Changes in feed intake during isolation stress in respiration chambers may impact methane emissions assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Llonch ◽  
Shane M. Troy ◽  
Carol-Anne Duthie ◽  
Miguel Somarriba ◽  
John Rooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Respiration chambers are considered the ‘gold standard’ technique for measuring in vivo methane (CH4) emissions in live animals. However, the imposed isolation required may alter feeding behaviour and intake, which ultimately impact CH4 emissions. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of isolation within respiration chambers on feed intake and CH4 emissions with two different diets and breeds of beef cattle. In addition, a routine stressor (transport) was used to examine the relationship between individual stress responsiveness and changes in feed intake during isolation. Eighty-four steers (castrated males) (569 ± 5.7 kg bodyweight, BW) were divided into two groups and each group fed with one of two basal diets consisting of (g/kg dry matter, DM) either 50 : 50 (Mixed) or 8 : 92 (Concentrate) forage to concentrate ratios. Within each basal diet there were three supplementation treatments: (1) control, (2) calcium nitrate, and (3) rapeseed cake. The stress biomarkers plasma cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined before (0 h) and after (30 min, 3 h, 6 h and 9 h) a 30-min journey, when steers were transported to the respiration chamber facilities. Methane emissions were measured over a 3-day period using individual respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI) was assessed within the group-housed pens (4 weeks before entry to training pen), in the training pens and the chambers. Cortisol, FFA and CK increased (P < 0.05) after transport confirming a stress response. DMI (g/kg BW) decreased (P < 0.001) during isolation in the training pens (14.7 ± 0.28) and the chambers (14.3 ± 0.26) compared with that of the same animals in the group pens (16.8 ± 0.23). DMI during isolation decreased more in those animals which had an increased (P < 0.05) stress response during transport as measured by cortisol, FFA and CK. With the Mixed diet, the decline in DMI was estimated to result in an increase in CH4 (g/kg DMI) (r = 0.25, P = 0.001), which did not occur with the Concentrate diet. According to the results of this experiment, the stress associated with isolation reduces the DMI resulting in an increase in g CH4/kg DMI in fibrous diets. Habituation to isolation needs refinement in order to reduce the impact of stress on intake and therefore achieve more accurate estimates of CH4 emissions. Alternatively, modelling CH4 estimations according to behavioural and physiological changes associated with isolation stress would improve accuracy of CH4 estimations.

Effects of feeding wheat or corn and of rumen fistulation on milk production and methane emissions of dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
S. R. O. Williams ◽  
M. H. Deighton ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
B. E. Ribaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ch4 Emissions

There has been little research that has quantified methane (CH4) yields when dairy cows consume diets containing wheat grain. Furthermore, although rumen-fistulated animals have been used in many experiments concerned with measuring CH4 emissions, no research has examined the effect of rumen fistulation on in vivo CH4 emissions and yield. This experiment examined the effects of including either wheat or corn grain in the diet and the effects of rumen fistulation on yields of milk and milk components, CH4 emissions, yields, and intensities. Eight rumen-fistulated and six non-fistulated Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were offered a wheat-based diet (WHT) and a corn-based diet (CRN) in a crossover design. For the WHT diet, cows were offered daily, 22.4 kg DM containing 45.5% lucerne hay, 8.9% canola meal, 0.5% mineral mix, 0.5% molasses powder and 44.6% rolled wheat. The CRN diet was similar to the WHT diet except that rolled corn replaced the wheat. There was no difference between the WHT and CRN diets on mean milk yields (27.8 vs 27.9 kg/day), but the WHT diet substantially reduced milk fat concentration (2.76 vs 4.23%) and milk fat yield (0.77 vs 1.18 kg/day). Methane emissions (218 vs 424 g/day), CH4 yield (11.1 vs 19.5 g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 intensity (7.6 vs 15.7 g/kg milk) were all reduced ~45% by the WHT diet compared with the CRN diet. Rumen fistulation did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition or CH4 emissions, but decreased CH4 yield and intensity. Including wheat in the diet of dairy cows has the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, rumen fistulation was associated with a small reduction in CH4 yield and intensity, and this should be considered when using rumen-fistulated cows in research concerned with CH4 emissions.

