The marked flooding tolerance of seedlings of a threatened swamp gum: implications for the restoration of critical wetland forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Greet
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Wetland Forests ◽  
Tree Dieback ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Leadbeater's Possum

Wetland forests home to the last remaining wild populations of the helmeted honeyeater and lowland Leadbeater’s possum are under threat from tree dieback and a lack of natural regeneration, putatively the result of an altered hydrological regime. To restore these critical wetland forests, a better understanding of the flooding tolerance of the seedlings of the dominant tree species, Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill, is essential. I tested the effect of flooding on the establishment and growth of E. camphora seedlings in three nursery-based experiments. These experiments involved E. camphora seedlings of different ages (1, 3, and 8 months old) being subjected to different depths and durations (up to 12 months) of flooding. Eucalyptus camphora seedlings were able to survive and grow while flooded for 12 months as long as they were emergent. However, flooding negatively affected the growth of E. camphora seedlings, with these effects increasing with increasing depth and duration of flooding, and decreasing seedling age. The ability of E. camphora seedlings to survive prolonged shallow flooding is considerable, an ability enabled by its rapid and extensive production of aerenchyma tissue and stem-borne adventitious roots under flooded conditions. Nonetheless, conditions for E. camphora seedling establishment and growth are likely to improve with reduced flooding, with an absence of flooding during its growth period (early spring–late summer) most favourable.

Isolation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Clinical Samples in Some Hospitals in Shiraz, Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Majid Baserisalehi ◽  
Samira Zarezadeh ◽  
Majid Baserisalehi ◽  
Saeed Shoa
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging pathogenic non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacillus species. It has caused many nosocomial infections and can be isolated from various hospital wards and healthcare facilities. Research has shown that most of its strains are inherently resistant to many antibiotics and have multidrug resistance. This research intended to determine its occurrence frequency at some Hospitals in shiraz, Iran. The present study was conducted in six months (from early spring to late summer 2019). Clinical samples (Blood, Urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) collected from 120 patients afflicted with various infections. The samples were transferred to the Laboratory and subjected to microbiological analysis. Identification of the isolates was carried out by phenotypic methods and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates verified using molecular methods. In total, various bacteria were isolated from 84 clinical samples. The isolates were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from 17 (20.2%) positive samples and most of them were isolated from blood samples. Our finding indicated that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated more from blood samples follow by CSF sample. In addition, our finding illustrated that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can be considered as the common nosocomial agent at hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides on the Management of the Invasive Weed Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Jackline Abu-Nassar ◽  
Maor Matzrafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Late Growth

Solanum rostratum Dunal is an invasive weed species that invaded Israel in the 1950s. The weed appears in several germination flashes, from early spring until late summer. Recently, an increase in its distribution range was observed, alongside the identification of new populations in the northern part of Israel. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide application for the control of S. rostratum using two field populations originated from the Golan Heights and the Jezreel Valley. While minor differences in herbicide efficacy were recorded between populations, plant growth stage had a significant effect on herbicide response. Carfentrazone-ethyl was found to be highly effective in controlling plants at both early and late growth stages. Metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and tembutrione showed reduced efficacy when applied at later growth stage (8–9 cm height), as compared to the application at an early growth stage (4–5 cm height). Tank mixes of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen with different concentrations of surfactant improved later growth stage plant control. Taken together, our study highlights several herbicides that can improve weed control and may be used as chemical solutions alongside diversified crop rotation options. Thus, they may aid in preventing the spread and further buildup of S. rostratum field populations.

scholarly journals Meteorological factors affect the hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Qingdao, China, 2007–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. JIANG ◽  
F. YANG ◽  
L. CHEN ◽  
J. JIA ◽  
Y. L. HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis

SUMMARYHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has caused public health concerns worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the HFMD epidemic in Qingdao, a port city in China. A total of 78641 cases were reported in Qingdao between January 2007 and December 2014. Of those, 71084 (90·39%) occurred in children aged 0–5 years, with an incidence of 1691·2/100000. The incidence increased from early spring, peaked between spring and summer, and decreased in late summer. Aetiological agents in all severe cases and selected mild cases were characterized by examining throat swabs. Except for enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), other EVs caused >50% of the HFMD cases between 2011 and 2014. EV71 was more frequent in the off-peak months than in the peak months and prone to causing more severe cases compared to CA16 (χ2 = 46·3, P < 0·001). CA10 caused more severe HFMD than did CA6 (χ2 = 20·49, P < 0·001) and all non-CA10 EVs (χ2 = 41·01, P < 0·001). Community-derived HFMD cases accounted for 65·11%. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HFMD incidence in children aged 0–5 years was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature (rs = 0·77, P < 0·001), relative humidity (rs = 0·507, P < 0·001), and precipitation (rs = 0·328, P < 0·001). Climate changes and CA10 surveillance in communities should be integrated into the current prophylactic programme.

scholarly journals Fish nursery value of algae habitats in temperate coastal reefs

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmar Hinz ◽  
Olga Reñones ◽  
Adam Gouraguine ◽  
Andrew F. Johnson ◽  
Joan Moranta
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Fish Nursery ◽  
Prey Biomass ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Time Of Year

The nursery function of coastal habitats is one of the most frequently mentioned and recognized ecosystem services in the valuation of coastal ecosystems. Despite its importance our understanding of the precise habitat parameters and mechanisms that make a habitat important as a nursery area is still limited for many species. The study aimed to establish the importance of different algae morphotypes in providing shelter and food for juvenile coastal fish during the main settlement peaks, in early spring and late summer, in littoral rocky reef systems in the Northwestern Mediterranean. The results of our study showed strong seasonal differences in algae cover, composition and height between the two sampling periods. Overall, during spring the algae were well developed, while in late summer, both density and height, of most algae decreased considerably. Equally, prey biomass, in form of suitable sized invertebrate fauna associated to the algae, decreased. Accordingly, the shelter and food for the fish settling in this habitat during late summer were less abundant, indicating a mismatch between the observed presence of juvenile fish and optimal habitat conditions. Differences in prey densities were detected between algae morphotypes, with structurally more complex algae, such as Cystoseira spp. and Halopteris spp. consistently containing more prey, independent of season, compared to simpler structured morphotypes such as Dictoytales. The study furthermore related juvenile fish density to habitats dominated by different algae morphotypes. Out of the three-study species (Diplodus vulgaris, Symphodus ocellatus, Coris julis) only S. ocellatus showed a significant association with an algae habitat. S. ocellatus related positively to habitats dominated by Dictoytales which provided the highest cover during late summer but had the lowest prey densities. A strong association of this species with Cystoseira, as reported by other studies, could not be confirmed. Cystoseira was abundant within the study area but in a state of dieback, showing loss and reduced height of foliage, typical for the time of year within the study area. It is therefore likely that algae-fish associations are context-dependent and that several algae species may fulfil similar functions. We also discovered that prey biomass did not appear to have an important effect on juvenile abundances. Nevertheless, the availability of prey may influence juvenile fish condition, growth performance and ultimately long-term survival. We therefore suggest that future studies on habitat quality should also include, besides abundance, indicators related to the condition and growth of juveniles.

scholarly journals Sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon male parr may be triggered both in early spring and late summer under standard farming conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Ciani ◽  
Kristine von Krogh ◽  
Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi ◽  
Ian Mayer ◽  
Romain Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immature Fish

