Persistence, productivity, nutrient composition, and aphid tolerance of Cullen spp.

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hayes ◽  
G. D. Li ◽  
B. S. Dear ◽  
A. W. Humphries ◽  
J. R. Tidd
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
P Content ◽  
Grazed Swards ◽  
Aphid Tolerance

The persistence, productivity, and nutrient content of accessions of Cullen australasicum, C. cinereum, C. tenax, and C. parvum were compared with lucerne (Medicago sativa) in grazed swards for 3 years on an acid soil in southern New South Wales. All Cullen spp. established satisfactorily from seed sown into a cultivated seed bed, but C. australasicum accessions were more persistent than C. cinereum, C. parvum, and C. tenax, which declined to a frequency of <5% by the start of the fourth year under rotational grazing. Cullen australasicum was the most productive of the 4 Cullen spp. with herbage yields similar to the lucerne cv. Sceptre. Leaves and stems of the Cullen spp. had significantly lower S, K, B, and Na contents than lucerne. The herbage P content of all Cullen spp., except C. tenax, was lower than in lucerne. Calcium and Mn levels were higher in C. australasicum than in all other species. Sheep often avoided grazing all Cullen spp. when other herbage was available, suggesting that these species had lower palatability. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) of lucerne herbage (76%) in September was higher than in C. australasicum (74.3%), C. cinereum (71.3%), and C. tenax (69.7%) (P < 0.001). The metabolisable energy content of the herbage of C. australasicum was similar to lucerne (10.7–10.9 MJ/kg DM) but was lower in C. cinereum and C. tenax (9.9–10.3 MJ/kg DM). The crude protein content of the 4 Cullen spp. was similar (21.4–22.3%) but significantly lower than for lucerne (33.6%). Glasshouse studies found C. australasicum, C. cinereum, C. pallidum, C. parvum, and C. tenax to be moderately to highly susceptible to bluegreen aphids (BGA) (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji), but one C. australasicum accession was highly tolerant, suggesting that aphid susceptibility can be overcome by selection. All 5 Cullen species proved highly resistant to spotted alfalfa aphids (Therioaphis trifolii Monell). Cullen australasicum was found to be susceptible to Alfalfa mosaic virus, which resulted in stunting of growth of some plants in the field experiment. Of the 4 Cullen spp. examined in the field experiment, C. australasicum demonstrated the most potential as a forage plant for low-rainfall regions with superior persistence and productivity under grazing and the highest resistance to BGA.

Response of mungbean to NPK and lime under the conditions of Vindhyan Region of Uttar Pradesh

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Swaroop Meena ◽  
Dinesh Varma ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Ekta Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Npk Uptake

A field experiment was conducted for the management of soil acidity with fertility and lime levels to sustain the productivity of acid soil of Vindhyyan region of Uttar Pradesh (India). Results of the study demonstrated that significant improvement in plant height (49.23 cm), number of nodule (76.95), dry weight of nodule (49.75 mg), highest LAI (4.45), yield parameters, yields, protein (21.39%), nutrient content and total NPK uptake (96.68 kg/ha ) were recorded with 100% RDF. Similar results were observed for all growth and yield parameters such as protein (%), nutrient (%) and total NPK uptake by crop with application of 200 kg lime/ha. A significantly higher seed yield (6.22 q/ha) was recorded with 100 % RDF + 200 kg lime/ha as compared to other treatment combinations, which was at par with 100 % RDF + 300 kg lime/ha and 125 % RDF + 300 kg lime/ha.

scholarly journals NILAI NUTRISI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN PAKAN RUSA TIMOR (Cervus timorensis) DI PENANGKARAN BANGSING, PUPUAN, TABANAN, BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Desak Putu Adnyani ◽  
I Ketut Ginantra ◽  
Ni Luh Suriani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
P Content ◽  
Selection Of

This study aims to determine the selection of plants and nutrient content of plant species selected by Timor deer (Cervus timorensis). This research was conducted in Penangkaran Bangsing, Pupuan, Tabanan, Bali. Determination of the composition of plant species of Timor deer feed (C. timorensis) using the direct method. The species of plants eaten by Timor deer are identified to the species level. The nutrient content of crude protein is determined by Semi-micro Kjeldahl technique, energy content (GE) with Bomb calorimeter, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) content by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS) technique. Selection of the plant species eaten using the Ivlev selection index. The nutrient content of plant species is eaten compared to the standard nutrient content for timor deer. The results of the study were 13 species of selected plants, namely Impreata cylindrica, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum ranusum, Axonopus compressus, Panicum muticum, Spilatnhes paniculata, Mikania micrantha, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra sp, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Sechium edule, Diplazium esculentum, Pogostemon auricularia. The crude protein content ranged from 9.30 - 31.18%, GE 2.724 – 4.446 kcal / g, Ca 0.02 - 0.84%, and P 0.32 to 3.01%. The nutrient content is eaten according to nutritional standards according to Tuckwell (2003).   Keywords : timor deer (Cervus timorensis), selection of plant spesies, nutrient content

