Leaf nitrogen allocation and partitioning in three groundwater-dependent herbaceous species in a hyper-arid desert region of north-western China

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Tao Zhu ◽  
Xiang-Yi Li ◽  
Xi-Ming Zhang ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Li-Sha Lin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Western China ◽  
Alhagi Sparsifolia ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Karelinia Caspica ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
North Western ◽  
N Use ◽  
Leaf N

Groundwater-dependent vegetation (GDV) is useful as an indicator of watertable depth and water availability in north-western China. Nitrogen (N) is an essential limiting resource for growth of GDV. To elucidate how leaf N allocation and partitioning influence photosynthesis and photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), three typical GDV species were selected, and their photosynthesis, leaf N allocation and partitioning were investigated in the Taklamakan Desert. The results showed that Karelinia caspica (Pall.) Less. and Peganum harmala L. had lower leaf N content, and allocated a lower fraction of leaf N to photosynthesis. However, they were more efficient in photosynthetic N partitioning among photosynthetic components. They partitioned a higher fraction of the photosynthetic N to carboxylation and showed higher PNUE, whereas Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. partitioned a higher fraction of the photosynthetic N to light-harvesting components. For K. caspica and P. harmala, the higher fraction of leaf N was allocated to carboxylation and bioenergetics, which led to a higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, and therefore to a higher PNUE, water-use efficiency (WUE), respiration efficiency (RE) and so on. In the desert, N and water are limiting resources; K. caspica and P. harmala can benefit from the increased PNUE and WUE. These physiological advantages and their higher leaf-area ratio (LAR) may contribute to their higher resource-capture ability.

scholarly journals Shifts in Leaf and Branch Elemental Compositions of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) Following Three-Year Rainfall Exclusion

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Tian Lin ◽  
Xuan Fang ◽  
Yongru Lai ◽  
Huaizhou Zheng ◽  
Jinmao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf N

We investigated changes in leaf and branch stoichiometry of Pinus massoniana caused by seasonal variation and experimental drought in response to a three-year manipulation of the rainfall exclusion. The results showed that (1) in response to rainfall exclusion manipulation, plant capacity to regulate leaf potassium (K) concentrations were notably lower than for leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Thus, the plants modulated leaf N and P concentrations to improve water use efficiency, which take part in drought resistance mechanisms. Leaf K concentrations decreased continuously, having additional indirect negative effects on plant fitness. (2) The effects of seasonal variation on both the leaf K and P concentrations were significantly stronger than on leaf N concentrations. High leaf N and P concentrations and a low N:P ratio in the growing season improved the growth rate. (3) Principal component analyses (PCA) revealed that to adapt to drought, the plants regulated nutrient elements and then maintained certain stoichiometries as a capital to resist stress. Our results suggest that, on nutrient-poor soils, a lack of N or P (or both) would probably impede P. massoniana’s response to drought.

scholarly journals Whitefly, aphids and thrips attack on cabbage

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano Leão Demolin Leite ◽  
Marcelo Picanço ◽  
Gulab Newandram Jham ◽  
Márcio Dionízio Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Cheiracanthium Inclusum ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Leaf N

The objective of this work was to investigate the relationships between predators and parasitoids, leaf chemical composition, levels of leaf nitrogen and potassium, total rainfall, relative humidity, daylight and median temperature on the intensity of whitefly, aphid, and thrips attack on cabbage. Whitefly, aphids and thrips population tended to proliferate in the final stage of plant or reached a peak population about 40 days after plantation. The whitefly and thrips tended to increase with an increase in the median temperature. A dependence of Cheiracanthium inclusum and Adialytus spp. populations on whitefly and aphids populations, respectively, was observed. No significant effect was detected between K and nonacosane leaf content and aphid population. However, an increase in leaf N content was followed by a decrease of this insect population. No significant relation was observed between leaf N, K and nonacosane and whitefly and thrips populations. Highest nonacosane levels were observed in plants 40 days after transplant, and relative humidity correlated negatively with nonacosane. Natural enemies, especially the parasitoid Adialytus spp. and the spiders can be useful controlling agents of the whitefly and aphids in cabbage. Median temperature can increase whitefly and thrips populations.