AbstractMale Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) display different sexual strategies, maturing either as parr during the freshwater phase (as sneaky spawners), or as post smolts following one or several years at sea. First sexual maturation (puberty) occurs at different times depending on environmental and genetic factors. To improve our knowledge on the timing (age and season) of first sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon male parr, we investigated pubertal activation in second generation farmed salmon from the Norwegian river Figgjo, reared under natural conditions of photoperiod and water temperature. Histological analysis, in combination with morphometric measurements, plasma androgen levels and pituitary gonadotropin gene expression analysis revealed that, as previously reported, some male parr initiated early sexual maturation in spring at one year of age. Interestingly, some male parr were observed to initiate sexual maturation already in autumn, six months after hatching (under-yearlings), much earlier than reported in previous studies. One-year old maturing males showed a low induction in gonadotropin levels, while under-yearling maturing males displayed a significant increase in fshb transcripts as compared to immature fish. Plasma testosterone, detectable also in immature males, increased constantly during testes development, while 11-ketotestosterone, undetectable in immature and early maturing males, increased during more advanced stages of maturation. A mild feminization of the testes (ovotestes) was detected in a subset of samples. This study brings new knowledge on the little investigated field of sexually maturing under-yearlings in Atlantic salmon. This is also the first study comparing the physiology of under-yearling vs one-year old maturing male parr, thus bringing new insights to the remarkable plasticity of Atlantic salmon puberty.

scholarly journals Araneus bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
Eduardo Morano ◽  
Raul Bonal
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Forest Arthropods

The new species Araneusbonali Morano, sp. n. (Araneae, Araneidae) collected in central and western Spain is described and illustrated. Its novel status is confirmed after a thorough revision of the literature and museum material from the Mediterranean Basin. The taxonomy of Araneus is complicated, but both morphological and molecular data supported the genus membership of Araneusbonali Morano, sp. n. Additionally, the species uniqueness was confirmed by sequencing the barcode gene cytochrome oxidase I from the new species and comparing it with the barcodes available for species of Araneus. A molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes, retrieved a clade with a moderate support that grouped Araneusdiadematus Clerck, 1757 with another eleven species, but neither included Araneusbonali sp. n. nor Araneusangulatus Clerck, 1757, although definitive conclusions about the relationships among Araneus species need more markers examined and a broader taxonomic coverage. The new species was collected on isolated holm oaks and forest patches within agricultural landscapes. Adults were mostly trapped on tree trunks, where their lichen-like colours favour mimicry, while juveniles were collected on tree branches. Specimens were never found either in ground traps or grass samples. This species overwinters as egg, juveniles appear in early spring, but reproduction does not take place until late summer-early autumn. Araneusbonali Morano, sp. n. was found in the same locality from where another new spider species was described. Nature management policies should thus preserve isolated trees as key refuges for forest arthropods in agricultural landscapes, as they may be hosting more unnoticed new species. After including Araneusbonali Morano, sp. n. and removing doubtful records and synonymies, the list of Araneus species in the Iberian Peninsula numbers eight.

scholarly journals MANAWATU DAIRY FARMERS EXPERIENCES WITH MATUA PRAIRIE GRASS

1988 ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Sellars
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Prairie Grass

Manawatu dairy farmers have been quick to appreciate the possible benefits of a pasture species that can out-perform conventional ryegrass white clover based pastures. A survey conducted by Grasslands Division, DSIR in 1985 showed knowledge and use of Matua praire grass by dairy farmers in the Wellington province were 70% and 42% respectively, compared with the national figures of 55% and 29% for dairy farmers, and 32% and 9% for non-dairy farmers. When Matua was first released little data was available as to how best to sow the seed, what seed mixes are the most appropriate, how to manage the establishing pasture, and how to get the best from an established pasture. Researchers and pioneering farmers right around the country have by trial and error found the answers to most of these questions. The stimulus to find the answers was always the promise that Matua offered, that of 15 to 30% extra drymatter production compared to standard ryegrass pastures. Not only is there more annual drymatter, but the extra comes at very useful times for the dairyfarmer: winter, early spring and late summer.

scholarly journals Evaporite Dissolution Rate through an on-site Experiment into Piezometric Tubes Applied to the Real Case-Study of Quinis (NE Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Calligaris ◽  
Lisa Ghezzi ◽  
Riccardo Petrini ◽  
Davide Lenaz ◽  
Luca Zini
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Different Depths

