Development of yield in two grain-sorghum hybrids. I. Dry weight and carbon-14 studies

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Chamberlin ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Data

Growth and development of two grain-sorghum hybrids (De Kalb E57 and Texas 610) were examined under glasshouse conditions by sequential harvesting and the use of I4C. The grain yield per plant of Texas 610 was higher than that of E57, with higher total biological yield and similar harvest indices. The contribution to grain weight at maturity, of carbon assimilated prior to anthesis, was about 10% for each hybrid. The leaves were the main source of this material. After anthesis, dry weight data indicated that temporary storage of assimilates before retranslocation to the grain was of greater importance in Texas 610 than E57. This storage was largely in the leaves (including sheaths), upper internodes, and roots. A high grain-growth rate was maintained for longer by Texas 610 than by E57. Total dry weight production after anthesis in both hybrids was, at all stages examined, more than sufficient to maintain grain growth.

Factors Influencing the Rate and Duration of Grain Filling in Wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sofield ◽  
LT Evans ◽  
MG Cook ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate

Controlled-environment conditions were used to examine the effects of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on grain setting and on the duration and rate of grain growth. After an initial lag period, which did not differ greatly between cultivars, grain dry weight increased linearly under most conditions until final grain weight was approached. Growth rate per grain depended on floret position within the ear, varied between cultivars (those with larger grains at maturity having a faster rate), and increased with rise in temperature. With cultivars in which grain number per ear was markedly affected by illuminance, light had relatively little effect on growth rate per grain. With those in which grain number was less affected by illuminance, growth rate per grain was highly responsive to it, especially in the more distal florets. In both cases there was a close relation between leaf photosynthetic rate as influenced by illuminance, the rate of grain growth per ear, and final grain yield per ear. The duration of linear grain growth, on the other hand, was scarcely influenced by illuminance, but was greatly reduced as temperature rose, with pronounced effects on grain yield per ear. Cultivars differed to some extent in their duration of linear growth, but these differences accounted for less of the difference in final weight per grain than did those in rate of grain growth. Under most conditions the cessation of grain growth did not appear to be due to lack of assimilates.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Association of Morpho-physiological Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Y. P. S. Solanki ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
. Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes of bread wheat. These genotypes were grown in RBD using three replications during Rabi 2016-17 at Research Area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. To study the variability, correlation and path analysis, data were recorded for yield and its component traits i.e. days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, grain growth rate at 14, 21, 28 days (mg/g/day), plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/meter, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (g), biological yield/plot (g) and harvest index (%). ANOVA showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating adequacy of material and the traits studied for further assessment of genetic variability parameters. High value of GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield per plot, followed by biological yield, indicating greater amount of variability among the genotypes. Highest heritability was recorded for days to 50% heading, followed by days to anthesis. Highly significant and positive association was perceived between grain yield and tillers per meter, plant height, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, grain growth rate at 14, 21 and 28 days after anthesis, spike length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The high direct effects were recorded for biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf breadth, number of effective tillers per meter and 1000 grain weight, in order.

scholarly journals Effect of Time of Tiller Separation on Grain Growth and Seed Yield of Transplant Aman Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Alam ◽  
MS Sheuly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of time of tiller separation on grain growth and yield of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of 3 times of tiller separation viz. tiller separation at 25 (T1), 35 (T2) and 45 (T3) days after transplanting (DAT); and 5 levels of number of tillers kept hill-1 viz. intact hills (K0), 1 tiller kept hill-1 (K1), 2 tillers kept hill-1 (K2), 3 tillers kept hill-1 (K3) and 4 tillers kept hill-1 (K4). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 4 m 2.5 m. With a few exceptions, the highest grain growth parameters like number of panicles hill-1, dry weight panicle-1, number of grains panicle-1, dry weight grain-1 and grain growth rate were observed when tillers were separated at 25 DAT but the lowest values were found at 45 DAT. The grain growth rate decreased with the advance of time. The highest grain yield (5.25 t ha-1) was obtained from tillers separated at 25 days after transplanting (DAT) but the lowest values (4.13 t ha-1) were recorded when tillers were separated at 45 DAT. The maximum grain yield (5.88 t ha-1) was found in intact hills, while the lowest values (2.64 t ha-1) were obtained when 1 tiller kept hill-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16274 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):12-19

scholarly journals Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

scholarly journals Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Susmita Dey ◽  
◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
K. R. Battan ◽  
A. K. Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.

