scholarly journals The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricica Pacurari ◽  
Ramzi Kafoury ◽  
Paul B. Tchounwou ◽  
Kenneth Ndebele
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

The RAAS through its physiological effectors plays a key role in promoting and maintaining inflammation. Inflammation is an important mechanism in the development and progression of CVD such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition to its main role in regulating blood pressure and its role in hypertension, RAAS has proinflammatory and profibrotic effects at cellular and molecular levels. Blocking RAAS provides beneficial effects for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Evidence shows that inhibition of RAAS positively influences vascular remodeling thus improving CVD outcomes. The beneficial vascular effects of RAAS inhibition are likely due to decreasing vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and positive effects on regeneration of endothelial progenitor cells. Inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNFα, IL-6, and CRP have key roles in mediating vascular inflammation and blocking RAAS negatively modulates the levels of these inflammatory molecules. Some of these inflammatory markers are clinically associated with CVD events. More studies are required to establish long-term effects of RAAS inhibition on vascular inflammation, vascular cells regeneration, and CVD clinical outcomes. This review presents important information on RAAS’s role on vascular inflammation, vascular cells responses to RAAS, and inhibition of RAAS signaling in the context of vascular inflammation, vascular remodeling, and vascular inflammation-associated CVD. Nevertheless, the review also equates the need to rethink and rediscover new RAAS inhibitors.

Long-term effects of lime on pasture yields and response to phosphate fertilizers on eight acidic soils

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
GJ Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Yield Responses

Eight experiments on acidic soils of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were carried out to measure lime effects on clover-based pastures and their response to fertilizer phosphate (P). Each experiment lasted 3 years. The seven soils deficient in P all responded to lime in the first year, and pasture yield responses were associated with lime-induced increases in isotopically exchangeable or soluble soil P or both. Three of these soils were also relatively high in soluble aluminium (Al) or manganese (Mn), and the lime-induced suppression of these toxic cations probably also contributed to the beneficial effects of lime. Negative effects of lime on fertilizer P response were more frequent than positive effects, and tended to occur on higher A1 soils. Lime eliminated the need for fertilizer P on at least three P-deficient soils during the 3 year period of the experiments, and this was also associated with increases in availability and uptake of soil P. Lime suppressed P sorptivity in all soils, but this caused an increase in fertilizer P effectiveness in only two soils (in the first year). Hence, the positive effect of lime on soluble soil P, which occurred on all soils and which would tend to lower fertilizer P effectiveness, seemed to be dominant over its negative effect on soil P sorptivity. Residual effects of lime and fertilizer P were similar, both declining after the first year, with five soils still responsive in the third year.

Abstract 60: Reduced Macrophage-dependent Inflammation Improves Endothelial Function and Vascular Remodeling, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Model Of Endothelin-1 Induced Vascular Injury

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tlili Barhoumi ◽  
Danesh Javeshghani ◽  
Pierre Paradis ◽  
Ernesto L Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Species Production

