Pathotype diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. mungcola causing wilt on mungbean (Vigna radiata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Suli Sun ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Feifei Sun ◽  
Canxing Duan ◽  
Zhendong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Serious Disease

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. mungcola (Fom), is an increasingly serious disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek) in China. Pathogenic variability has been observed among Fom isolates; however, there are no reports describing Fom races or pathotypes. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of developing a set of pathotype differentials to reveal Fom pathotype diversity by assessing virulence variability of Fom isolates. First, 105 mungbean cultivars were screened against a standard virulent Fom isolate (F08). Eleven of the 105 cultivars were selected as candidate differentials of Fom according to resistance phenotype and genetic background. Second, the resistance of the 11 candidate differential cultivars was tested against 30 Fom isolates from different geographical origins in China. Highly significant differences were observed among isolate × cultivar interaction patterns, indicating that pathotype differentiation exists in Fom isolates. Based on the different reaction patterns combining with genetic background, seven of the 11 cultivars were selected to constitute a set of differential hosts of Fom pathotype, used to distinguish pathotypes of 84 Fom isolates from different geographical regions by evaluating the virulence reaction pattern. The results showed that the 84 Fom isolates were defined as 12 pathotypes. Finally, we tried to confirm whether the 12 Fom pathotypes could be distinguished by a PCR-based diagnostic method based on the two genes (SIX6 and SIX11) reported to be associated with Fom pathogenicity. However, the Fom pathotype could not be distinguished by variation of the PCR products or their resulting sequences of the two genes. This is the first study to develop a set of Fom pathotype differential hosts and identify 12 Fom pathotypes, which provides important information for resistance breeding and disease control.

scholarly journals Pea Fusarium wilt races in western Algeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
A. Merzoug ◽  
L. Belabid ◽  
M. Youcef-Benkada ◽  
F. Benfreha ◽  
B. Bayaa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Pathogen Variability ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi (FOP), the pea wilt pathogen, causes appreciable yield losses under favourable environmental conditions in Algeria. Studies on the pathogen variability and distribution of races are essential to identify effective sources of resistance to this disease. In this study, a survey was conducted during the period 2007–2011 in four different agro-climatic zones. Pathogenic variability in 52 isolates of FOP, collected from different pea-growing areas of western Algeria, were evaluated using 7 genotypes as differential hosts. Results indicated that the disease was prevalent in all fields prospected and isolates obtained were assigned to Races 1, 2, 5 or 6 by their pathogenicity. It was found out that Races 1 and 2 were more common in all areas with 61.5 and 19.2%, respectively. This study is the first report of pea Fusarium wilt races distribution in Algeria.  

scholarly journals Outbreak of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 in commercial fresh-market tomato fields in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Reis ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Janeiro State

Fusarium wilt, caused by three races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important tomato diseases. In Brazil, all three races were reported, however, race 3 has been so far restricted only to Espírito Santo State. In the present work, seven F. oxysporum isolates obtained from wilted plants of the race 1 and 2-resistant tomato hybrids 'Giovana', 'Carmen' and 'Alambra' in São José de Ubá and Itaocara (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) were characterized at race level. Virulence assays were performed using a set of race differential cultivars: 'Ponderosa' (susceptible to all races), 'IPA-5' (resistant to race 1), 'Floradade' (resistant to races 1 and 2), 'BHRS-2,3' (resistant to all three races). Two wild tomato accessions (Solanum pennellii 'LA 716' e S. chilense 'LA 1967') previously reported as resistant to all Brazilian isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were also evaluated. Isolates from São José de Ubá and Itaocara were highly virulent to 'Ponderosa', 'IPA-5' and 'Floradade'. They were also able to infect a few plants of 'BHRS-2,3', inducing vascular browning and wilt symptoms. Solanum pennellii and S. chilense accessions displayed an extreme (immune-like) resistant response. These results indicated that all seven isolates could be classified as F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3, expanding the geographical distribution of this pathogen within Brazil. The hypothesis of transmission via contaminated seeds is reinforced after the present report, which confirms the almost simultaneous outbreak of race 3 in two geographically isolated tomato-growing areas in Brazil (Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro). Evaluation of commercial seed lots imported into Brazil for contamination with the pathogen would be necessary in order to avoid nation-wide spread of this serious disease.