N uptake, N partitioning, and photosynthetic N-use efficiency of an old and a new maize hybrid

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. McCullough ◽  
A. Aguilera ◽  
M. Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Partitioning ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Leaf N

An old maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid (Pride 5) has been shown to be less tolerant to N stress than a new maize hybrid (Pioneer 3902) during early phases of development. The objective of this study was to quantify the response of the two hybids to N supply in terms of N uptake, N partitioning, and photosynthetic N–use efficiency. Plants were grown under controlled-environment conditions until the 12-leaf stage at three levels of N supply (i.e., 15 mM N, 2.5 mM N, and 0.5 mM N) and were sampled at the 4-, 8-, and 12-leaf stages. Rates of N uptake per unit ground area were higher for Pioneer 3902 than for Pride 5 under maximum N stress during the 8- to 12-leaf phase, but rates were higher for Pride 5 at high N. Rates of N uptake per unit root weight were higher for Pioneer 3902 than for Pride 5 under both medium and low N supply. The old hybrid (Pride 5) partitioned more dry matter and N to leaves than the new hybrid under low N supply, but leaf N per unit leaf area was higher for the new hybrid. The new hybrid (Pioneer 3902) maintained greater rates of leaf photosynthesis per unit leaf N regardless of N supply. Consequently, results indicate that the higher N-use efficiency of Pioneer 3902 under low N supply is associated with higher N uptake and a higher leaf N per unit leaf area. Key words:Zea mays L., dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis, leaf N

scholarly journals Pecan Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer Placement

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Agronomic N Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Use ◽  
Leaf N

Application method and placement can improve the efficiency of applied nitrogen (N) per unit of yield, potentially minimizing N loss and increasing the profit margin for pecan producers. The following treatments were evaluated for their effect on pecan leaf N concentration, pecan yield, nut quality, agronomic N use efficiency (AEN), and alternate bearing intensity (I); 1) emitter-adjacent application of liquid urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) (28N–0P–0K) with 5% sulfur (S); 2) broadcast application of dry ammonium nitrate (34N–0P–0K); 3) broadcast-band application of dry ammonium nitrate; 4) broadcast ground-spray application of liquid UAN; and 5) untreated control (2009–12). Leaf elemental tissue analysis, pecan yield, quality, and alternate bearing intensity indicate that pecans can be effectively fertilized with N using any of the application methods used in the current study. Based on AEN, it appears that pecans can be effectively fertilized at a lower field rate of N than is currently recommended and that the volume of fertilizer applied to pecan orchards can be significantly reduced by minimizing the area in the orchard to which N fertilizer is applied and eliminating excessive applications to vegetated row middles, which apparently offer little additional benefit to pecan leaf N, pecan quality, or yield.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Rubisco Activity and Photosynthesis in Apple Leaves with Different Nitrogen Content

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 530E-531
Author(s):  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Rubisco Activation ◽  
Leaf N

Based on the curvilinear relationship between carboxylation efficiency and leaf N in apple leaves, we hypothesized that deactivation of Rubisco accounts for the lack of response of photosynthesis to increasing leaf N under high N supply. A wide range of leaf N content (from 1.0 to 5.0 g·m–2) was achieved by fertigating bench-grafted Fuji/M26 apple trees for 6 weeks with different N concentrations using a modified Hoagland solution. Analysis of photosynthesis in response to intercellular CO2 under both 21% and 2% O2 indicated that photosynthesis at ambient CO2 was mainly determined by the activity of Rubisco. Measurements of Rubisco activity revealed that initial Rubisco activity increased with leaf N up to 3.0 g·m–2, then leveled off with further rise in leaf N, whereas total Rubisco activity increased linearly with increasing leaf N throughout the leaf N range. As a result, Rubisco activation state decreased with increasing leaf N. Photosynthesis at ambient CO2 and carboxylation efficiency were both linearly correlated with initial Rubisco activity, but showed curvilinear relationships with total Rubisco activity and leaf N. As leaf N increased, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency declined with decreasing Rubisco activation state.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Properties of Miscanthus condensatus at Volcanically Devastated Sites on Miyake-jima Island

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Xiulong Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xiaoxing Hu ◽  
Pengyao Zheng ◽  
Mitsuru Hirota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Properties ◽  
N Use ◽  
Internal Comparison

How photosynthetic-related leaf traits of non-nitrogen (N)-fixing pioneer species respond to extreme habitat conditions of primary succession is still not well-elucidated, especially in volcanically N-deplete habitats. The effect of N-deplete soil on photosynthetic-related leaf traits can provide a basis for predicting how plants adjust their strategies to adapt to such habitats. To examine the responses of leaf traits to extreme conditions, we investigated Miscanthus condensatus (a non-N-fixing C4 pioneer grass) which grows on a volcanically devastated area on Miyake-jima Island, Japan, in which the volcanic ash has been deposited for 17–18 years since the 2000-year eruption. Leaf N content (Narea), light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax), and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) in three contrasting study sites: bare land (BL), shrub land gap (SLG), and shrub land under canopy (SLUC) were determined. Results indicated that compared to previous studies and internal comparison of Miyake Island, M. condensatus in BL was able to maintain a relatively high Amax, Narea and PNUE. The higher Amax was in part a result of the higher PNUE. This is a characteristic necessary for its successful growth in N-deplete soils. These results suggest that M. condensatus has photosynthetic-related advantages for adaptation to volcanically N-deplete habitats.

scholarly journals Interannual Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency over an Oasis Cropland in Arid Regions of North-Western China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Junlei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Practice ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
North Western

