Long-term effects of lime on pasture yields and response to phosphate fertilizers on eight acidic soils

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
GJ Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Yield Responses

Eight experiments on acidic soils of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were carried out to measure lime effects on clover-based pastures and their response to fertilizer phosphate (P). Each experiment lasted 3 years. The seven soils deficient in P all responded to lime in the first year, and pasture yield responses were associated with lime-induced increases in isotopically exchangeable or soluble soil P or both. Three of these soils were also relatively high in soluble aluminium (Al) or manganese (Mn), and the lime-induced suppression of these toxic cations probably also contributed to the beneficial effects of lime. Negative effects of lime on fertilizer P response were more frequent than positive effects, and tended to occur on higher A1 soils. Lime eliminated the need for fertilizer P on at least three P-deficient soils during the 3 year period of the experiments, and this was also associated with increases in availability and uptake of soil P. Lime suppressed P sorptivity in all soils, but this caused an increase in fertilizer P effectiveness in only two soils (in the first year). Hence, the positive effect of lime on soluble soil P, which occurred on all soils and which would tend to lower fertilizer P effectiveness, seemed to be dominant over its negative effect on soil P sorptivity. Residual effects of lime and fertilizer P were similar, both declining after the first year, with five soils still responsive in the third year.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

scholarly journals Impact of “non-lethal” tarsal clipping on bumble bees (Bombus vosnesenskii) may depend on queen stage and worker size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Mola ◽  
Clara Stuligross ◽  
Maureen L. Page ◽  
Danielle Rutkowski ◽  
Neal M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Worker Size ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Worker Caste

Abstract Recent bumble bee declines have prompted the development of novel population monitoring tools, including the use of putatively non-lethal tarsal clipping to obtain genetic material. However, the potential side effects of tarsal clipping have only been tested in the worker caste of a single domesticated species, prompting the need to more broadly test whether tarsal clipping negatively affects sampled individuals. To determine if tarsal clipping reduces queen survivorship and colony establishment, we collected wild queens of Bombus vosnesenskii and clipped tarsi from a single leg of half the individuals. We reared captive queens and estimated survivorship and nest establishment success. We also clipped tarsi of workers from a subset of colonies across a range of body sizes. We found no consistent negative effect of clipping on queen survival. In the first year, clipped nest-searching queens suffered heavy mortality, but there was no effect on foraging queens. The following year, we found no effect of clipping on queen survival or establishment. Clipping did not reduce overall worker survival but reduced survivorship for those in the smallest size quartile. Implications for insect conservation Our findings suggest tarsal clipping does not have consistent negative effects on individual survival. However, our results varied with queen behavioral state, year, and worker size, suggesting differences within and among species and interactions with landscape stressors warrant further study. In the interim, we recommend researchers and conservationists minimize the use of tarsal clipping for sensitive species, populations, or small workers except in cases of exceptional scientific need.

scholarly journals Customer Value Co-Creation Intention, Practices and Experience in Self-Service Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Badra Sandamali Galdolage
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physical Interfaces ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Self Service Technology

Many service encounters are moving from traditional physical interfaces to technologically incorporated self-service options. However, it is surprising that very limited extant literature is devoted to understanding the movement towards self-service technologies. Therefore, this study aims at understanding customer value co-creation intention, practices including both the value co-creation and co-destruction and their co-creation experiences in self-service technology context. Based on the positivistic approach, a quantitative study carried out distributing self-administered questionnaires to 600 individuals chosen based on a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method. Study found that customer value co-creation intention has significant positive effects on customer value co-creation practices and significant negative effects on customer value co-destruction in SSTs. Value co-creation practices show a strong positive effect on customer functional experiences and ‘positive emotional experiences’ while having a negative effect on ‘negative emotional experiences. In contrast, co-destruction shows inverse relationships. This study assists practitioners to understand why customers collaborate with SSTs, what they do in co-creating value and how this links with their experience. Service providers can use this understanding to facilitate customer co-creation by securing positive customer experiences and achieving competitive advantage by designing and delivering value enhancing self-service technological interfaces from both strategic and operational perspectives.

scholarly journals The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricica Pacurari ◽  
Ramzi Kafoury ◽  
Paul B. Tchounwou ◽  
Kenneth Ndebele
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