The present paper deals with a field experiments on evaporite rock samples and groundwater investigations in the Quinis test site, a hamlet of the Enemonzo municipality in NE Italy, were sinkholes occurred in the past and are still occurring causing severe damage to the existing infrastructures. The area is characterised by a Carnian evaporitic bedrock made of gypsum and anhydrite mantled by alluvial and colluvial deposits. In order to evaluate the loss of weight and volume of the subcropping evaporites as responsible for sinkholes, a field-experiment was carried out. Inside seven piezometers, at different depths, evaporitic rock samples were exposed to the naturally occurring variable climatic conditions such as degree of humidity, different air flow and hydrodynamic. The rock samples were installed at the beginning of April 2017 in the dry sections of piezometric tubes, in the vadose zone and in the phreatic zone. Data related to water level fluctuations were recorded by using data-logger devices and highlight significant changes in the water table. After 13 months of data recording (May 2018), rock samples were removed, reweighted and the volume loss measured. In addition, water from piezometer-experiment, representative of the groundwater circulation, were collected at different depths. The obtained results indicate that rock sample reduction is dependent on the hydrological regime and water chemistry and not on the number of days during which the samples remained submersed. In particular, the water geochemistry highlights the possible role in gypsum/anhydrite dissolution due to NaCl water admixing in a complex scenario. In additional, the geochemical data highlight the occurrence of some potentially toxic elements (As, Fe, Mn) at concentrations of concern in some water. This approach represents a novel contribution in the study of karst hazard in evaporites adding a tile to the knowledge of the fast evolutionary processes which cause sinkhole formation.

AIR-BORNE POLLEN SURVEYS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Results from 17 pollen collecting stations in British Columbia indicate that air-borne pollen of ragweeds and their relatives, the principal causative agents of hay fever in North America, is practically absent throughout the province. Coniferous trees and shrubs such as pines, spruces, firs, cedars, Douglas fir, hemlocks and junipers produce the greater part of the air-borne pollen from March to early July. Pollen from alders, poplars, willows and birches is also prevalent in some areas in the early spring. The peak periods of grass pollen near the United States–Canadian border occur mainly in June and the early part of July, while further north they are about a month later. Of the four types of plantain pollen identified from the different collecting stations, English plantain was the most common, especially in the southwesterly part of the province. Pollen from the lambs’-quarters and amaranth families and wormwoods occurs mainly in the late summer and early fall and is more abundant in the dry interior than along the coast.

scholarly journals Influence of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill on the Surrounding Environment: Landfill Vegetation as a Potential Risk of Allergenic Pollen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Daria Vaverková ◽  
Dana Adamcová ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Eugeniusz Koda ◽  
Jana Červenková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Growing Seasons

When the landfill use comes to end, important subsequent steps include aftercare, safety assurance, and ecological regeneration. Landfill revegetation is cost-effective and eco-friendly approach in the management of landfill areas, which serves the purpose of stabilization and provides a pleasant landscape. There are various vegetation types that can be planted, yet grass species are often used for low-cost reasons. Plants can be important sources of air pollution, particularly by grass pollen. The main goal of our study was to identify plant species that produce allergenic pollen. Long-term vegetation monitoring took place on three sites in the growing seasons of years 2008–2018. Studied objects were landfills located in the Czech Republic. The vegetation was assessed using a floristic survey of identified plant species. Plant species that produced allergens were recorded. During the monitoring, 298 plant species were determined. Plant species with allergenic pollen have a considerable share in the landfill vegetation. Thus, landfills are potential sources of various kinds of allergenic pollen. Moreover, our results indicated that there are three periods of pollen production: early spring, late spring, and early summer; late summer; and autumn. The second period is typical for the production of highly allergenic pollen by grasses. Most detected plant species with allergenic pollen are common for all monitored sites, which demonstrates that the vegetation of landfills is a significant source of allergenic pollen.

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