Use of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination associated with a simplified superovulation treatment for in vivo embryo production in sheep: a preliminary report

This study evaluated the reproductive performance of sheep that were subjected to superovulatory treatment and intrauterine insemination with two different doses of semen. The main objective was to determine whether intrauterine insemination is associated with higher rates of embryo recovery than existing procedures. In the first experiment 30 Ojalada de Soria ewes were used at the end of their productive life and nine younger ewes of the same breed were used in Experiment 2. Synchronisation of oestrus was conducted with intravaginal sponges and the superovulation treatment consisted of an intramuscular injection of 210 IU pFSH and 500 IU eCG administered 24 h before sponge removal. After 48 h of sponge withdrawal, ewes were inseminated by laparoscopy. They were divided into two groups: low dose group (LD, 25 × 106 sperm; n = 14 Expt 1 and n = 5 Expt 2) and high dose group (HD, 100 × 106 sperm; n = 14 Expt 1 and n = 4 Expt 2). Embryos were recovered 7 days after the onset of oestrus by laparotomy and uterine flushing. Two blood samples were collected in order to analyse cortisol, at sponge insertion and the day the embryos were recovered. The same protocol was repeated twice in Experiment 1, with an interval of 2 months between two consecutive treatments. Results show a significant effect of the number of recovery on ovulation rate (21.7 ± 2.2 v. 11.8 ± 1.1 corpora lutea for first and second recoveries, respectively), and number of structures recovered (11.4 ± 1.6 v. 5.2 ± 1.1, P < 0.01). Differences of embryo performance in the second recovery compared with the first one were more evident in the LD group compared with the HD group. In Experiment 2, results reflected a significant superiority of the HD group compared with the LD group, especially rate of fertilisation, which was 25% higher. Sheep producing non-fertilised embryos had higher cortisol levels at the time of flushing than those with embryos (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the use of simplified and consecutive superovulatory treatments associated with intrauterine insemination is a potential means of obtaining embryos, although the response seems to depend on donor sheep age. The use of a higher number of sperm cells per millilitre results in better outcomes in terms of embryos produced.

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Spatio-temporal biodistribution of 89Zr-oxine labeled huLym-1-A-BB3z-CAR T-cells by PET imaging in a preclinical tumor model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94490-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naomi S. Sta Maria ◽

Leslie A. Khawli ◽

Vyshnavi Pachipulusu ◽

Sharon W. Lin ◽

Long Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Real Time ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Dose ◽

Car T Cells ◽

Nsg Mice ◽

Car T

AbstractQuantitative in vivo monitoring of cell biodistribution offers assessment of treatment efficacy in real-time and can provide guidance for further optimization of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified cell therapy. We evaluated the utility of a non-invasive, serial 89Zr-oxine PET imaging to assess optimal dosing for huLym-1-A-BB3z-CAR T-cell directed to Lym-1-positive Raji lymphoma xenograft in NOD Scid-IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice. In vitro experiments showed no detrimental effects in cell health and function following 89Zr-oxine labeling. In vivo experiments employed simultaneous PET/MRI of Raji-bearing NSG mice on day 0 (3 h), 1, 2, and 5 after intravenous administration of low (1.87 ± 0.04 × 106 cells), middle (7.14 ± 0.45 × 106 cells), or high (16.83 ± 0.41 × 106 cells) cell dose. Biodistribution (%ID/g) in regions of interests defined over T1-weighted MRI, such as blood, bone, brain, liver, lungs, spleen, and tumor, were analyzed from PET images. Escalating doses of CAR T-cells resulted in dose-dependent %ID/g biodistributions in all regions. Middle and High dose groups showed significantly higher tumor %ID/g compared to Low dose group on day 2. Tumor-to-blood ratios showed the enhanced extravascular tumor uptake by day 2 in the Low dose group, while the Middle dose showed significant tumor accumulation starting on day 1 up to day 5. From these data obtained over time, it is apparent that intravenously administered CAR T-cells become trapped in the lung for 3–5 h and then migrate to the liver and spleen for up to 2–3 days. This surprising biodistribution data may be responsible for the inactivation of these cells before targeting solid tumors. Ex vivo biodistributions confirmed in vivo PET-derived biodistributions. According to these studies, we conclude that in vivo serial PET imaging with 89Zr-oxine labeled CAR T-cells provides real-time monitoring of biodistributions crucial for interpreting efficacy and guiding treatment in patient care.