Fumaric acid supplements have no effect on methane emissions per unit of feed intake in wether lambs

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Molano ◽  
T. W. Knight ◽  
H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Rumen Ph

Recent reports suggest that supplementing the diet of ruminants with up to 10% fumaric acid (FA) can produce large reductions in methane (CH4) emissions, but the results have been equivocal. This trial evaluates the potential of FA to reduce enteric CH4 emissions from 18-month-old wethers fed lucerne. On two occasions, methane emissions were measured on 20 wethers fed a diet of dried ground lucerne with FA added to the diet at 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g FA/100 g dry matter (n = 4 wethers/treatment). Individual daily CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique together with measurements of daily dry matter intake (DMI) and total faecal output. Rumen samples were collected twice during the treatment periods in order to evaluate the effect of FA on rumen pH. There was a significant negative regression between FA% in the diet and CH4 emissions/day. However, the addition of FA did not affect CH4 emissions/kg DMI because high levels of FA supplementation reduced DMI. Rumen pH increased linearly with increasing level of FA supplementation. In conclusion, the effect of FA on CH4 emissions in this trial was associated with the resulting reduction in DMI and there were no decreases in CH4 emissions/kg DMI.

The impact of breeding to reduce residual feed intake on enteric methane emissions from the Australian beef industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Alford ◽  
R. S. Hegarty ◽  
P. F. Parnell ◽  
O. J. Cacho ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

The expected reduction in methane emissions from the Australian beef herd resulting from using bulls identified as being more feed efficient as a result of having a lower residual feed intake (RFI) was modelled, both in a single herd in southern Australia and in the national herd. A gene flow model was developed to simulate the spread of improved RFI genes through a breeding herd over 25 years, from 2002 to 2026. Based on the estimated gene flow, the voluntary feed intakes were revised annually for all beef classes using livestock populations taken from the Australian National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGGI). Changes in emissions (kg methane/animal.year) associated with the reduction in feed intake were then calculated using NGGI procedures. Annual enteric methane emissions from both the individual and national herd were calculated by multiplying the livestock numbers in each beef class by the revised estimates of emissions per animal. For an individual adopting herd, the annual methane abatement in year 25 of selection was 15.9% lower than in year 1. For the national herd, differential lags and limits to adoption were assumed for northern and southern Australia. The cumulative reduction in national emissions was 568 100 t of methane over 25 years, with annual emissions in year 25 being 3.1% lower than in year 1. It is concluded that selection for reduced RFI will lead to substantial and lasting methane abatement, largely as a consequence of its implementation as a breeding objective for the grazing beef herd.

Changes in feed intake and digestibility in sheep given virginiamycin

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Thorniley ◽  
MD Boyce ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Highly Correlated

An experiment was conducted to investigate why virginiamycin reduces feed intake when it is first included in diets fed to sheep and cattle. Sheep were dosed daily with various amounts of virginiamycin, and measurements were made of both in vitro and in vivo dry matter digestibility and of blood gastrin concentrations. Virginiamycin decreased feed intake and there was some evidence that the effect was dose related. Dry matter digestibility was reduced by doses of virginiamycin >80 mg/day. Although highly correlated with feed intake, digestibility did not seem to be the sole factor influencing feed intake. Blood gastrin concentration was not significantly affected by virginiamycin and was not correlated with feed intake.

scholarly journals Effect of Graded Levels of Spirulina (Arthropsira platensis) on Feed Intake and in vivo Digestibility of Trypsacum laxum in Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Généviève Nguedia ◽  
Emile Miégoué ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
Mouchili Mama ◽  
Et Etienne Tedonkeng Pamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

The intake and in vivo digestibility of Trypsacumlaxum in guinea pigs according to the graded level of spirulina was evaluated in Cameroon. 20 animals aged of 6 months with an average weight of 450 ± 50 g were randomly divided into 4 equivalent groups. Each group received T. laxum and 40g of compound feed containing 0% (TS0), 2% (TS2), 4% (TS4), and 6% (TS6) of spirulina. Feed intake was the different between the left over and the quantity served. The sample of T. laxum and those of each diet as well as feces were collected and analyzed for the apparent digestibility of each nutrient. Animals were weighed at the beginning and at the end of each period of the test to determine the body weight gain. This study showed that the average daily intake of dry matter (DM) for TS0, TS2, TS4 and TS6 was 74.39 ± 2.98, 78.66 ± 3.14, 83.89 ± 4.28 and 77.76 ± 4.40 g/head/day. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of different nutrients were obtained with animals fed TS6 group while the lowest were observed in TS0.The apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of the supplemented group were statistically higher than those of the control diet. Animals’ weight performances were statistically comparable between treatments. Thus, the combination of T. laxum with concentrated feed containing spirulina can be recommended for guinea-pigs, but the level of incorporation may not exceed 4% of its daily ration.

