhaustive exercise-induced apoptosis in mice liver. The mice were randomly divided into four groups of ten per group. One of the groups was the control group, the others were GLP treated groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). Exhaustive swimming exercise of mice were carried out after 28 days of GLP administration, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the liver tissues were determined. The data showed that GLP supplementation was able to up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, down-regulate the expression of Bax proteins. The results suggest that GLP supplementation prevents exhaustive exercise-induced apoptosis.

The Effects of Polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Supplementation on Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Fatigue

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Chang Jun Li ◽  
Ang Li
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present study aimed to determine the effects of polysaccharides from Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (PGP) supplementation on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in mice. The mice were divided into four experimental groups at random, i.e. control, low-dose PGP, medium-dose PGP, and high-dose PGP treatment groups. An oral administration of distilled water was given to the mice in the control group, and different doses of PGP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) were given to the mice in the treatment groups. After 28 days, the weight-loaded swimming test was performed, along with the determination of blood biochemical parameters, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents. The results indicated that PGP supplementation had anti-fatigue effects, which could make mice swim for a longer time to exhaustion, with the blood lactic acid, serum urea nitrogen, serum triglycerides, and serum creatine kinase contents decreased, and the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents increased.

scholarly journals Effects of different durations of exercise on macrophage functions in mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Sugiura ◽  
Hiroko Sugiura ◽  
Hiroyuki Nishida ◽  
Ryoichi Inaba ◽  
S. M. Mirbod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

The effects of differing durations of daily exercise on macrophage functions in mice were studied. Male ICR mice aged 4 wk were divided into five groups: a nonexercise group (control) and four exercise groups with differing daily exercise durations of 15–120 min (Exr groups). The exercise applied was 5 days/wk treadmill running at 13 m/min for 12 wk. The potentiation of the phagocytosis function of the reticuloendothelial system and the glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages in the Exr 30, 60, and 120 groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. Superoxide anion production of peritoneal macrophages in both the absence and the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in the Exr 60 and 120 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase activities of peritoneal macrophages in the Exr 30, 60, and 120 groups were significantly increased. These results suggest that treadmill running exercise for at least 30 min/day (30–120 min) effectively enhances macrophage functions in mice. These data provide preliminary evidence indicating that chronic exercise-induced increases in phagocytic activity exhibit a dose-dependent relationship with exercise duration.

Acute-Exercise-Induced Alterations in Calpain and Calpastatin Expression in Rat Muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Wang ◽  
Ligong Duan ◽  
Xukun Li ◽  
Guoping Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calpain Activity ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Exercise Induced

Context:Calpains and calpastatin can degrade muscle proteins, but no research has investigated the expression pattern of calpains and calpastatin after exhaustive exercise.Objective:To investigate the alterations in expression of μ-, m-, and n-calpain and calpastatin after exhaustive exercise and its association with muscle injury.Method:64 rats divided into 2 groups, a nonexercise control group and an acute-exhaustive-exercise (AEE) group. Biopsies in the AEE group were taken at different times after exercise.Results:Calpastatin protein expression and m-calpain activity increased early after exercise, but both n-calpain protein expression and μ-calpain activity generally decreased with time. n-Calpain mRNA expression was down- regulated from late after exercise.Conclusions:The increased m-calpain activity might promote muscle-protein degradation and muscle injury. On the contrary, calpastatin might execute a protective function against muscle injury. The change in p-calpain activity was found earlier than muscle injury and therefore might serve as a useful predictor of muscle injury.

scholarly journals PO-253 Study on the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanru Hu
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced

Objective To observe the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise, and thus to reveal the possible mechanism underlying exercise induced central fatigue. Methods 8 weeks old male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. By using local field potentials recording technique, the dynamic changes of neural activity in rats ventrolateralthalamus (VL) were observed during the exhaustive exercise. The changes of NR2B and GABAAa-1 receptor expression level in rats VL before , immediately after and 90 min after exhaustive exercise were also observed. Results The changes of neural activity in rats VL demonstrated obvious phasic features. During automatic exercise phase, the frequency of neural activity increased, the amplitude decreased, activity of α wave increased significantly (P<0.05), the power spectrum gravity frequency increased significantly (P<0.05), these changes indicate the increased neuronal excitability. During early fatigue and exhaustion phases, the frequency of neural activity decreased, the amplitude increased, activity of δ and θ wave increased significantly (P<0.05). The power spectrum gravity frequency decreased significantly (P<0.05), this indicates the decreased neuronal excitability. The expression of GABAAa-1 receptors increased significantly (P<0.05) at timepoint of exhaustion and 90min after exhaustion compared with that of rest phase. Conclusions As the relaying nucleus of ‘basal ganglia- thalamus-cortex’ pathway, changes of neural activity in VL is one of the important factors inducing development of fatigue and decrease of exercise performance. Changes of GABAAa-1 receptor expression may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to the change of neuronal excitability in VL.  

scholarly journals PO-275 Effect of acute photobiomodulation treatment on the recovery of exhaustive exercise-induced motor dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luodan Yang ◽  
Chongyun Wu ◽  
Mengyun Xiao ◽  
Guangcong Peng ◽  
Quanguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Exercise Induced

Objective Photobiomodulation (PBM), originally known as “low-level laser therapy”, has been recognized as an effective methond to relieve pain, reduce inflammtion and improve healing. PBM induces photobiological effect at the the cellular level without thermal and toxic effects. Currently, PBM study on muscle recovery after exercise mainly focouses on the changes of molecular and immunological parameters. This study was designed to analyze the effect of acute PBM treatment on exhaustive exercise-induced behaviorial changes. Methods 1. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8, each group): Control group without exhaustive exercise (Cont), Exhaustive exercise group (EE) and acute PBM treatment group (APBM). Acute PBM were conducted immediately using a diode laser with continuous wave (CW) at 808 nm (350 mW/cm2) after exhaustive exercise. Each paws were treated using PBM for 2 minutes. Grisp test were performed 24 hours after exhaustive exercise. The grisp strength score and the hanging time on the rope were recorded and analyzed using Sigmastat. Results 1. Signficant decreases of the grisp strength score and the hanging time were observed in the EE group compared with control group. 2. The motor function in the acute PBM treatment group were significantly improved. Conclusions Acute photobiomodulation treatment with 808 nm laser can signicicantly enchance the recovery of exhaustive exercise-induced motor dysfunction .  

Cluster of erythrocyte band 3: a potential molecular target of exhaustive exercise-induced dysfunction of erythrocyte deformability

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlian Xiong ◽  
Yaojin Li ◽  
Yanlei Xiong ◽  
Yajin Zhao ◽  
Fuzhou Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band 3 ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rbc Deformability

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of exhaustive exercise on erythrocyte band 3 (SLC4A1; EB3). The association between the alterations of EB3 and red blood cell (RBC) deformability induced by exercise-induced dysfunction has been investigated. Rats were divided among 2 groups: (i) control (C), and (ii) exercise exhausted (E). RBC deformability was investigated in the rats in the exhaustive exercise and control groups. Erythrocytes from the control and exercise-exhausted groups were evaluated for the expression of erythrocyte band 3 through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Exhaustive exercise led to significant increments in the levels of clustering of erythrocyte band 3 along with the conjugation of membrane proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes (P < 0.05). Under shear stresses, RBC deformability was found to decline significantly in the exhaustive exercise groups compared with the control group. These data suggest that the RBC dysfunction observed during exercise-induced oxidative stress could be associated with alterations in the structure and function of erythrocyte band 3, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the rheological properties of RBCs. These results provide further insight into erythrocyte damage induced by exhaustive exercise.

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