Growth and Development of Organic Arsenical-Susceptible and -Resistant Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Biotypes Under Noncompetitive Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Haigler ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
James R. Harris ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Development

The growth, development, and reproductive potential of several populations of organic arsenical-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) common cocklebur biotypes were compared under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured periodically during the growing season. Days to flowering, bur dry weight, and number of burs per plant were also recorded. Arsenical S- and R-biotypes were similar in all measured parameters of growth, development, and reproductive potential. Populations within each biotype varied occasionally in plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and reproductive potential.

scholarly journals The effect on the growth of Lemna minor of alternating periods of light and darkness of equal length

1938 ◽  
Vol 125 (838) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Garner and Allard (1931) showed that plants grown in alternating light and dark periods of equal duration respond differently according to the length of the period. They found that the growth of Cosmos sulphureus, for example, was progressively poorer as the alternating periods decreased from 12 hr. to 1 min., after which it improved rapidly so that at 5 sec. intermittency the plants were of fairly normal appearance, i.e. like those in 12 hr. alternations. No measurements of these effects however were made. Portsmouth (1937) carried out similar experiments with cucumber plants, and has shown that the increase in total dry weight is greatest in continuous light, only slightly less in 12 hr. alternations and considerably less in 1 min. alternations. He suggests that the effects observed were related to carbohydrate deficiency occasioned by a falling net assimilation rate and partial closure of the stomata at 1 min. alternations. Gregory and Pearse (1937) have shown that short alternating light and dark periods are accompanied by a closing of the stomata in Pelargonium , and here again the effect was at a maximum with intermittencies of about 1 min. duration. In view of the above results it was decided to repeat and extend the growth-rate determinations with Lemna minor , which is simple in structure and is eminently suitable for experimental work under laboratory conditions. It had also the advantage, as its stomatal opening does not change, that should results similar to those of Garner and Allard, and Portsmouth, be obtained it would be possible to assess the value of stomatal closure at rapid intermittencies on growth rate. 2. Experimental procedure Two different stocks of Lemna were employed, one, coming originally from the Chelsea Physic Garden, had been used previously in this de-partment, while the other was a fresh stock obtained from Sutton. Each stock was established in the first instance from a single individual. In all cases colonies were grown under 12 hr. alternating light and darkness for 14 days before being placed under the lighting conditions in which their growth rate was to be measured. Apart from the light factor all environmental conditions were the same during the preliminary 14 days as when measurements were being made. The plants were grown in a culture solution made up as follows: CaH 4 (PO 4 ) 2 . H 2 O 0·100 g., KNO 3 0·800 g., MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O 0·25 g., FeCl 3 0·002g., distilled water 1000 ml. In some cases the water used was condensed on glass, in others on copper. The culture solution was changed only when the plants were being measured; it was not aerated but always shaken up with air immediately before being used. The solution was made up in amounts of 2 litres, but as the number of colonies to be supplied varied from time to time the several lots lasted for different periods.

Studies of grain production in Sorghum vulgare. I. The contribution of pre-flowering photosynthesis to grain yield

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Data

Sorghum plants were allowed to assimilate known relative amounts of 14C in the two periods: (i) from full expansion of the third uppermost leaf to anthesis; and (ii) from anthesis to grain maturity. By comparing relative 14C activity in the mature grain, the relative partitioning of photosynthate between grain production and other uses in the two periods was calculated. Plant and grain dry weight data from another experiment showed the amounts of net photosynthesis in the two periods. It was then possible to calculate the maximum amount of the material assimilated in the pre-anthesis period that could have gone to grain production, and thus the percentage of grain material derived from this earlier period. The estimate was 12%.

The development of barley grain: comparisons between cultivars for growth rate and α-amylase activity

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Riggs ◽  
P. G. Gothard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Days After Anthesis

SummaryGrains from ears of known anthesis time in seven spring barley cultivars were measured for dry weight and α-amylase activity at regular intervals during grain maturation. During the period 10–31 days after anthesis, dry weight increase of the grain was found to be substantially linear in all the cultivars. Comparisons between linear slopes fitted for this phase of growth were found to provide an objective means of comparing grain growth rates in different cultivars.α-Amylase activity per grain reached a peak in all except one cultivar at between 10 and 16 days after anthesis but declined rapidly during the linear phase of grain growth. α-Amylase activity per gram grain dry weight decreased exponentially during this period and transformation of the data to logarithms allowed a substantially linear fit to be made. Slopes for each of the cultivars were compared.Differences were found between cultivars in grain growth rates, total α-amylase activity and rates of fall of α-amylase activity per gram for the period 10–31 days after anthesis. No relationship could be found between grain growth rate and either the absolute level of α-amylase activity achieved in the grain or the rate of fall in activity during development.

scholarly journals Effect of seed priming on grain growth rate and effective filling period in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K.M.A. Al-Haidary ◽  
S.K. Al-Taweel ◽  
J.H. Hamza ◽  
M.H.K. Al-Baldawi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Physiological Maturity

A field experiment was conducted during winter, 2015-16 with the objective to investigate the effect of bread wheat cultivars (Abu-Ghraib3, Ibaa99, and Alfeteh) and seed priming 100, 100, 150 mg L-1 of benzyl adenine, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively, ethanolic extract of Salix Sp., water extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and distilled water (control) on grain growth rate (GGR), effective filling period (EFP) and accelerating of physiological maturity. Randomized complete block design with three replicates was applied. GA3×Ibaa99 surpassed others in grain yield (7.432 tonne ha-1) when gave the highest grain weight (45.13 mg grain-1) and GGR (1.5 mg grain-1 day-1) with the fastest time to start and end EFP (5 and 34 days), which mean it reached to physiological maturity earlier. It can be conclude that seed priming led to accelerating the physiological maturity with increase grain yield through enhancing GGR and EFP in bread wheat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document