Could this be whooping cough?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nee ◽  
Elaine Weir ◽  
Madhur Vardhan ◽  
Ankita Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Serious Disease

Whooping cough is a notifiable bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It may produce serious disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals and very young children. The number of reported cases increases in the winter months and the incidence peaks every 4–5 years. However, this periodicity is variable and is inconsistent between different geographical regions. Bordetella pertussis infection (BPI) may be underdiagnosed because of its seasonality and the fact that clinical features may be indistinguishable from other respiratory disorders in the paediatric ED setting. Treatment with antibiotics reduces the period of infectivity but may not shorten the illness. This review discusses the epidemiology of the disease, its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and the disposition of patients with BPI.

scholarly journals The Novel Cerato-Platanin-Like Protein FocCP1 from Fusarium oxysporum Triggers an Immune Response in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songwei Li ◽  
Yijie Dong ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiufen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Banana Wilt

Panama disease, or Fusarium wilt, the most serious disease in banana cultivation, is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) and has led to great economic losses worldwide. One effective way to combat this disease is by enhancing host plant resistance. The cerato-platanin protein (CPP) family is a group of small secreted cysteine-rich proteins in filamentous fungi. CPPs as elicitors can trigger the immune system resulting in defense responses in plants. In this study, we characterized a novel cerato-platanin-like protein in the secretome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC4), named FocCP1. In tobacco, the purified recombinant FocCP1 protein caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of necrotic reaction, deposition of callose, expression of defense-related genes, and accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in tobacco. These results indicated that FocCP1 triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. Furthermore, FocCP1 enhanced resistance tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disease and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pst. 6605) infection in tobacco and improved banana seedling resistance to FOC4. All results provide the possibility of further research on immune mechanisms of plant and pathogen interactions, and lay a foundation for a new biological strategy of banana wilt control in the future.

Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae isolates and their co-occurrence with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum causing cotton wilt in Xinjiang, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Wagner ◽  
Aixing Gu ◽  
Sara E. Duke ◽  
Alois A. Bell ◽  
Clint Magill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Serious Disease

Cotton production in Xinjiang, the largest cotton producing area in China, has an increasingly serious disease threat from Verticillium dahliae. Eighty-five V. dahliae isolates were obtained from wilted cotton plants collected from 8 counties in Xinjiang. The isolates were assessed for genotypic diversity by DNA sequence analysis and PCR molecular genotyping with specific markers for race 1, race 2, defoliating (D) pathotype, non-defoliating (ND) pathotype, and mating type idiomorph Mat1-2. Isolates belonged to lineages 1A or 2B with 3 sub-genotypes found in each lineage. All isolates tested positive for race 2 and Mat1-2 markers. All isolates in lineage 2B tested positive for the ND pathotype marker, but only isolates in the major sub-genotype in lineage 1A tested positive for the D pathotype marker. Pathogenicity assays on Gossypium hirsutum ‘Acala 44’ demonstrated no significant difference among sub-genotypes within each lineage. Isolates in lineage 1A caused greater shoot weight reductions, % leaf drop, and % diseased leaves than isolates in lineage 2B. One isolate in each lineage for 1A and 2B was avirulent. Isolates in lineage 1A caused greater than 50% leaf drop and a 17 gram shoot weight reduction compared to a 9% leaf drop and a 6 gram shoot weight reduction by isolates in lineage 2B. Overall, 42% of the V. dahliae isolates from Xinjiang were D pathotype, but the percentage varied widely among locations. Two plants had both pathotypes. Nineteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum VCG0114 also were recovered from wilted plants in Xinjiang. Two plants had both Verticillium and Fusarium wilt pathogens. Both pathogens should be considered when using or developing wilt resistant/tolerant materials for Xinjiang.

Genetic characterization of resistance to wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan K. Shaw ◽  
P. Kadirvel ◽  
Mobeen Shaik ◽  
M. Santha Lakshmi Prasad ◽  
R. D. Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Serious Disease

AbstractCastor is an industrially important oilseed crop. Vascular wilt caused by the soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini is a serious disease of castor. Use of resistant cultivars is the only viable option for management of wilt disease problem in castor production. Excellent sources of resistance to wilt have been found in castor germplasm. In this study, a set of four castor inbred lines (48–1, CI-1, AP42 and AP48) was characterized for inheritance of resistance to wilt by studying segregating populations generated by crossing these inbred lines with eight different susceptible genotypes. An artificial screening method (sick pot) with a new scoring system (days to wilt) was used for evaluation of plant progenies for reaction to the pathogen infection. The reaction of F1s indicated that the nature of resistance in 48–1, CI-1 and AP48 is recessive whereas it was dominant in AP42. Inheritance results from eight F2 populations showed that resistance to wilt is conferred by a single locus in one population and at least two loci, which interact in complementary way, in other seven populations. Different modes of inheritance were also observed when the same resistant source was crossed with different susceptible parents, indicating the possible role of genetic backgrounds in determining resistance. Overall, the results suggested that Mendelian resistance to wilt is predominant in the castor genotypes, which can be exploited for breeding cultivars. Particularly, AP42 with dominant nature of resistance will be of great interest to hybrid breeding.