Background: Transgenic mice with endothelium specific preproendothelin-1 overexpression (eET-1) exhibit endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling, oxidative stress and inflammation independently of hemodynamic effects. However, it is unclear whether vascular inflammation is causally implicated in adverse vascular effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We hypothesized that ET-1-induced vascular injury is decreased in a model of reduced macrophage-dependent inflammation, macrophage colony stimulating factor ( mCsf ) mice heterozygote for the osteopetrosis (Op) mutation. Methods and Results: Wild type (WT), eET-1, mCsf Op/+ and eET-1/ mCsf Op/+ mice were studied. There was no difference in tail-cuff systolic blood pressure between groups. Endothelial function and vascular structure were determined on a pressurized myograph. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine was similar in eET-1 and eET-1/ mCsf Op/+ . However, in the presence of L-NAME, the magnitude of NO-independent relaxation was greater in eET-1/ mCsf Op/+ compared to eET-1 (72.4±6.7% vs. 40.8±14.4%, P <0.001). Media-to-lumen ratio was greater in eET-1 than WT (0.13±0.01 vs. 0.08±0.01, P <0.01) and unchanged in eET-1/ mCsf Op/+ (0.10±0.01). Media cross-sectional area (μm 2 ) was greater in eET-1 than WT (13521±2106 vs. 8112±381, P <0.05) and unchanged in eET-1/ mCsf Op/+ (8966±1125). Dihydroethidium staining revealed that reactive oxygen species production in aorta was 4-fold higher in eET-1 than WT ( P <0.01) and unchanged in eET-1/mCsf Op/+ . Aortic monocyte/macrophage infiltration was increased 2.6-fold in eET-1 ( P <0.01) and tended to decrease by 45% in eET-1/mCsf Op/+ compared to WT. Conclusion: Reduction of macrophage-dependent inflammation in mice overexpressing ET-1 in endothelium results in improved vascular relaxation and reduced vascular remodeling, oxidative stress and inflammation, providing evidence for a role of macrophages and innate immunity in ET-1-induced vascular damage.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Evocative Audio-Visual Installations on the Restorativeness in Urban Parks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8328
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Masullo ◽  
Luigi Maffei ◽  
Aniello Pascale ◽  
Vincenzo Paolo Senese ◽  
Simona De Stefano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Road traffic noise is responsible for several negative health effects for citizens in modern cities. Inside urban parks, which citizens use for social inclusion and cohesion, psychological and physical restoration, and physical activities, road traffic noise may significantly reduce the potential of these places to induce or enhance well-being. Although access restriction schemes and screens could be effective solutions to limit noise inside urban park areas, preserving their potential regenerative role may engender mobility, social, aesthetic, and architectural issues. Due to the positive effects that natural elements and water sounds can have on human perception, and based on the previous findings of the beneficial effects of audio-visual installations, this paper investigates the possibility of using audio-visual installations that simply evoke some natural features to improve the restoration of individuals inside urban parks. The study has been carried out using immersive virtual environments in two different experimental laboratory sessions in Hong Kong (China) and Aversa (Italy). The results showed that the positive effects provided by evocative installations were similar to those provided by traditional installations. Furthermore, the effects on the restoration increased as the installations became larger and included enveloping shapes. Furthermore, we found that the amount of evocative water installations’ material was responsible for changes in restoration. In contrast, the Chinese groups were less influenced by these installations.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Supplementation to Whole Milk Has Beneficial Effects on Post-Weaning Holstein Calf Performance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaslou ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Hamed Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

The positive effects of nucleotide (NU) supplementation in milk replacer have been elucidated in infants and in dairy calves; however, NU addition to whole milk has not been evaluated previously. This study aimed to assess NU supplementation in the whole milk on calf growth and health. Thirty Holstein calves (body weight: 39.1 ± 1.0 kg; 3 d after birth) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: whole milk without any supplementation (NU0), whole milk + 0.5 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS0.5), and whole milk + 1 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS1). Calves were weaned at d 55 and stayed on study until d 75. Calves had free access to feed and water throughout the study. Dry matter intakes (DMI) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05) during the pre-weaning period; however, increasing NU resulted in a linear (p < 0.05) increase in DMI during the post weaning period (2158, 2432, and 2518 g/d for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Treatments did not affect body weight (BW) at the first and second month of study, but final BW linearly increased as NU was added (87.1, 90.6, and 95.4 kg for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Neither pre-weaning average daily gain nor post-weaning average daily gain was affected by treatments; accordingly, feed efficiency was similar among treatment groups. Days with loose fecal score were linearly decreased as NU was added to whole milk during the first month of life, while the fecal score did not differ among treatments until the end of the study. No difference was observed in the skeletal growth of calves in the current study. Therefore, it can be concluded that NU supplementation in the whole milk has some beneficial effects on calf performance in terms of final BW, post-weaning DMI, and less days with loose feces.

scholarly journals Methodologies in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): Composition, Biological Activity, and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Bety W. Hapsari ◽  
Manikharda ◽  
Widiastuti Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), as an edible flower, has long provided an array of positive effects on human health. This benefit is a result of phenolic compounds that are naturally present mainly in the calyx. Plentiful medicinal remedies and functional foods based on this flower are available worldwide, as supported by the studies of phenolic compounds in recent decades. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the composition, biological activity, and beneficial effects on human health of phenolic compounds in roselle. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A structured search in the published literature for phenolics compositions in roselle was required prior to the evaluation on the validity of the reported analytical methods. Reliable identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in roselle can be achieved by employing the proper extraction and separation methods. With ample alternative analytical methods discussed here, this review provided an aid for comprehending and selecting the most appropriate method for a particular study. The applications of the analytical methods highlighted indicated that phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their derivatives have been identified and quantified in roselle with a range of biological activities and beneficial effects on human health. It was also disclosed that the composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in roselle vary due to the growth factors, cultivars, and environmental influence. Finally, apart from the research progress carried out with roselle during the last ten years, this review also proposed relevant future works.

