Informed Spatial Decisions Through Coordinated Views

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrienko ◽  
Gennady Andrienko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Choice Phase ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Support Methods ◽  
Selection Of

According to a commonly accepted view, the process of decision making comprises three major phases: intelligence (situation analysis and problem recognition), design (finding possible variants of problem solution), and choice (evaluation of the options and selection of the most appropriate ones). It is widely recognised that exploratory data visualisation is very helpful during the first phase of the decision-making process, while the other phases require different software tools. In particular, the choice phase is typically supported by various computational methods that find appropriate trade-offs among multiple conflicting criteria taking into account user-specified priorities. Visualisation plays a limited role: in the best case, it is used to represent the final results of the computations. We argue that conscious, well-substantiated choice requires a more extensive use of exploratory visualisation facilities, which need to be properly coordinated with the computational multi-criteria decision support methods. Extremely important is a high degree of user interactivity, which allows the user to probe the robustness and quality of computationally derived solutions. We suggest several mechanisms for linking and coordinating visual exploratory tools with two types of computational methods differing in the sort of output they produce. We demonstrate the use of this dynamic link with an example of a real spatially related decision problem.

Multi-objective optimization for safety and reliability trade-off: Optimization and results processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-676
Author(s):  
Cristina Johansson ◽  
Johan Ölvander ◽  
Micael Derelöv
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Potential Issue ◽  
Selection Of

In early design phases, it is vital to be able to screen the design space for a set of promising design alternatives for further study. This article presents a method able to balance several objectives of different mathematical natures, with high impact on the design choices. The method (MOSART) handles multi-objective optimization for safety and reliability trade-offs. The article focuses on optimization problem approach and processing of results as a base for decision-making. The output of the optimization step is the selection of specific system elements obtaining the best balance between the targets. However, what is a good base for decision can easily transform into too much information and overloading of the decision-maker. To solve this potential issue, from a set of Pareto optimal solutions, a smaller sub-set of selected solutions are visualized and filtered out using preference levels of the objectives, yielding a solid base for decision-making and valuable information on potential solutions. Trends were observed regarding each system element and discussed while processing the results of the analysis, supporting the decision of one final best solution.

scholarly journals Decision Making Methods in Comparative Studies of Complex Economic Processes Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 652-664
Author(s):  
Kesra Nermend ◽  
Mateusz Piwowarski ◽  
Mariusz Borawski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Support Methods ◽  
Selection Of

In this study different methodological approaches are used and described by many features (indicators) of complex socio-economic process. Outcome of analysis has the most reliable and acceptable representation of the studied process specific to chosen case. In order to solve problems in this area (depending on the situation, case under consideration), methods from two groups are most often used: multidimensional comparative analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis. The first of these cases concern problems at the macro level (socio-economic development, demographic situation, population's living standards, etc.), in which the decisionmaker's participation is relatively small (eg the selection of diagnostic variables or expert assessment). The second of these groups include issues in which the decisionmaker's participation is significant which are subjective to the decisions taken and reflects his or her preferences. Among the decision support methods, one can also distinguish those that have both the characteristics of methods from the area of multidimensional comparative analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis. The article presents the combination of both trends exposing maximum possibilities of using selected methods used in the decision making by Polish schools. The general methodological assumptions, advantages of having approaches discussed (in relation to other known methods) as well as the applied aspects (exemplary applications) also presented.

scholarly journals Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccination Website using DISCERN and QUality Evaluation Scoring (QUEST) Tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Gajanan Prabhune ◽  
Aishwarya Mallavaram ◽  
Sachin Bhat ◽  
Samridhi Pandey ◽  
Ayesha Mehar Shagufta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Member States ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine registration website across UN-recognized member states for their portal quality, reliability, Ease Use and help to the general population in informed decision making.Methods: 12 UN member states (Countries) were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned in the methodology section of this paper. PPS technique was used for sampling and selection of 12 countries from 193 UN member states. Post selection of UN member states the study used 2 step evaluation techniques, Step 1 The DISCERN checklist consists of 16 questions in three sections and is aimed to assess the reliability of information and quality of information; Step 2 The QUEST tool consists of 6 items with a subitem, Authorship, Attribution, Conflict of Interest, Complementarity, Currency, Tone. The authors developed a standard set of instructions for evaluating Vaccination Portals to bring uniformity in understanding and context setting.Results: DISCERN tool overall reliability score on the Likert scale of 0 to 5 was 4 (SD ± 1.28). On Quality of information regarding treatment choices, the average score was 3.4 (SD ± 1.67). The QUEST tool on ease of use, concision, and comprehensiveness demonstrated an average score of 18.1 (SD ± 8.3) out of 28.The vaccine registration portal of the Czech Republic was found to be most informative and was able to provide a piece of scientifically valid information on safety, efficacy, long-term short effects, choice of vaccine with attributable authors details. India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, South Africa scored relatively low to missing critical information on the website. The United Arab Emirates, Republic of South Korea, Indonesia, Australia, and Argentina had minor elements missing.Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination portals vary in the quality of information and many were found unable to provide critical information for decision making on getting vaccinated

Artificial Intelligence in Aviation Industries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova ◽  
Arnold Sterenharz ◽  
Serge Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Sociotechnical System ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Difficult Situations

This chapter presents opportunities to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in aviation and aerospace industries. The AI used an innovative technology for improving the effectiveness of building aviation systems in each stage of the lifecycle for enhancing the security of aviation systems and the characteristic ability to learn, improve, and predict difficult situations. The AI is presented in Air Navigation Sociotechnical system (ANSTS) because the activity of ANSTS, is accompanied by a high degree of risk of causing catastrophic outcomes. The operator's models of decision making in AI systems are presented such as Expert Systems, Decision Support Systems for pilots of manned and unmanned aircraft, air traffic controllers, engineers, etc. The quality of operator's decisions depends on the development and use of innovative technology of AI and related fields (Big Data, Data Mining, Multicriteria Decision Analysis, Collaboration Decision Making, Blockchain, Artificial Neural Network, etc.).