The efficient use of limited water resources and improving the water use efficiency (WUE) of arid agricultural systems is becoming one of the greatest challenges in agriculture production and global food security because of the shortage of water resources and increasing demand for food in the world. In this study, we attempted to investigate the interannual trends of evapotranspiration and WUE and the responses of biophysical factors and water utilization strategies over a main cropland ecosystem (i.e., seeded maize, Zea mays L.) in arid regions of North-Western China based on continuous eddy-covariance measurements. This paper showed that ecosystem WUE and canopy WUE of the maize ecosystem were 1.90 ± 0.17 g C kg−1 H2O and 2.44 ± 0.21 g C kg−1 H2O over the observation period, respectively, with a clear variation due to a change of irrigation practice. Traditional flood irrigation generally results in over-irrigation, providing more water than actual crop requirements. Unlike flood irrigation, which can infiltrate into deep soil layers, drip irrigation can only influence the shallow soil moisture, which can lead to decreases of soil moisture of approximately 27–32% and 36–42% compared with flood irrigation for shallow and deep layers, respectively. Additionally, drip irrigation decreases evapotranspiration by 13% and transpiration by 11–14%, leading to increases in ecosystem and canopy WUE of 9–14% and 11%, respectively, compared to the traditional irrigation practice. Therefore, the drip irrigation strategy is an effective method to reduce irrigation water use and increase crop WUE in arid regions. Our study provides guidance to water-saving cultivation systems and has implications for sustainable water resources management and agriculture development in water-limited regions.

scholarly journals Response of ‘Italian Riesling’ Leaf Nitrogen Status and Fruit Composition (Vitis vinifera L.) to Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Janjanin ◽  
Marko Karoglan ◽  
Mirjana Herak Ćustić ◽  
Marijan Bubola ◽  
Mirela Osrečak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
N Compounds ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

Two-year study was conducted on Italian Riesling cultivar with the aim to compare the effect of foliar sprays with different nitrogen forms on grapevine leaf N status, yield, and nitrogen compounds in grape juice. Treatments included no fertilization (control), soil NPK treatment, and three foliar treatments [amino acids, urea, ammonia (NH4+)/nitrate] applied four times during season, also treated with soil NPK. The application of 1% w/v urea significantly increased leaf total leaf N content in the second year of study. However, there were no effects on N compounds in grape juice, since changes in free amino nitrogen (FAN), NH4+, and consequently yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) were not consistent among the treatments and experimental years. Although increase of vine leaf N status was achieved by 1% w/v urea, additional modifying of application time (by moving it closer to veraison) is needed, with the aim to increase N compounds in grape juice as well.

scholarly journals Whole-plant optimality predicts changes in leaf nitrogen under variable CO2 and nutrient availability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Caldararu ◽  
Tea Thum ◽  
Lin Yu ◽  
Sönke Zaehle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
List Type ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
N Content ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

SummaryVegetation nutrient limitation is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to global change. In particular, leaf nitrogen (N) is known to be plastic under changed nutrient limitation. However, models can often not capture these observed changes, leading to erroneous predictions of whole-ecosystem stocks and fluxes.We hypothesise that an optimality approach can improve representation of leaf N content compared to existing empirical approaches. Unlike previous optimality-based approaches, which adjust foliar N concentrations based on canopy carbon export, we use a maximisation criteria based on whole-plant growth and allow for a lagged response of foliar N to this maximisation criterion to account for the limited plasticity of this plant trait. We test these model variants at a range of Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) and N fertilisation experimental sites.We show a model solely based on canopy carbon export fails to reproduce observed patterns and predicts decreasing leaf N content with increased N availability. However, an optimal model which maximises total plant growth can correctly reproduce the observed patterns.The optimality model we present here is a whole-plant approach which reproduces biologically realistic changes in leaf N and can thereby improve ecosystem-level predictions under transient conditions.

Heterogeneity of photosynthesis within leaves is associated with alteration of leaf structural features and leaf N content per leaf area in rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Xiong ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
N Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

Increasing leaf photosynthesis rate (A) is considered an important strategy to increase C3 crop yields. Leaf A is usually represented by point measurements, but A varies within each leaf, especially within large leaves. However, little is known about the effect of heterogeneity of A within leaves on rice performance. Here we investigated the changes in gas-exchange parameters and leaf structural and chemical features along leaf blades in two rice cultivars. Stomatal and mesophyll conductance as well as leaf nitrogen (N), Rubisco and chlorophyll contents increased from base to apex; consequently, A increased along leaves in both cultivars. The variation in A, leaf N content and Rubisco content within leaves was similar to the variations among cultivars, and the extent of A heterogeneity within leaves varied between cultivars, leading to different efficiencies of biomass accumulation. Furthermore, variation of A within leaves was closely associated with leaf structural and chemical features. Our findings emphasise that functional changes along leaf blades are associated with structural and chemical trait variation and that variation of A within leaves should be considered to achieve progress in future breeding programs.

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