scholarly journals Association of Ethnicity With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An International Case-Referent Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. Middelburg ◽  
Thomas E. M. Crijnen ◽  
Lorenzo D'Antiga ◽  
Lucio Verdoni ◽  
Ashish Chikermane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
White Children ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Background: It has been suggested that children and infants can develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in response to a SARS-CoV-2 infection and that Black children are overrepresented among cases. The aim of the current study was to quantify the association between Black, Asian, or other non-White genetic background and COVID-19-related MIS-C in children and infants.Methods: Eight different research groups contributed cases of MIS-C, potentially related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several sensitivity analyses were performed, including additional data available from the literature. Analyses were stratified by geographical region.Results: Seventy-three cases from nine distinct geographical regions were included in the primary analyses. In comparison to White children, the relative risk for developing MIS-C after SARS-CoV-2 infection was 15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1 to 32] for Black children, 11 (CI: 2.2 to 57) for Asian, and 1.6 (CI: 0.58 to 4.2) for other ethnic background.Conclusion: Pediatricians should be aware of the fact that the risk of COVID-19-related MIS-C is severely increased in Black children.

scholarly journals First Report on the Presence of Leptosphaeria maculans Pathogenicity Group-3, the Causal Agent of Blackleg of Canola in Manitoba

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. D. Fernando ◽  
Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.) Ces. & De Not. (anamorph = Phoma lingam) (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz.), is an economically important and serious disease of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Australia, Europe, and Canada. L. maculans isolates can be categorized into four pathogenicity groups (PGs) on the basis of the interaction phenotypes (IP) on the differential canola cvs. Westar, Glacier, and Quinta (1) by using a standard screening protocol in the greenhouse. PG1 isolates are weakly virulent and PG2, PG3, and PG4 isolates are highly virulent. In Manitoba, L. maculans population consists mainly of PG2 (virulent on cv. Westar; avirulent on cvs. Glacier and Quinta) and a few PG1 isolates (avirulent on all three differentials). The Oilseed Pathology Lab in the Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba examines the pathogenic variability of blackleg isolates obtained from Manitoba each year. In 2002, the blackleg-resistant cv. Q2, was found to be severely infected in Roland, Manitoba. The canola stubble collected from a coop trial plot (Roland, Manitoba) and a farm in East Selkirk (60 km northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba) was isolated for the blackleg fungus. Small pieces of stubble were cut from the pseudothecia forming section and surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 to 5 min and then rinsed in sterile distilled water. V8 agar medium containing 1% streptomycin sulphate was used to culture the isolates under continuous cool-white fluorescent light for 14 days. Pure cultures of the pathogen were isolated and characterized as L. maculans by means of colony morphology, pycnidia, and microscopic observations of pycnidiospores. Pycnidiospores that formed on V8 plates were flooded with 10 ml of sterile distilled water and then harvested by filtering through sterilized Miracloth and kept at -20°C. The isolates were passed once through cv. Westar to maintain their virulence. The PG test was performed with the three differential cultivars. Two additional cultivars, Q2 (resistant to PG2 isolates) and Defender (moderately resistant to PG2 isolates), were included for comparisons. Twelve 7-day-old cotyledons of each differential cultivar grown in Metro Mix were wound inoculated with a 10-μl droplet of pycnidiospore suspension (1 × 107 pycnidiospores per ml). Inoculated cotyledons were maintained in the greenhouse (16/21°C night/day and a 16-h photoperiod). The experiment was repeated twice. Disease severity on cotyledons was assessed 12 days postinoculation by using a 0 to 9 scale (2). All five isolates from Roland and East Selkirk were highly virulent on Glacier (6.4 to 7.7), Q2 (7.1 to 8.2), and Defender (7.2 to 8.4), but intermediately virulent on Quinta (4.5 to 5.4). This clearly indicated that these isolates were of PG3. Isolates of PG2 have been predominant in Manitoba for the past 25 years, and highly virulent isolates belonging to PG3 had not been detected previously. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of PG3 in L. maculans in Manitoba. References: (1) A. Mengistu et al. Plant Dis. 75:1279, 1991. (2) P. H. Williams. Crucifer Genetics Cooperatives (CrGC) Resource Book, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1985.