The RAAS through its physiological effectors plays a key role in promoting and maintaining inflammation. Inflammation is an important mechanism in the development and progression of CVD such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition to its main role in regulating blood pressure and its role in hypertension, RAAS has proinflammatory and profibrotic effects at cellular and molecular levels. Blocking RAAS provides beneficial effects for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Evidence shows that inhibition of RAAS positively influences vascular remodeling thus improving CVD outcomes. The beneficial vascular effects of RAAS inhibition are likely due to decreasing vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and positive effects on regeneration of endothelial progenitor cells. Inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNFα, IL-6, and CRP have key roles in mediating vascular inflammation and blocking RAAS negatively modulates the levels of these inflammatory molecules. Some of these inflammatory markers are clinically associated with CVD events. More studies are required to establish long-term effects of RAAS inhibition on vascular inflammation, vascular cells regeneration, and CVD clinical outcomes. This review presents important information on RAAS’s role on vascular inflammation, vascular cells responses to RAAS, and inhibition of RAAS signaling in the context of vascular inflammation, vascular remodeling, and vascular inflammation-associated CVD. Nevertheless, the review also equates the need to rethink and rediscover new RAAS inhibitors.

Sanctuary Cities, Crime, and Incorporation

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-152
Author(s):  
Loren Collingwood ◽  
Benjamin Gonzalez O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Negative Effect

One of the chief complaints raised against sanctuary cities is that they can increase crime, while one argument in their favor is that they can increase the incorporation of Latino and immigrant communities. This chapter analyzes both the positive and negative effects of sanctuary polices, finding that these policies have no effect on crime rates when comparable cities are compared to one another and when crime rates pre/post sanctuary are examined. The findings show that sanctuary policies can have positive effects, potentially increasing both Latino voter turnout and police force representation. While sanctuary policies are found to have few downsides and potential positive benefits, antisanctuary legislation like Texas’s SB4 are found to have a negative effect. In high-immigrant areas, antisanctuary legislation is found to depress the number of 911 calls, suggesting that antisanctuary legislation does in fact reduce crime reporting, as opponents claim.

scholarly journals Krachtvoer: effect evaluation of a Dutch healthful diet promotion curriculum for lower vocational schools

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes K Martens ◽  
Patricia Van Assema ◽  
Theo GWM Paulussen ◽  
Gerard Van Breukelen ◽  
Johannes Brug
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Frequency Measure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the behavioural effects of a school-based healthful diet promotion intervention implemented in lower vocational schools.DesignA cluster-randomised pre-test–post-test experimental design was used, and data were collected by means of written questionnaires.SettingStudents of 18 Dutch lower vocational schools.SubjectsThe final sample consisted of 10 experimental schools with 13 teachers, 37 classes and 879 students, and eight control schools with 10 teachers, 31 classes and 734 students (total n = 1613).ResultsFixed regression analyses revealed beneficial effects on the behavioural measures relating to fruit intake (as assessed by a food frequency measure and fruit consumption during the previous day), and most behavioural measures related to high-fat snack intake (food frequency measure, and number of snacks and total fat intake from snacks during the previous day). The behavioural effects relating to breakfast habits were limited. Some positive behavioural effects occurred in the total target population, others mainly or only among students with more unfavourable intakes at baseline. Mixed regression analysis found comparable regression coefficients for the behavioural outcomes, but the effects related to fruit intake were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsAlthough we did not find the expected effects on all outcome indicators, the total pattern of results suggest that Krachtvoer offered a surplus value over existing curricula. However, some programme elements need to be revised to improve effectiveness and prevent negative effects, and more information is needed about the long-term effects of the programme.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Availability for Irrigated Rice Cultivated Under No-Tillage and Different Phosphate Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Magali De Ávila Fortes ◽  
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Algenor da Silva Gomes ◽  
Fabiana Schmidt ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
P Availability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Yield Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of irrigated rice to phosphate fertilization using triple superphosphate (TSP) and Arad phosphate rock (APR), and the phosphate residual effects of upland crops in no-tillage system on the following rice crop. Also, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Mehlich-1 and anion exchange resin as soil P extractors. Two experiments were conducted in Albaqualf soil under irrigated conditions in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The experiments were designed as random blocks with four replications and the treatments were displayed as a 2 × 2 factorial (TSP and APR, with and without annual P application as TSP). No yield responses to phosphate were observed. Phosphate fertilization performed on upland crops (maize and soybeans) presented a residual effect on the rice crop even after four years of consecutive cropping under no-tillage. The extractors Mehlich-1 and AER were equally efficient in the evaluation of P availability for the rice crop. P content values obtained by both methods did show a significant correlation with accumulated plant P. The APR presents a similar performance as the TSP in regard to phosphate nutrition in irrigated rice when rotated with upland crops under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Expanding the Utility of Race-Based Accountability: An Application of RBA to Longitudinal Data Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Ruiz ◽  
Gabriel A. Acevedo ◽  
Raquel R. Marquez ◽  
Marcos Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adult Mental Health