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Effect of Different Doses of Propofol and Nerve block Combined with General Anesthesia on The Intraoperative Anesthesia and Postoperative Awakening and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.4.1.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 697-705

Author(s):

Jianhui Ma ◽

Meimei Pang ◽

Xin Ding ◽

Shirong Fang ◽

Lichao Chu

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Nerve Block ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Dose Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Different Doses

Objective. To explore the effect of different doses of propofol and nerve block combined with general anesthesia on the intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative awakening and cognitive function in elder patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. According to the inclusion criteria for research object, we selected 98 elderly patients with knee OA who needed surgery and were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 for the study. Patients were divided into the low dose group (given 2 mg/kg propofol by pumping under constant speed during surgery) and the high dose group (given 4 mg/kg propofol by pumping during surgery) by the number table method to compare their indicators including the intraoperative anesthesia effect, with 49 cases in each group. Results. No between-group difference was shown in the anesthesia time and postoperative VAS scores, but the awakening time of the low dose group was significantly shorter than that of the high dose group (P<0.05); the differences in heart rate (HR) values at various time points between the two groups were not obvious, but the high dose group obtained significantly higher HR values at T4 than the low dose group; the mean arterial pressure (MAP) values of both groups were significantly reduced at Ti and then returned to the level before anesthesia (P>0.05); the bispectral index scores (BIS) of both groups experienced a marked drop at Ti and then recovered gradually, but failed to return to the level at T0 till the end, and a between-group difference in BIS indexes presented at Ti; the plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentration at Ti of both groups were significantly lowered and then returned to the level at T0, with no between-group difference; and compared with the low dose group, the high dose group achieved slightly lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores at 24-72 h after surgery, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Conclusion. The therapy of different doses of propofol and nerve block combined with general anesthesia has no significant effect on the cognitive function in elderly knee OA patients after surgery. With the nerve block improving the analgesic effect, a low dose of propofol is good for the postoperative awakening of patients. Different doses of propofol inhibited the stress response to a different degree and produced good anesthesia outcomes in elderly patients, but comparatively speaking, a low-dose propofol ensures more smooth indexes and less effect on the intraoperative hemodynamics.

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Comparison of the in-vivo Effect of Two Tranexamic Acid Doses on Fibrinolysis Parameters in Adults Undergoing Valvular Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass - A Pilot Investigation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65365/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen-feng ZHOU ◽

Wen Zhai ◽

Li-na YU ◽

Kai SUN ◽

Li-hong SUN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Dose Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Pai 1

Abstract Background: The blood saving efficacy of TXA in cardiac surgery has been proved in several studies, but TXA dosing regimens were varied in those studies. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate if there is a dose dependent in-vivo effect of TXA on fibrinolysis parameters by measurement of fibrinolysis markers in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB, which has not been systematically elucidated.Methods: A double-blind, randomized, controlled prospective trial was conducted from February 11, 2017 to May 05, 2017. Thirty patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery were identified and randomly divided into a placebo group, low-dose group and high-dose group by 1: 1: 1. Fibrinolysis parameters were measured by plasma levels of D-Dimers, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and thrombomodulin (TM). Those proteins were measured at five different sample times: preoperatively before the TXA injection (T1), 5 min after the TXA bolus (T2), 5 min after the initiation of CPB (T3), 5 min before the end of CPB (T4) and 5 min after the protamine administration (T5). A Thrombelastography (TEG) and standard coagulation test were also performed.Results: Compared with the control group, the level of the D-Dimers decreased in the low-dose and high-dose groups when the patients arrived at the ICU and on the first postoperative morning. Over time, the concentrations of PAI-1, TAFI, and TM, but not PAP and tPA, showed significant differences between the three groups (p <0.05). Compared with the placebo group, the plasma concentrations of PAI-1 and TAFI decreased significantly at the T3 and T4 (p <0.05); TAFI concentrations also decreased at the T5 in low-dose group (p <0.05). Compared with the low-dose group, the concentration of TM increased significantly at the T4 in high-dose group. No significant differences were observed in the levels of the coagulation proteins at any points between the groups.Conclusions: The vivo effect of low dose TXA is equivalent to high dose TXA on fibrinolysis parameters in adults undergoing valvular cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and we recommend a low dose TXA regimen for those patients.Clinical trial number and registry URL: ChiCTR-IPR-17010303; http://www.chictr.org.cn, Principal investigator: Zhen-feng ZHOU, Date of registration: January 1, 2017.