scholarly journals Strawberry and Achenes Hydroalcoholic Extracts and Their Digested Fractions Efficiently Counteract the AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ariza ◽  
Tamara Forbes-Hernández ◽  
Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez ◽  
Sadia Afrin ◽  
Massimiliano Gasparrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Strawberry fruits are highly appreciated by consumers worldwide due to their bright red color, typical aroma, and juicy texture. While the biological activity of the complete fruit has been widely studied, the potential beneficial effects of the achenes (commonly named seeds) remain unknown. In addition, when raw fruit and achenes are consumed, the digestion process could alter the release and absorption of their phytochemical compounds, compromising their bioactivity. In the present work, we evaluated the protective effects against oxidative damage of nondigested and digested extracts from strawberry fruit and achenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. For that purpose, cells were treated with different concentration of the extracts prior to incubation with the stressor agent, AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride). Subsequently, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the percentage of live, dead, and apoptotic cells were determined. Our results demonstrated that all the evaluated fractions were able to counteract the AAPH-induced damage, suggesting that the achenes also present biological activity. The positive effects of both the raw fruit and achenes were maintained after the in vitro digestion process.

scholarly journals A Standardized Extract Prepared from Red Orange and Lemon Wastes Blocks High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4291
Author(s):  
Santina Chiechio ◽  
Magda Zammataro ◽  
Massimo Barresi ◽  
Margherita Amenta ◽  
Gabriele Ballistreri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Citrus fruits are a rich source of high-value bioactive compounds and their consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Red (blood) oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) are particularly rich in anthocyanins (95% of which are represented by cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-6″-malonyl-glucoside), flavanones (hesperidin, narirutin, and didymin), and hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, coumaric acid, sinapic, and ferulic acid). Lemon fruit (Citrus limon) is also rich in flavanones (eriocitrin, hesperidin, and diosmin) and other polyphenols. All of these compounds are believed to play a very important role as dietary antioxidants due to their ability to scavenge free radicals. A standardized powder extract, red orange and lemon extract (RLE), was obtained by properly mixing anthocyanins and other polyphenols recovered from red orange processing waste with eriocitrin and other flavanones recovered from lemon peel by a patented extraction process. RLE was used for in vivo assays aimed at testing a potential beneficial effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. In vivo experiments performed on male CD1 mice fed with a high-fat diet showed that an 8-week treatment with RLE was able to induce a significant reduction in glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the blood, with positive effects on regulation of hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism, thus suggesting a potential use of this new phytoextract for nutraceutical purposes.

scholarly journals Time for a general approval of growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Höybye ◽  
◽  
Anthony J. Holland ◽  
Daniel J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, multi-system, neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by neonatal muscular hypotonia, short stature, high risk of obesity, hypogonadism, intellectual disabilities, distinct behavioural/psychiatric problems and abnormal body composition with increased body fat and a deficit of lean body mass. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency and other hormone deficiencies are common due to hypothalamic dysfunction. In children with PWS GH treatment has been widely demonstrated to improve body composition, normalise height and improve psychomotor development. In adults with PWS, GH’s main effects are to maintain normal body structure and metabolism. The positive effects of GH treatment on body composition, physical fitness and beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk markers, behaviour and quality of life in adults with PWS are also well established from several studies. GH treatment is approved for treatment of children with PWS in many countries, but until recently not as a treatment in young adults in the transition period or for adults in general. In this commentary we want to draw attention to the uneven global use of GH treatment, specifically in adults with PWS, and advocate for GH treatment to be approved internationally, not just for children, but also for adults with PWS and based only on the diagnosis of genetically confirmed PWS.

scholarly journals Homocysteine and Hypertension in Diabetes: Does PPARγHave a Regulatory Role?

PPAR Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Sen ◽  
Suresh C. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Volume Retention

Dysfunction of macro- and microvessels is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardio-renovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Renal failure and impairment of renal function due to vasoconstriction of the glomerular arteriole in diabetic nephropathy leads to renal volume retention and increase in plasma homocysteine level. Homocysteine, which is a nonprotein amino acid, at elevated levels is an independent cardio-renovascular risk factor. Homocysteine induces oxidative injury of vascular endothelial cells, involved in matrix remodeling through modulation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) axis, and increased formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix protein, such as collagen. In heart this leads to increased endothelial-myocyte uncoupling resulting in diastolic dysfunction and hypertension. In the kidney, increased matrix accumulation in the glomerulus causes glomerulosclerosis resulting in hypofiltration, increased renal volume retention, and hypertension. PPARγagonist reduces tissue homocysteine levels and is reported to ameliorate homocysteine-induced deleterious vascular effects in diabetes. This review, in light of current information, focuses on the beneficial effects of PPARγagonist in homocysteine-associated hypertension and vascular remodeling in diabetes.

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