Dynamic QoS-Aware Cloud Service Selection Using Best-Worst Method and Timeslot Weighted Satisfaction Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falak Nawaz ◽  
Naeem Khalid Janjua
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Selection ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Satisfaction Score ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Best Worst Method ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The number of cloud services has dramatically increased over the past few years. Consequently, finding a service with the most suitable quality of service (QoS) criteria matching the user’s requirements is becoming a challenging task. Although various decision-making methods have been proposed to help users to find their required cloud services, some uncertainties such as dynamic QoS variations hamper the users from employing such methods. Additionally, the current approaches use either static or average QoS values for cloud service selection and do not consider dynamic QoS variations. In this paper, we overcome this drawback by developing a broker-based approach for cloud service selection. In this approach, we use recently monitored QoS values to find a timeslot weighted satisfaction score that represents how well a service satisfies the user’s QoS requirements. The timeslot weighted satisfaction score is then used in Best-Worst Method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method, to rank the available cloud services. The proposed approach is validated using Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) cloud services performance data. The results show that the proposed approach leads to the selection of more suitable cloud services and is also efficient in terms of performance compared to the existing analytic hierarchy process-based cloud service selection approaches.

scholarly journals Electoral Reform and Trade-Offs in Representation

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL BECHER ◽  
IRENE MENÉNDEZ GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Electoral Reform ◽  
Electoral Institutions ◽  
Policy Responsiveness ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

We examine the effect of electoral institutions on two important features of representation that are often studied separately: policy responsiveness and the quality of legislators. Theoretically, we show that while a proportional electoral system is better than a majoritarian one at representing popular preferences in some contexts, this advantage can come at the price of undermining the selection of good politicians. To empirically assess the relevance of this trade-off, we analyze an unusually controlled electoral reform in Switzerland early in the twentieth century. To account for endogeneity, we exploit variation in the intensive margin of the reform, which introduced proportional representation, based on administrative constraints and data on voter preferences. A difference-in-difference analysis finds that higher reform intensity increases the policy congruence between legislators and the electorate and reduces legislative effort. Contemporary evidence from the European Parliament supports this conclusion.

scholarly journals Cold Chain Logistics Management of Medicine with an Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wen ◽  
Huchang Liao ◽  
Ruxue Ren ◽  
Chunguang Bai ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Ranking Of Alternatives ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of

Medicine is the main means to reduce cancer mortality. However, some medicines face various risks during transportation and storage due to the particularity of medicines, which must be kept at a low temperature to ensure their quality. In this regard, it is of great significance to evaluate and select drug cold chain logistics suppliers from different perspectives to ensure the quality of medicines and reduce the risks of transportation and storage. To solve such a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, this paper proposes an integrated model based on the combination of the SWARA (stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis) and CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) methods under the probabilistic linguistic environment. An adjustment coefficient is introduced to the SWARA method to derive criteria weights, and an improved CoCoSo method is proposed to determine the ranking of alternatives. The two methods are extended to the probabilistic linguistic environment to enhance the applicability of the two methods. A case study on the selection of drug cold chain logistics suppliers is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrated MCDM model. The advantages of the proposed methods are highlighted through comparative analyses.

scholarly journals Penentuan Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Pascasarjana Menggunakan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Febri Hadi ◽  
Dodi Guswandi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Postgraduate Student ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Selection Of

The decision-making system for the selection of new postgraduate student admissions which is carried out manually requires 7 days to submit the decision results. The selection is very important, so that the quality of input (input) of prospective students can be maintained in accordance with established standards. Therefore we need a system that can help in the decision making process quickly, precisely, and accurately. The purpose of this study is to help postgraduate master's study programs in conducting the selection of prospective graduate students in accordance with their abilities and disciplines. The method used in data processing using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, is a method of weighting the sum of the criteria values ​​of each alternative. The results of the decision in the form of ranking the number of values, based on the passing grade value that has been set> 0.70 declared passed, or <0.70 declared not passed.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Merek Beras yang Diminati Konsumen Studi Kasus CV Beras Alami Menggunakan AHP

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Agus Salim ◽  
Baginda Oloan Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Expert Choice ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Rice is one of the staple foods of society in general, the need for rice supply is increasing every year. The increasing population in the Jababeka area is a threat to staple food supplies. To determine the selection of Rice Brands, it takes rice criteria in order to determine the best quality of rice, and increase sales. So that it can meet consumer needs for rice. In the selection of rice brands at CV Beras Alami  uses a voting system, this is clearly less valid in its election because it is subjective. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used as a method for decision making, as a solution in selecting rice brands in CV Beras Alami. The Expert Choice application is used as a support system to facilitate the selection of rice brands that are in demand by consumers. The results can be known during the 2018 period that rice is widely consumed is Garuda Utama.

scholarly journals Goal Programming Techniques for the Selection of Optimal Syllabus to Improve Education System

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Kumari Surbhi ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
Education System ◽  
Multiple Objectives ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Multiple Objective ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

This research paper totally focused on improving the complexity of decision making on multiple objectives such as selection of subjects, area of study for better future, Industrial demands, and educational support in the selected area of job. These are the objectives faced by parents, students as well as teachers/professors. Education is the most powerful weapon for every country. Quality of education comes with outcome based study and collaboration with the industries. Here, the complexities in the system of decision making in setting up the optimal syllabus is solved by multiple objective programing called goal programming.

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