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Kaempferol Protects Mice from D-GalN/LPS-induced Acute Liver Failure by Regulating the Autophagy Pathway

10.21203/rs.3.rs-137375/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Tian ◽

Feng Ren ◽

Ling Xu ◽

Weihua Li ◽

Mei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Liver Function ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Dose ◽

Severe Liver ◽

Autophagy Pathway ◽

Different Doses

Abstract Background Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound present in many edible plants, has been used in traditional medicine and has various biological functions. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a lethal clinical syndrome with severe liver function damage. There are currently no effective treatments for ALF except for liver transplantation. The aim of this study is to explored the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of kaempferol in ALF. Methods The ALF mouse model was established using D-galactosamine (D-GalN, 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/kg). Two hours before the administration of D-GalN/LPS, different group of mice were pretreated according different doses of kaempferol, 6 hours after injection of D-GalN/LPS, and then killed. The survival rate, liver function and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. It was determined whether kaempferol pretreatment protected hepatocytes from ALF induced by D-GalN/LPS via autophagy pathway in vivo and in vitro. Results Pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol significantly decreased the survival rate and increased severe liver damage; however, pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol showed the opposite effect. Furthermore, pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol augment the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of the MAPK signaling pathway, while pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol showed the opposite effect. In addition, pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol decreased autophagy, but pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol increased autophagy in vivo and in vitro. It was also proved that pretreatment with 3-methyadenine (3- MA) or Atg7 siRNA to inhibit autophagy partially negated the hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol (5 mg/kg) pretreatment in ALF mice induced by D-GalN/LPS. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that effects of different doses of kaempferol on D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF is remarkably different by regulating the autophagy pathway. Therefore, we should consider selecting the optimal dose of kaempferol as a potential treatment method for patients with ALF.

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Comparison of the in-vivo effect of two tranexamic acid doses on fibrinolysis parameters in adults undergoing valvular cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass - a pilot investigation

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-021-01234-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhen-feng Zhou ◽

Wen Zhai ◽

Li-na Yu ◽

Kai Sun ◽

Li-hong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Dose Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Pai 1

Abstract Background The blood saving efficacy of TXA in cardiac surgery has been proved in several studies, but TXA dosing regimens were varied in those studies. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate if there is a dose dependent in-vivo effect of TXA on fibrinolysis parameters by measurement of fibrinolysis markers in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Methods A double-blind, randomized, controlled prospective trial was conducted from February 11, 2017 to May 05, 2017. Thirty patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery were identified and randomly divided into a placebo group, low-dose group and high-dose group by 1: 1: 1. Fibrinolysis parameters were measured by plasma levels of D-Dimers, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and thrombomodulin (TM). Those proteins were measured at five different sample times: preoperatively before the TXA injection (T1), 5 min after the TXA bolus (T2), 5 min after the initiation of CPB (T3), 5 min before the end of CPB (T4) and 5 min after the protamine administration (T5). A Thrombelastography (TEG) and standard coagulation test were also performed. Results Compared with the control group, the level of the D-Dimers decreased in the low-dose and high-dose groups when the patients arrived at the ICU and on the first postoperative morning. Over time, the concentrations of PAI-1, TAFI, and TM, but not PAP and tPA, showed significant differences between the three groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the placebo group, the plasma concentrations of PAI-1 and TAFI decreased significantly at the T3 and T4 (P < 0.05); TAFI concentrations also decreased at the T5 in low-dose group (P < 0.05). Compared with the low-dose group, the concentration of TM increased significantly at the T4 in high-dose group. Conclusions The in-vivo effect of low dose TXA is equivalent to high dose TXA on fibrinolysis parameters in adults with a low bleeding risk undergoing valvular cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and a low dose TXA regimen might be equivalent to high dose TXA for those patients. Trial registration ChiCTR-IPR-17010303, Principal investigator: Zhen-feng ZHOU, Date of registration: January 1, 2017.