Despite the strong empirical evidence linking childhood abuse to negative mental health outcomes later in life, a number of questions remain regarding race variations in this association. Moreover, less is known about the salience of protective factors that can offset or ameliorate the negative effects of abuse on adult mental health, and whether these factors work differently by race. Using three waves of panel data from a nationally representative survey of American adults, the present study examined the long-term effects of childhood abuse on adult mental health over a span of 20 years. In addition, we assessed social support as a protective factor, and examined its differential effects on mental health outcomes for Whites and non-Whites. Results indicate that despite frequent childhood abuse, social support is associated with less depression for Whites—its positive effects being most pronounced for those with the most severe abuse experiences. However, social support is associated with worst depression for non-Whites—its negative effects being most pronounced for those with severe abuse experiences. These findings demonstrate that the factors commonly considered as protective and beneficial for adult victims of abuse work differently across racial groups and in fact, may be detrimental for non-Whites.

scholarly journals Reduction of the oestrogenic effect of zearalenone in pigs by a feed additive

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Brydl ◽  
András Ványi ◽  
Róbert Glávits ◽  
László Könyves ◽  
Pál Rafai
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Large White ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

Zearalenone is phenolic resorcyclic acid lactone produced by a number of Fusarium species grown on grains, predominantly on maize, in high moisture environment. Due to its oestrogenic effects, feeds contaminated with zearalenone can cause striking negative effects on reproduction primarily in pigs. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of a feed additive developed for enzymatic decomposition of mycotoxins. A total of sixty 6-week-old conventional Dutch Landrace × Hungarian Large White F1 female pigs weaned at 30 ± 2 days of age were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Between 50 and 70 days of age, 4 groups of pigs (experimental) were treated with zearalenone (8 or 16 mg/pig dose) administered every other day via an oesophageal tube; pigs from the other two groups were not treated with zearalenone and served as controls. Throughout the experiment, the diet of two experimental groups and one control group was supplemented with a feed additive (named: Detoxa Plus) at a concentration of 1 kg/tonne; pigs from the other control group received neither zearalenone treatment, nor the feed additive. Pigs’ live weight, weight of ovaries and uterus, histological characteristics of the ovaries, uterus, vagina, spleen and lymph nodes, liver concentrations of zearalenone and its metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol) were studied. This study showed the preventive capacity of the feed additive against zearalenone. Positive effects included the prevention of uterine enlargement, beneficial effects on the histopathological scores of ovaries, uterus and vagina and reduced concentration of zearalenone and metabolites in the liver. This study demonstrates for the first time that due to its enzymatic activity Detoxa Plus renders zearalenone contaminated feeds less toxic.

scholarly journals Impact of television on children and adolescents: A research review

2016 ◽  
pp. 917-929
Author(s):  
Ana Pesikan
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

Media has one of the most important and under-recognized influence on health, development and behavior of children and adolescents. Television is still the most popular form of media among children and adolescents. In the last 50 years, more than a thousand researches have been carried out in the world showing the great impact of television on children and adolescents. Television shapes the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of children and adolescents and strongly influences their perception of reality. The high impact of television is neither recognized by children nor adults; they estimate that the media affect all others except themselves. Television can positively influence a child?s prosocial behavior and acquisition of certain types of knowledge. However, the positive effects have been much less common and usually obtained at a younger age (3-5 years). Most of the studies provide a persistent and robust findings indicating the correlation between exposure to television and a variety of health problems (such as obesity, low physical activity, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) and an increased risk of certain types of behavior (like poor dietary habits, less sleep, smoking, violent behavior, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.). The research results show that the potentials of television with beneficial effects on children have not been realized; the list of negative effects is much longer and much more diverse; and strategies to reduce the negative effects of television do not apply. The documented findings on the impact of television should elicit serious concern, not just from parents and educators but from many others such as physicians, public health advocates, entertainment industry, politicians, and government.

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