EFFECTS OF LIME ON EXTRACTABLE ALUMINUM AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES AND ON BARLEY AND ALFALFA GROWN IN POT TESTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLEAN ◽  
R. L. HALSTEAD ◽  
B. J. FINN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content

Liming of six acid soil samples in an incubation experiment with rates to raise the soil pH to 6.0 or above eliminated Al soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, reduced soluble Mn and Zn, increased NO3-N markedly, and at the highest pH increased the amounts of NaHCO3-soluble P in some of the soils. In corresponding pot experiments, liming increased the yield of alfalfa and in three of the soils the yield of barley also. Liming reduced the concentrations of the metals in the plants and at the highest pH tended to increase the P content of the plants. Liming to a pH of about 5.3 eliminated or greatly reduced soluble Al and the soils were base saturated as measured by the replacement of Al, Ca, and Mg by a neutral salt. There was some evidence that liming to reduce soluble Al and possibly Mn was beneficial for plant growth. Gypsum increased the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn in 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soils whereas phosphate reduced them. The changes in the Mn content of the plants following these treatments were in agreement with the amounts of Mn in the CaCl2 extracts.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEADOW FOXTAIL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM ◽  
J. N. TINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
N Rates

The effects of spring-applied nitrogen (0, 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha) and phosphorus (0 and 27.4 kg/ha) on the dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality of successive harvests of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) were investigated. Nitrogen increased DM yield, crude protein, Cu, K and Zn contents and decreased P, Ca, Mg and Mn contents. Application of P in combination with N increased K content in the first cut and arrested the decline of P content due to N application in all cuts. The levels of dry matter digestibility and Cu declined in successive cuts whereas Mn content increased. At low N rates, Ca and Mg contents increased as the season advanced.

scholarly journals FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nurhayati D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
P Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leucaena Species

Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH &gt;5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m above sea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowth of KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L. diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizers on Nutrient Content and Uptake of Aromatic Local Transplant Aman Rice Varieties in Acid Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Mousomi ◽  
Mohammad Noor Hossain Miah ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Imtiaz Miah
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

A pot experiment was conducted at the experimental net house of the Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh to observe the effect of fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake of local aromatic rice varieties during the Aman season of 2015. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five local aromatic rice varieties (Kalizira: V1, Muktasail: V2, Nagrasail: V3, Maloti: V4 and Chinigura: V5) and four packages of fertilizers (F1:  Recommended package i.e. 45-10-20-10-0.5 kg ha-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn, F2: 2/3rd of recommended package, F3: 1/3rd of recommended package, and F4: Control) were used. Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 were used as N, P, K, S and Zn source, respectively. According to the treatment, all fertilizers were applied as basal during final pot preparation while urea was applied in two equal splits (one half as basal and another half at 40 DAT). Nutrient content and uptake of the aromatic rice varieties were significantly affected by the application of different fertilizer packages (with few exceptions). Mostly Kalizira (1.10-0.44-2.31-0.67-13.75 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) and/or Nagrasail (1.15-0.46-2.70-0.62-11.74 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) varieties showed the highest nutrient uptake in grain and straw with recommended package of fertilizers. While in maximum cases Chinigura (0.41-0.16-0.76-0.197-3.17 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) was observed to have the lowest with control treatment. In case of post harvest soil nutrient analyses, Kalizira and/or Chinigura variety associated with recommended package of fertilizers showed the highest nutrient status.

scholarly journals Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana under different canopy and soil acidity level in oil palm estate

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Iwan Herdiawan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

<p class="abstrak2">Oil palm estate area in Indonesia is generally located in a sub-optimal land that has great opportunity for the development of forage supply. This study aims were to determine productivity of <em>Indigofera</em> zollingeriana under various canopy level. This research used factorial randomized block design with 3 canopy levels (under 2, 5, and 7 year oil palm canopy) and 2 levels of soil acidity (neutral and acid soil) treatments, where each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters observed were production and nutrient content of <em>Indigofera</em> zollingeriana. Research results showed that there was no interaction between the canopy levels and soil acidity on the production of fresh leaves, stems/branches, biomass, and leaves/stem ratio of I. zollingeriana. Production of fresh leaves, stems, biomass, and leaves/branches ratio of <em>I. </em>zollingeriana significantly (P &lt;0.01) decreased along with increase of canopy level. Soil acidity significantly (P &lt;0.05) decreased production of fresh leaves, stems, biomass, and leaves/branches ratio. Level of canopy treatment significantly (P &lt;0.05) increased content of crude protein, crude fiber and energy, otherwise value of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibilyity (IVOMD) were decrease. Soil acidity significantly (P &lt;0.05) decreased calcium content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of <em>I. </em>zollingeriana.</p>

PSI-9 Digestibility and metabolizable energy content of supplemented diets based on native shrubs and buffelgrass for small ruminants in northeastern Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Perrusquía Tejeida ◽  
Nydia Corina Vásquez Aguilar ◽  
Humberto González Rodríguez ◽  
Hugo Bernal Barragán ◽  
Fernando Sánchez Dávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
Native Shrubs