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Intensive Initial Oral Anticoagulation and Shorter Heparin Treatment in Deep Vein Thrombosis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661195 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (03) ◽

pp. 276-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sam Schulman ◽

Dieter Lockner ◽

Kurt Bergström ◽

Margareta Blombäck

Keyword(s):

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Oral Anticoagulation ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Coagulation Factor ◽

High Dose ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Heparin Treatment ◽

Deep Vein

SummaryIn order to investigate whether a more intensive initial oral anticoagulation still would be safe and effective, we performed a prospective randomized study in patients with deep vein thrombosis. They received either the conventional regimen of oral anticoagulation (“low-dose”) and heparin or a more intense oral anticoagulation (“high-dose”) with a shorter period of heparin treatment.In the first part of the study 129 patients were randomized. The “low-dose” group reached a stable therapeutic prothrombin complex (PT)-level after 4.3 and the “high-dose” group after 3.3 days. Heparin was discontinued after 6.0 and 5.0 days respectively. There was no difference in significant hemorrhage between the groups, and no clinical signs of progression of the thrombosis.In the second part of the study another 40 patients were randomized, followed with coagulation factor II, VII, IX and X and with repeated venograms. A stable therapeutic PT-level was achieved after 4.4 (“low-dose”) and 3.7 (“high-dose”) days, and heparin was discontinued after 5.4 and 4.4 days respectively. There were no clinical hemorrhages, the activity of the coagulation factors had dropped to the same level in both groups at the time when heparin was discontinued and no thromboembolic complications occurred.Our oral anticoagulation regimen with heparin treatment for an average of 4.4-5 days seems safe and reduces in-patient costs.

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Newly Developed Recombinant Antithrombin Protects the Endothelial Glycocalyx in an Endotoxin-Induced Rat Model of Sepsis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Toshiaki Iba ◽

Jerrold H. Levy ◽

Koichiro Aihara ◽

Katsuhiko Kadota ◽

Hiroshi Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Leukocyte Adhesion ◽

Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽

High Dose Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Circulating Levels

(1) Background: The endothelial glycocalyx is a primary target during the early phase of sepsis. We previously reported a newly developed recombinant non-fucosylated antithrombin has protective effects in vitro. We further evaluated the effects of this recombinant antithrombin on the glycocalyx damage in an animal model of sepsis. (2) Methods: Following endotoxin injection, in Wistar rats, circulating levels of hyaluronan, syndecan-1 and other biomarkers were evaluated in low-dose or high-dose recombinant antithrombin-treated animals and a control group (n = 7 per group). Leukocyte adhesion and blood flow were evaluated with intravital microscopy. The glycocalyx was also examined using side-stream dark-field imaging. (3) Results: The activation of coagulation was inhibited by recombinant antithrombin, leukocyte adhesion was significantly decreased, and flow was better maintained in the high-dose group (both p < 0.05). Circulating levels of syndecan-1 (p < 0.01, high-dose group) and hyaluronan (p < 0.05, low-dose group; p < 0.01, high-dose group) were significantly reduced by recombinant antithrombin treatment. Increases in lactate and decreases in albumin levels were significantly attenuated in the high-dose group (p < 0.05, respectively). The glycocalyx thickness was reduced over time in control animals, but the derangement was attenuated and microvascular perfusion was better maintained in the high-dose group recombinant antithrombin group (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Recombinant antithrombin maintained vascular integrity and the microcirculation by preserving the glycocalyx in this sepsis model, effects that were more prominent with high-dose therapy.

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High-dose statin therapy and the risk of haemorrhagic stroke in Asian patients with stable coronary artery disease: insights from the REAL-CAD study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