Methane emissions from weaned lambs measured at 13, 17, 25 and 35 weeks of age compared with mature ewes consuming a fresh forage diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Knight ◽  
G. Molano ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
A. Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measurement Period

Daily methane (CH4) emissions and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured on 14 mature ewes (3–4 years old) and 13 lambs when the lambs were 13, 17, 25 and 35 weeks of age. During the four CH4 measurement periods, all animals were kept in individual metabolism cages and fed pasture cut daily and fed at 1.5 times maintenance. Feed was offered in equal amounts at 0800 and 1500 hours daily. Methane emissions were measured using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique and values reported were the mean of measurement on 4–5 days for each animal. In the intervals between CH4 measurements, ewes and lambs grazed separate paddocks containing predominantly ryegrass. Daily CH4 emissions for the ewes ranged from 21.5 to 22.5 ± 1.50 g/day and were significantly higher than those of the lambs which ranged from 10.7 to 17.5 ± 1.50 g/day. Averaged across all four periods, the overall mean CH4 emission for lambs was 8% lower (P < 0.05) than for ewes (21.9 v. 23.8 ± 0.95 g CH4/kg DMI). However, within each measurement period, the emissions of CH4/kg DMI from lambs was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of ewes only in the fourth period when the lambs were 35 weeks of age (17.9 v. 21.9 g/kg DMI for lambs and ewes, respectively). The pasture offered to both ewes and lambs in this period was of higher quality than in the other periods (organic matter digestibility of 80% DM v. 68–71% DM at other times) and CH4 emission per kg DMI was lower in both groups of animals than in the other periods. This study supports the hypothesis that young sheep have lower CH4 emissions per unit of intake than mature animals. However, the age at which the lambs produced similar CH4/kg DMI to adult sheep could not be determined precisely because of the changes in pasture quality between different measurement periods.

Methane emissions from dairy cattle divergently selected for bloat susceptibility

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Pinares-Patiño ◽  
G. Molano ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Mixed Age

Bloat susceptibility is a genetically inherited trait and this study explored whether cattle divergently selected for this trait (low or high bloat susceptibility) also differ in methane (CH4) emissions. Twelve low bloat (402 ± 12 kg liveweight, LW) and 12 high bloat (334 ± 13 kg LW) Friesian × Jersey mixed age (2–4 years old) non-lactating and non-pregnant female cattle were used in a late autumn (June) grazing experiment involving two periods (P1 and P2). Methane emissions were measured during 5 (P1) or 4 (P2) consecutive days using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. In P1 only, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used for faecal output and feed dry matter intake (DMI) estimations and it was found that the selection lines did not differ in DMI per unit of LW (17.3 ± 1.3 v. 15.4 ± 1.3 g DMI/kg LW, P > 0.05; for low and high bloat cows, respectively). In both periods, the mean absolute CH4 emissions from low bloat cows were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than from high bloat cows (144.5 ± 6.3 v. 107.4 ± 7.2 and 147.9 ± 4.6 v. 119.6 ± 6.5 g/day for P1 and P2, respectively), but on per unit of LW basis, CH4 emissions from low and high bloat animals were not different from each other (P > 0.05) either at P1 (346 ± 16 v. 312 ± 11 mg/kg LW) or P2 (345 ± 11 v. 347 ± 10 mg/kg LW). In P1, when DMI was estimated using TiO2, the selection lines did not differ (P > 0.05) in CH4 yields per unit of intake (20.6 ± 0.8 v. 21.3 ± 1.4 g/kg DMI for low and high bloat, respectively). Previous studies with the same herd showed that the selection lines did not differ in DMI per unit of LW, which was confirmed by the present study from estimations of DMI by TiO2 dosing in P1. It is concluded that low and high bloat susceptible genotypes did not differ in their CH4 yields per unit of feed intake.

scholarly journals An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (34) ◽  
pp. 10663-10668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Hristov ◽  
Joonpyo Oh ◽  
Fabio Giallongo ◽  
Tyler W. Frederick ◽  
Michael T. Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Enteric Methane