scholarly journals First Report of Podosphaera xanthii Causing Powdery Mildew on Mungbean (Vigna radiata) in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-ming Sheu ◽  
Ming-hsueh Chiu ◽  
Lawrence Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
First Report ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is routinely grown in the experimental fields at the headquarters of the World Vegetable Center (23°6'30.88"N, 120°17'51.31"E) for breeding, research and germplasm multiplication. In a spring 2016 mungbean trial, about 50% of the plants were affected with powdery mildew. The white, powdery-like patches first appeared on the upper leaf surfaces, and soon developed to grey patches on both sides of the leaves. Purple to brown discoloration appeared on the underside of the infected leaf. Microscopy examination revealed that the causal organism was not Erysiphe polygoni, which had previously been documented as the powdery mildew pathogen on mungbean in Taiwan (Hartman et al. 1993). The fungus produced typical structures of the powdery mildew Euoidium, anamorph of the genus Podosphaera. The mycelium consisted of septate, flexuous hyphae with indistinct appressoria. The erect conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae varied from straight or slightly curved to curled. Three to ten conidia were borne in long chains with crenate edges. Foot-cells were straight, cylindrical and measured 30 to 52 µm long. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid-ovoid to barrel-shaped, with fibrosin bodies, and measured 27 to 33 (mean = 30.4) × 15 to 20 (mean = 16.6) µm. Germ tubes were clavate and occasionally forked, and were produced from the lateral sites of the conidia. No chasmothecia were found in the samples. The morphological characteristics were consistent with P. xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff (Braun & Cook 2012). To confirm the identity, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and partialβ-tubulin gene (TUB2) for the isolate MG3 were amplified with the primers ITS4/ITS5 (White et al. 1990) and BtuF5/BtuR7a (Ellingham et al. 2019), respectively. BLASTn analysis revealed the ITS sequence (MN833717) was 100% identical to many records of P. xanthii whereas the TUB2 sequence (MW363957) was 100% identical to a record of P. fusca (syn. P. xanthii; KC333362) in NCBI GenBank. A pathogenicity test was conducted by dusting conidia from an infected leaf onto six healthy four-week-old mungbean plants (cv ‘Tainan No. 3’). Another three plants were not inoculated and were used as control. All the plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 to 28°C. All inoculated plants developed powdery mildew symptoms after 10 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. xanthii causing disease on mungbean in Taiwan. P. xanthii also has been reported on mungbean in Thailand (Meeboon et al. 2016), while other records referring to E. polygoni infecting Vigna spp. are from Brazil and Fiji (Farr & Rossman 2020). Although both P. xanthii and E. polygoni have now been reported as causing powdery mildew on mungbean in Taiwan, which species predominates or is more important remains unclear. A comprehensive survey with accurate species identification is required to develop effective management of the disease, particularly for resistance breeding.

Pathogenic and morphological variability among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri isolates causing wilt in chickpea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Chaithra ◽  
H. Manjunath ◽  
M. Saifulla ◽  
Pagala Deepthi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Twelve Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri isolates were isolated from chickpea infected samples collected across different states of India. Pathogenic variability of twelve isolates was observed on seven chickpea cultivars viz., JG 62, Annigeri-1, Chaffa, CPS-1, K 850, L 550 and DCP 92-3. Among the twelve isolates APFOC-1 showed lowest wilt incidence 71.43 per cent and the isolate MPFOC-9 showed 100 per cent wilt incidence in all cultivars. The variability in morphological characters like size, shape, color of conidia and size, shape, color of chlamydospore were observed in all the isolates. The size of macroconidia varied from 9.23X2.53 ìm (WBFOC-12) to 19.3X5.52 ìm (MHFOC-8) with 2-4 septation. The size of microconidia varied from 4.4X2.93 ìm (MPFOC-9) to 8.26X4.2 ìm (MHFOC-8) with 0-1 septation. Macroconidia were sickle shaped and blunt ends with hyaline color. Microconidia were round to oval with hyaline color. Size of chlamydospore varied from 2.67 (UPFOC-11) to 8.24 (JKFOC-5). Chlamydospores did not show much variation with respect to shape and color. Based on the total number of spores observed per microscopic field, the twelve isolates categorized into four groups viz., poor sporulants, moderate sporulants, good sporulants and very good sporulants.

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