Recovery of flue-cured tobacco from magnesium deficiency: changes in leaf magnesium content and effects on leaf quality

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Twenty-four days after being transplanted into sand culture outdoors, tobacco plants were supplied with nutrient solutions with and without magnesium. Magnesium at two levels was resupplied to some deficiency-stressed plants 6, 11, 16, or 26 days later, and all plants were grown to maturity. The value of cured leaf was affected adversely when the period without magnesium exceeded 6 days. Quality of top leaf, but not of cutters, was improved when resupply was made at the rate necessary for maximum leaf value when supplied throughout. Addition of magnesium at a higher level improved the quality of leaf lower on the stalk, but led to an accumulation of magnesium in top leaf with subsequent impairment of quality. It appeared that the leaf concentration of magnesium had to fall below 0.2% for a period of between 5 and 10 days for leaf deficiency symptoms to appear. The application of magnesium, even at a high rate, upon the appearance of the first symptoms of deficiency resulted in a loss of over 25% in the value per plant.

The fate of magnesium applied to flue-cured tobacco, and its effect on leaf quality and magnesium content

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Consequent Reduction

In an outdoor trial with tobacco in sand culture, plants were supplied initially with inadequate magnesium for maximum leaf quality. The effects on quality and magnesium concentration of the cures leaf when magnesium supply was increased were studied.Magnesium passed preferentially to the leaves of poor quality at any leaf position depended on the time and size of the of the increase in nutrient magnesium.The longer the delay in adding magnesium at the optimum rate the greater the number of lower leaves of poor quality. Addition of magnesium at above optimum level improved the quality of the leaf lower on the stalk, but led to an accumulation of magnesium in the top leaf with a consequent reduction in quality.

Effects of foliar application of magnesium sulphate on the quality and magnesium content of flue-cured tobacco

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton ◽  
PN Person
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Tobacco seedlings were not damaged by sprays containing up to 20 per cent magnesium sulphate, but deleterious effects on leaf were observed when several applications of three per cent or more were applied to full-sized plants. In an outdoor trial with tobacco in sand culture plants were supplied with nutrient solutions with and without magnesium. The effects of foliar application of two per cent magnesium sulphate on quality and magnesium concentration in the cured leaf were studied. Seven sprays applied at about seven day intervals raised the magnesium concentration in leaves by 0.30 to 0.40 per cent Mg. Five sprays applied after the onset of deficiency symptoms raised the concentration in leaves by 0.1 6 to 0.25 per cent Mg, and improved quality greatly compared with leaves from deficient plants. Application of one spray several days prior to picking increased the concentration in leaves by approximately 0.08 per cent Mg, but had an adverse effect on value. The value of the leaf from sprayed plants was never as good as that from the best plants supplied with magnesium via the roots only even though the magnesium concentrations in leaf were similar. The difference in quality was not attributable to deleterious effects of high sulphur content.

scholarly journals 794 PB 062 THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN MAGNESIUM TRANS LOCATION IN MUSCADINES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 547a-547
Author(s):  
Creiehton L. Gunton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The role of phosphorus (P) in magnesium (Mg) translocation from roots to leaves of muscadines (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) was investigated in shadehouse experiments. Vines of 13 clones were grown for two seasons in sand culture fertilized with nutrient solutions containing no P (-P), 20 PPM P (+P), and -P plus P added during the two weeks before harvest (-P+P). Leaves were sampled at the end of each growing season and in July of the second year and analyzed for P, potassium (K), and Mg content. Mg and K contents of roots were determined at the end of the second year. No interactions occurred between clones and P fertilization levels for Mg or K content, indicating no differences among clones in response of these minerals to P treatments. Leaf Mg content was slightly but significantly lower for -P than +P treatments in the `92 and July `93 samples but about rhe same in September `93. Root Mg content in September `93 was higher for +P than -P or -P+P. No evidence was found that Mg translocation from root to leaves was mediated by P. No Mg deficiency symptoms were visible on the leaves for any treatment.

The effect of manganese on tobacco leaf quality and on the inorganic cation levels of tobacco

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Johnson ◽  
RW Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Cation

In a series of field and pot experiments, quality of cured leaf of tobacco plants Nicotiana tabacum, was adversely affected by increasing leaf levels of manganese. The quality decline manifested itself as a leaf 'greying' effect. Leaf manganese concentrations were readily increased by either foliar or substrate application of manganese. The increase in leaf manganese content was associated with a significant increase in potassium concentration and a significant decrease in calcium concentration in leaves. Sodium and magnesium leaf concentrations were not greatly affected by manganese. It is suggested that the decline in cured leaf quality was associated primarily with a change in the K : Ca : Mg ratio, which occurred at relatively low concentrations of manganese in the leaves. The results of this investigation indicate that the use of manganese-based fungicide sprays could cause a further quality decline of tobacco produced on soils containing high levels of exchangeable manganese.

The effects of magnesium deficiency on the quality and magnesium content of flue-cured tobacco leaf

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Equivalent Basis

In an outdoor trial with tobacco in sand culture, two levels of magnesium were supplied initially in the nutrient solution. The effects on quality and magnesium concentration in the cured leaf when magnesium was withheld from the nutrient were studied. When the magnesium supply was inadequate the reduction in magnesium concentration in leaves was largely accounted for by the diluting effect of increase in dry weight, and was accentuated under conditions of extreme deficiency by transference of magnesium from older leaves to actively expanding tissues nearer the apex. The effects of deficiency on quality depended partly on the amount of magnesium the plant had absorbed before the cessation of magnesium supply. To avoid loss of quality, magnesium in the nutrient solution had to be maintained at 20 % at least of the total cations (equivalent basis) until plants had been 'topped' (i.e. inflorescence removed) and the total leaf area of the plant had reached c. two-thirds of its final size.

MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Ward ◽  
Marcia J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

In a sand culture experiment with greenhouse tomatoes, tissue analysis of plant samples showing a wide range of magnesium deficiency symptoms indicated that a tissue level of 0.30% Mg was associated with incipient deficiency and the beginning of symptom expression, while a level of 0.15% or less was associated with severe deficiency symptoms. These are definite values and it is suggested that they may be applicable to many crop plants, provided adequate sampling and accurate analyses are carried out.

Effect of interaction between Phytophthora nicotianae and Meloidogyne spp. on the productivity and quality of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum)

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1179-1192
Author(s):  
Diana M. Vanegas-Villa ◽  
Rafael A. Navarro-Álzate ◽  
Lucia Afanador-Kafuri ◽  
Jaime A. Gutiérrez-Monsalve ◽  
Juan G. Morales-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Summary Black shank disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is the most devastating pathology in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In Colombia, an increase in the severity of P. nicotianae has been reported when parasitic nematodes are active in tobacco plants. The main objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity, leaf quality and interaction between P. nicotianae (Races 0 and 1) with Meloidogyne spp. on tobacco plants in samples collected in 15 farms of Colombia. To quantify the interaction between both pathogens, variables such as plant survival, index of pathogenicity, and chemical and physical quality of the leaves were measured. Within a confidence level of 95% there is evidence of a positive synergistic effect between Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and P. nicotianae (Races 0 and 1) in a variety-dependent manner. For ‘ICA Servita’ the variables of index of pathogenicity, of root-knots and fresh weight of root, reduced the leaf price because of the interaction. For ‘K346’, Race 0 of P. nicotianae apparently reduced the pathogenicity of M. javanica in contrast to P. nicotianae Race 1. In addition, ‘ICA Servita’ and ‘K346’ showed susceptibility to nematodes. At the end of the harvest of ‘ICA Servita’, the interaction caused a considerable decrease in the physical and chemical quality of tobacco leaves, resulting in lower weight and number of leaves, affecting the price of tobacco in the market with reductions of more than 50%. Plant mortality of ‘ICA Servita’ and ‘K346’ was 50 and 60%, respectively, in interactions with both pathogens.

UTILIZING COMBINATION OF HERBICIDE COMMAND AND GROWTH STIMULATORS MELAFEN AND EMISTIM C FOR TOBACCO SEEDLING GROWING

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Efficiency of combination of soil herbicide Command (CE 0.02 ml/m2) and growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S for tobacco seedling growing in sheltered ground has been studied. Before studies inhibition properties of herbicide on first stage of tobacco growing were found. For decreasing effect of herbicide ’s depression and increasing growing processes researches during greenhouse and field stages have been carried. It has been found that soaking seeds in solution of growth stimulator Melafen (concentration 0.05 %) and Emistim S (concentration 0.00001 %) during 3 hours in combination with further treatments on basic stages of seedling development (cotyledon and ready for transplanting before pulling out) led not only to decreasing toxic effect of herbicide but also increasing qualitative properties of tobacco plants. Growth stimulators led to increasing length of plants from collar to growing point by 46-62 %, to end of tips - by 20-35 %, above ground plant mass - by 42 - 86 %, root mass - by 32 %. It was also noticed 28 - 36 % increasing outcome of standard seedlings from m2 in time of transplanting. Due to prolonged effect of Melafen and Emistim S seedlings transplanted into field were with increased surviving properties. Later, due to increased growing rate it was noticed increasing leaf area by 9-18 % and productivity - by 16-24 %. Economic effect due to utilizing growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S during seedling stage reaches 360 and 470 rubles/m2 and during field stage - 66 and 98 th.rubles/ha respectively. Offered elaboration can be utilized for protecting systems of different agricultural plants where utilizing soil herbicides is recommended. Also quality of cured tobacco grown with stimulators had been improved.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals Cold stress in the harvest period: effects on tobacco leaf quality and curing characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ke Ren ◽  
Mengyang Hu ◽  
Xian He ◽  
Kaiyuan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Abstract Background Weather change in high-altitude areas subjects mature tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to cold stress, which damages tobacco leaf yield and quality. A brupt diurnal temperature differences (the daily temperature dropping more than 20 °C) along with rainfall in tobacco-growing areas at an altitude above 2450 m, caused cold stress to field-grown tobacco. Results After the flue-cured tobacco suffered cold stress in the field, the surface color of tobacco leaves changed and obvious large browning areas were appeared, and the curing availability was extremely poor. Further research found the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the production quality were greatly reduced by cold stress. We hypothesize that cold stress in high altitude environments destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system of mature flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the production quality were greatly reduced by cold stress. Conclusion This study confirmed that cold stress in high-altitude tobacco areas was the main reason for the browning of tobacco leaves during the tobacco curing process. This adverse environment seriously damaged the quality of tobacco leaves, but can be mitigated by pay attention to the weather forecast and pick tobacco leaves in advance.

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