A quarter of all anthropogenic methane emissions in the United States are from enteric fermentation, primarily from ruminant livestock. This study was undertaken to test the effect of a methane inhibitor, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP), on enteric methane emission in lactating Holstein cows. An experiment was conducted using 48 cows in a randomized block design with a 2-wk covariate period and a 12-wk data collection period. Feed intake, milk production, and fiber digestibility were not affected by the inhibitor. Milk protein and lactose yields were increased by 3NOP. Rumen methane emission was linearly decreased by 3NOP, averaging about 30% lower than the control. Methane emission per unit of feed dry matter intake or per unit of energy-corrected milk were also about 30% less for the 3NOP-treated cows. On average, the body weight gain of 3NOP-treated cows was 80% greater than control cows during the 12-wk experiment. The experiment demonstrated that the methane inhibitor 3NOP, applied at 40 to 80 mg/kg feed dry matter, decreased methane emissions from high-producing dairy cows by 30% and increased body weight gain without negatively affecting feed intake or milk production and composition. The inhibitory effect persisted over 12 wk of treatment, thus offering an effective methane mitigation practice for the livestock industries.

scholarly journals PSIII-4 Preliminary exploration of relationship of automated sensor data with feed intake and efficiency in lactating dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Cori J Siberski ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
James E Koltes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Indicator Traits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rolling Windows

Abstract Feed costs represent the greatest expense on a dairy farm, making feed efficiency an important trait to consider among production traits. Current tools to measure feed intake have limited application in commercial settings, due to affordability and lack of portability of technologies. Therefore, development of automated sensor-based indicator traits for feed intake could prove to be valuable. The objective of the current study was to determine if automated eartag data was associated with feed intake. Activity and inner ear temperature were collected every 19 minutes utilizing Quantified Ag eartags (n = 48 lactating cows). Ear tags were placed 5 days prior to the start of the trial, with cows ranging from 67-192 days in milk (DIM). Daily feed intake, milk weights, milk components and body weight (BW) were also recorded. Data were analyzed using PROX GLIMMIX in SAS. Dry matter intake (DMI) was modeled including fixed effects for DIM, milk weight, component composition, metabolic body weight (BW0.75), eartag activity or temperature, as well as the random effects of parity and group. To identify informative timeframes with reduced influence of environmental noise, data were analyzed over 3-day rolling windows of time. Six windows were significantly associated with dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.05) when utilizing ear tag activity. Three windows of time of ear tag temperature were found to be significantly associated with DMI (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that eartag sensor data may be useful indicators of feed intake; however, days in milk and season may impact the informativeness of sensor data. Additional studies are warranted to validate the efficacy of activity and ear temperature as indicators of feed intake and determine the impact of other variables on these potential sensor indicator traits over time.

scholarly journals ATP13A2-mediated endo-lysosomal polyamine export counters mitochondrial oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (49) ◽  
pp. 31198-31207
Author(s):  
Stephanie Vrijsen ◽  
Laura Besora-Casals ◽  
Sarah van Veen ◽  
Jeffrey Zielich ◽  
Chris Van den Haute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Polyamine Transport ◽  
Exogenous Spermine ◽  
The Impact

Recessive loss-of-function mutations inATP13A2(PARK9) are associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recently revealed that the late endo-lysosomal transporter ATP13A2 pumps polyamines like spermine into the cytosol, whereas ATP13A2 dysfunction causes lysosomal polyamine accumulation and rupture. Here, we investigate how ATP13A2 provides protection against mitochondrial toxins such as rotenone, an environmental PD risk factor. Rotenone promoted mitochondrial-generated superoxide (MitoROS), which was exacerbated by ATP13A2 deficiency in SH-SY5Y cells and patient-derived fibroblasts, disturbing mitochondrial functionality and inducing toxicity and cell death. Moreover, ATP13A2 knockdown induced an ATF4-CHOP-dependent stress response following rotenone exposure. MitoROS and ATF4-CHOP were blocked by MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial antioxidant, suggesting that the impact of ATP13A2 on MitoROS may relate to the antioxidant properties of spermine. Pharmacological inhibition of intracellular polyamine synthesis with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) also increased MitoROS and ATF4 when ATP13A2 was deficient. The polyamine transport activity of ATP13A2 was required for lowering rotenone/DFMO-induced MitoROS, whereas exogenous spermine quenched rotenone-induced MitoROS via ATP13A2. Interestingly, fluorescently labeled spermine uptake in the mitochondria dropped as a consequence of ATP13A2 transport deficiency. Our cellular observations were recapitulated in vivo, in aCaenorhabditis elegansstrain deficient in the ATP13A2 orthologcatp-6. These animals exhibited a basal elevated MitoROS level, mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhanced stress response regulated byatfs-1, theC. elegansortholog of ATF4, causing hypersensitivity to rotenone, which was reversible with MitoTEMPO. Together, our study reveals a conserved cell protective pathway that counters mitochondrial oxidative stress via ATP13A2-mediated lysosomal spermine export.

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