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing 10% of sorghum grain (SG), soybean meal (SBM) or dried citrus pulp (DCP) upon dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and metabolizable energy content (ME) of diets based on dried leaves of two shrub species (Acacia farnesiana and Acacia rigidula) and one grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) browsed by small ruminants. Twelve experimental diets were elaborated using three forage sources: C. ciliaris, A. farnesiana and A. rigidula and evaluated either alone (0% supplementation) or supplemented with 10% of SG (9.0% CP, 22.3% NDF), SBM (42.8% CP, 16.3% NDF) or DCP (4.9% CP, 19.1% NDF). In vitro DMD (Daisy incubator, ANKOM) at 48 h, and in vitro gas production (GP, in calibrated 100 mL glass syringes) at 24 h, were determined by incubating samples in an inoculum prepared by using rumen liquor of two rumen fistulated sheep and artificial saliva in a 1:4 ratio. OMD and ME content were calculated from the gas production, crude protein, ash, and ether extract content. Data were evaluated according to a 3 x 4 factorial experiment. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) forage source x supplement interaction effects. Leaves of A. farnesiana had higher (P &lt; 0.05) DMD (64%), GP (26 mL), ME (1910 kcal ME/kg DM), and OMD (53%) than other forages (mean 47% DMD, 17 mL GP, 1232 kcal ME/kg DM, and 39% DMO). Supplements increased (P &lt; 0.05) DMD (average +8%), but only DCP increased (P &lt; 0.05) the GP (+23%) of evaluated forages. Leaves of A. farnesiana had higher DMD (P &lt; 0.05; 64%). There were no effects (P &gt;0.05) of the 10% added supplements in ME content or DMO. In conclusion, leaves of A. farnesiana and DCP are valuable sources of nutrients and energy for small ruminants in northeastern Mexico.

scholarly journals Response of spring wheat to NPK and S fertilization. The content and uptake of macronutrients and the value of ionic ratios

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1059-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Klikocka ◽  
Marek Marks ◽  
Bożena Barczak ◽  
Bogdan Szostak ◽  
Anna Podleśna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
S Application ◽  
S Fertilizers

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizers on the content and uptake of macronutrients by grain dry mass (DM) of spring wheat. A field experiment was conducted in southeastern Poland on Cambisols (WRB 2007), in conditions of low S content in the soil. The experiment included 2 factors: fertilization with N (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha-1) and with S (0, 50 kg ha-1).The experiment showed a positive response of spring wheat to N and S fertilization. The highest grain yield was found after application of 80 kg N ha-1 and addition of 50 kg S ha-1 (5.43 t ha-1). The described combination resulted in beneficial content of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) (P –4.267, K–4.533, Mg–1.567, Ca–0.433 g kg-1) and uptake of macroelements by grain dry mass (DM) (P–20.48, K–21.79, Mg–7.52, Ca–2.08 kg ha-1). A generally positive correlation was found between content and uptake of macronutrients with exception of P content. Fertilization with N caused significantly narrowed mass ratios of K+: Ca2+, K+: Mg2+ and mass and mole ratio of K+:(Ca2++Mg2+) and increased mass ratio of Ca:P. While S application narrowed significantly, mass ratios of K+:Ca2+ and K+: (Ca2+ + Mg2+) and increased mass ratio of Ca:P.

Digestible energy of wheat and oat grains when fed to sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials

In pen feeding trials with eight Merino wethers, digestion coefficients were estimated for rations of cereal chaff-wheat grain-oat grain mixture, and wheat grain and oat grain fed separately at two levels of intake. Digestion coefficients for wheat and oat grain fed at 675 g/day in a double crossover experiment were dry matter 89.4, 80.8 per cent, organic matter 90.1, 82.6 per cent, protein 82.3, 77.6 per cent, ether extract 84.1, 90.9 per cent, crude fibre 33.2, 59.9 per cent, nitrogen free extractives 93.2, 85.8 per cent, energy 88.1, 81.0 per cent, total digestible nutrients 91.6, 87.1 per cent, and starch equivalents 90.7, 85.7. When these grains were fed at 785 g/day there was about 10 per cent improvement in crude fibre digestibility for both grains and 1-2 per cent improvement for other estimations with oats but not with wheat. The gross energy content of the wheat and oat grains when fed at 675 g/day was 4407 and 4700 calories/g dry matter. The digestible energy of the wheat in calories/g dry matter and organic matter was 3869 � 30, 3933 � 30 and for oats 3791 � 59, 3910 � 61. When fed at 785 g/day these values for wheat were 3850 � 50,3911 � 51 and for oats 3796 � 34, 3913 � 51. A highly significant relationship was found between energy and dry matter digestibility which for wheat diets was Y = 1.074x 7.840. r = 0.993 (P<0.001), and for oats and the mixed diet of cereal chaff-oat grain-wheat grain, Y = 0.983x + 1.550. r = 0.996 (P<0.001) where Y = energy and X = dry matter digestibility and r = the coefficient of correlation. Because of the similar digestible energy content of, and the body weight gains of sheep on, these two grains it was concluded that under the present conditions these grains were equivalent weight for weight.

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