Impact of mortality, possibly due to herpesvirus, on pilchard Sardinops sagax stocks along the south coast of Western Australia in 1998-99

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Gaughan ◽  
R. W. Mitchell ◽  
S. J. Blight
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

During progression of a mass mortality of Australian pilchards in late 1998 and early 1999, quantities of dead pilchards on the sea-surface, sea-floor and along beaches were estimated in three regions along southern Western Australia (WA) by use of transects. Total mortality was estimated at 17 590, 11193 and 144.4 t for Esperance, Bremer Bay and Albany respectively. Mortality rates at Esperance and Bremer Bay were similar at 74.5% and 64.7% respectively, with a mean of 69.6%. In contrast, estimated mortality at Albany was only 2.4%. Although the difference in total mortality between regions is probably related to differences in stock size, as determined by simulation models, the much lower estimate for Albany is probably an artefact of an over-estimated pilchard biomass and not due to large differences in actual mortality rates. Variability in estimates of both pilchard biomass and quantities killed resulted in a wide range of estimated mortality rates, with lower estimates for Esperance and Bremer Bay of 28.0% and 22.9% respectively. This represents a significant decline in the breeding stock of WA pilchards. If the impact was closer to the mean (69.6%), then pilchard stocks in WA are severely depressed.

scholarly journals The influence of kihap on the impact of Dolio-chagui kicks in taekwondo

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dias Martins ◽  
Debora Cantergi ◽  
Jefferson Fagundes Loss
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Random Order ◽  
T Test ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The kihapis a technique used in several oriental martial arts. It is a yell used by practitioners with the ex pectation of enhancing the force of a hit. However, the real effect of using the kihapis unknown. Therefore, this study aims to compare the peak of acceleration of the Dolio-chaguikick in taekwondo performed with and without the use of kihap. Twenty two experienced taekwondo practitioners performed 30 kicks each against a punching bag, alternating in random order with and without kihap, while the acceleration of the punching bag was measured. A t-test was used to compare the difference between the mean acceleration in both conditions. Higher values were found with the use of kihap(7.8 ± 2.8 g) than without the use of kihap(7.1 ± 2.4 g), p< 0.01, r= 0.57. The results indicate that kihapenhances the impact of the kick.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT VERSIONS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF GILTS OF THEIR TRAITS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY CONSOLIDATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
M. V. Tserenyuk ◽  
O. M. Tserenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Current Instruction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

In addition to assessing the absolute performance of animals, the impact of certain technological approaches, breeding influence and other external organized factors on the consolidation of pigs groups on certain grounds should be evaluated. Breeding consolidation is a desirable breeding process that is realized through more motivated consolidation of intra-breeding structural units for maintaining a significant level of intergroup differentiation and variability. If the issue relates to the rearing young animals that are introduced into the herd, this is the most urgent issue that needs to be monitored. The purpose of the research is to determine the consociality of the main signs of reproductive ability of the gilts, which are checked at different rates of artificial insemination of sows of the main herd. The research was carried out at the Shubs`ke farm in the Bogoduhivsky District of Kharkiv Oblast at the pig farm for the pure breeding of the Welsh breed pigs (breeding reproductive status from 2014). In order to evaluate the optimal multiplicity (from single to triple), a gilts with a total of 30 heads was selected. The main indicators of reproductive ability of gilts (multiplicity, weight of nest at birth and excommunication and keeping piglets before weaning on day 28) were evaluated. Recalculation on the weight of the litter at weaning at the weight of the nest at extermination in 60 days was carried out in accordance with the current instruction on the boning of pigs. The results of researches were worked out according to traditional methods by the method of variation statistics. Consolidation of individual indicators of reproductive capacity of gilts was calculated to the total number of evaluated animals. In the previous stage of the research, it was found that the use of multiple insemination of gilts compared to single insemination is positively reflected at the level of their reproductive ability. A decrease in the percentage of non-productive inseminants in animal groups has been established. Triple insemination of gilts allows for 1.14 piglets to be obtained more compared to single insemination of the same pigs (p < 0.01). Also, for three times insemination of gilts, in comparison with single insemination, larger nest for weaning were obtained (by 14.24 kg, converted to 60th day p < 0.01). At the same time, the reduction in the keeping of piglets to weaning for increase frequency of insemination of gilts. According to the multiplicity of gilts, the most consolidated level of symptoms per group was obtained for single insemination. Increasing the multiplicity of insemination negatively affected the consolidation of the multiplicity of the piglets (as for determining the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation due to the mean square deviation, so, and for determining the coefficient of variability). The least consolidated in terms of multiplicity were uterus for double insemination. It should also be noted that there is little difference, in general, on the indicators of the theonotypical consolidation of the multiplicity of piglets between different groups of animals. So this difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.447 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.397 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variability, respectively. By weight of the same litters at birth, the most consolidated group was gilts, which was inseminated twice. The least consolidated are trimmed three times, respectively. The difference as a whole, according to the indicators of the theonotype consolidation of the mass of the litter’s piglets at birth, between different groups of pigs was even smaller. The difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.270 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.260 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variability, respectively. On the basis of the mass of the litter at weaning, the most consolidated level of symptoms was obtained in the group of gilts for triple insemination. The least consolidated group, respectively, was gilts for single insemination. At the same time, on the basis of the weight of the litter at weaning, the slightest differences were obtained after the consolidation of the signs between different groups of pigs. The difference between the most contrasting groups was 0.173 points for determining the coefficients due to the mean square deviation and 0.248 points for the determination due to the coefficient of variation, respectively. At different rates of insemination of gilts, there are no significant differences between the groups between the groups in terms of the consolidation of signs of reproductive ability. Also, there was no clear effect on increasing the multiplicity of insemination of gilts to the consolidation of their signs of reproductive qualities.