M Takahashi ◽

K Tsuchida ◽

Y Sato ◽

S Iimuro ◽

K Kario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽

High Dose ◽

The Real ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad ◽

Bleeding Score

Abstract Background/Introduction The REAL-CAD study identified that aggressive lipid lowering with high-dose statin reduced cardiovascular events also in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, data from the SPARCL trial found that the benefits of high-dose atorvastatin treatment were partially offset by an increase in haemorrhagic stroke (HS). Although meta-analysis showed statin does not increase HS in Western countries, the evidence about the relation between statin and HS in Asian countries is still conflicting. In addition, the CREDO-Kyoto score is one of the prediction scorings for bleeding after coronary revascularization and might be a useful tool for the prediction of HS in this cohort. Recognizing the risk of HS and predicting of HS in the Asian cohort is clinically important. Purpose This study examined the factors associated with HS using the REAL-CAD cohort. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of the CREDO-Kyoto bleeding risk score to predict HS in this cohort. We also performed the corresponding analysis of ischaemic stroke for reference purposes. Methods We sub-analysed the REAL-CAD study, prospective, multicentre, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint study, in which 13,054 Japanese patients with stable CAD were randomized to high-dose (4 mg/day) or low-dose (1 mg/day) pitavastatin. Associations for stroke were determined using competing risk models: the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model accounting for the competing risk of death in models of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in REAL-CAD trial. Patients were categorized to low (score 0), moderate (score 1–2), and high (score>3) according to CREDO-Kyoto bleeding score for predicting of HS. Results The HS events in high-dose group tended to be higher than low-dose group (4mg vs. 1mg: 43 (0.7%) vs. 30 (0.5%)). The associated factors of HS on univariate analysis were non-prior myocardial (hazard ratio (HR): 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–0.99) and non-prior cerebral (HR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.70) infarction, atrial fibrillation (HR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.7), prior HS (HR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.5–11.8), anaemia (HR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.4–4.1), and non-statins use before run-in period (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28–0.99). High-dose pitavastatin was not a correlate with HS. The multivariate analysis revealed anaemia might have a relation with HS (HR: 4.3, 95% CI: 0.90–20.6). The number of HS was the highest in the high CREDO-Kyoto bleeding score group (Figure 1, HR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.6), whereas there was no significant difference in the number of HS between the moderate- and low-risk groups (HR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.84–2.3). Conclusions High-dose pitavastatin was not associated with the incidence of HS in this large Japanese cohort with stable CAD. High CREDO-Kyoto bleeding score was associated with HS as compared with low or moderate scores, even each of the variables consisting of CREDO-Kyoto score was not associated with HS. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Glycerol Monocaprylate Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production without Adverse Effects on Metabolism and Inflammation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1427

Author(s):

Junhui Zhang ◽

Fengqin Feng ◽

Minjie Zhao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Short Chain ◽

High Dose ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a glycerol derivative of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and is widely used as a preservative in food processing. However, GMC and its hydrolytic acid (octylic acid) have antibacterial properties that may affect the physiology and intestinal microecology of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the effects of two different dosages of GMC (150 and 1600 mg kg−1) on glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal microecology of normal diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the level of triglycerides (TGs) in the low-dose group down-regulated significantly, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) significantly increased, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. Importantly, GMC promoted the α-diversity of gut microbiota in normal-diet-fed mice, regardless of dosages. Additionally, it was found that the low-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while the high-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producers such as Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly increased by GMC supplementation. Thus, our research provides a novel insight into the effects of GMC on gut microbiota and physiological characteristics.

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Recombinant Human Thyrotropin-Stimulated Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with Multinodular Goiters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1240-5058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 841-849

Author(s):

Chunmei Xu ◽

Ping Wang ◽

Huikai Miao ◽

Tianyue Xie ◽

Xiaojun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Dose Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Recombinant Human Thyrotropin

AbstractA potential reduction of goiter volume (GV) of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) on multinodular goiters (MNG) was previously reported but controversial. Hence we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of rhTSH-stimulated radioiodine therapy in patients with MNG. PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched. Mean difference (MD) and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived by using an inverse variance random-effects model and fixed-effects model, respectively. Six studies (n=237) were involved in the analysis. For 12 months follow up, high dose (>0.1 mg) of rhTSH significantly reduced GV (MD=17.61; 95% CI=12.17 to 23.04; p<0.00001) compared with placebo. No effective pooled results of low dose of rhTSH (<0.1 mg) were applicable for only one study included. For 6 months follow up, the source of heterogeneity was determined by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. High dose group showed vast improvement in GV reduction (MD=16.62; 95% CI=1.34 to 31.90; p=0.03). The reduction of low dose group compared with placebo was inferior to high dose group. No available data were obtained to assess the influence of rhTSH after 36 months follow up for the only included study. Hypothyroidism incidence was higher for rhTSH group. No publication bias was seen. High dose of rhTSH treatment-stimulated radioactive 131I therapy after 6 months and 12 months follow up had a better effect in reducing GV, but with higher incidence of hypothyroidism. Owing to the limited methodological quality, more clinical researches are warranted in the future.

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