20. Freehold Covenants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bogusz ◽  
Roger Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Third Parties ◽  
Restrictive Covenants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Concept Building ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Materials

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the difference between restrictive and positive covenants; the rules which govern the running of the burden of covenants; the rules regulating who initially has the right to enforce a covenant; the significance of s56 of the Law of Property Act 1925, and the impact of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999; the rules regarding assignment of restrictive covenants; the concept ‘building scheme’; and whether a positive or restrictive covenant will pass to successors in title.

An Investigation of the Stability Dependence of SST-Induced Vertical Mixing over the Ocean in the Operational Met Office Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Song ◽  
Dudley B. Chelton ◽  
Steven K. Esbensen ◽  
Andrew R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

This study presents an assessment of the impact of a March 2006 change in the Met Office operational global numerical weather prediction model through the introduction of a nonlocal momentum mixing scheme. From comparisons with satellite observations of surface wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST), it is concluded that the new parameterization had a relatively minor impact on SST-induced changes in sea surface wind speed in the Met Office model in the September and October 2007 monthly averages over the Agulhas Return Current region considered here. The performance of the new parameterization of vertical mixing was evaluated near the surface layer and further through comparisons with results obtained using a wide range of sensitivity of mixing parameterization to stability in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, which is easily adapted to such sensitivity studies. While the new parameterization of vertical mixing improves the Met Office model response to SST in highly unstable (convective) conditions, it is concluded that significantly enhanced vertical mixing in the neutral to moderately unstable conditions (nondimensional stability [Formula: see text] between 0 and −2) typically found over the ocean is required in order for the model surface wind response to SST to match the satellite observations. Likewise, the reduced mixing in stable conditions in the new parameterization is also relatively small; for the range of the gradient Richardson number typically found over the ocean, the mixing was reduced by a maximum of only 10%, which is too small by more than an order of magnitude to be consistent with the satellite observations.

scholarly journals Estimating and Comparing Response Times in Traditional and Connected Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Sharma ◽  
Zuduo Zheng ◽  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Ashish Bhaskar ◽  
Md. Mazharul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Response time (RT) is a critical human factor that influences traffic flow characteristics and traffic safety, and is governed by drivers’ decision-making behavior. Unlike the traditional environment (TE), the connected environment (CE) provides information assistance to drivers. This in-vehicle informed environment can influence drivers’ decision-making and thereby their RTs. Therefore, to ascertain the impact of CE on RT, this study develops RT estimation methodologies for TE (RTEM-TE) and CE (RTEM-CE), using vehicle trajectory data. Because of the intra-lingual inconsistency among traffic engineers, modelers, and psychologists in the usage of the term RT, this study also provides a ubiquitous definition of RT that can be used in a wide range of applications. Both RTEM-TE and RTEM-CE are built on the fundamental stimulus–response relationship, and they utilize the wavelet-based energy distribution of time series of speeds to detect the stimulus–response points. These methodologies are rigorously examined for their efficiency and accuracy using noise-free and noisy synthetic data, and driving simulator data. Analysis results demonstrate the excellent performance of both the methodologies. Moreover, the analysis shows that the mean RT in CE is longer than the mean RT in TE.

scholarly journals Response Variability in Balanced Cortical Networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lerchner ◽  
Cristina Ursta ◽  
John Hertz ◽  
Mandana Ahmadi ◽  
Pauline Ruffiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Response Variability ◽  
Cortical Column ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
External Population

We study the spike statistics of neurons in a network with dynamically balanced excitation and inhibition. Our model, intended to represent a generic cortical column, comprises randomly connected excitatory and inhibitory leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, driven by excitatory input from an external population. The high connectivity permits a mean field description in which synaptic currents can be treated as gaussian noise, the mean and autocorrelation function of which are calculated self-consistently from the firing statistics of single model neurons. Within this description, a wide range of Fano factors is possible. We find that the irregularity of spike trains is controlled mainly by the strength of the synapses relative to the difference between the firing threshold and the postfiring reset level of the membrane potential. For moderately strong synapses, we find spike statistics very similar to those observed in primary visual cortex.

Numerical Models of Wind Effects on Temperature Loaded Object

2017 ◽  
Vol 738 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Vladimira Michalcova ◽  
Lenka Lausova ◽  
Iveta Skotnicova ◽  
Sergej Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shear Stress Transport Model ◽  
The Difference

Wind climate influencing wind loads on buildings and other structures, as well as the dispersion of pollutants from various surfaces is essentially determined by small-scale motions and processes occurring in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The physical and thermal properties of the underlying surface, in conjunction with the dynamics and thermodynamics of the lower atmosphere influence the distribution of wind velocity in thermally stratified ABL. Atmospheric turbulence is characterized by a high degree of irregularity, three-dimensionality, diffusivity, dissipation, and a wide range of motion scales. This article describes a change of selected turbulent variables in the surroundings of flow around a thermally loaded object. The problem is solved numerically in Ansys Fluent 13.0 software using LES (Large eddy simulation) models as well as the Transition SST (Shear Stress Transport) model that is able to take into account the difference between high and low turbulence at the interface between the wake behind an obstacle and the free stream. The results are mutually compared and verified with experimental measurements in the wind tunnel.

A new approach to the measurement of the quantitative effects of inherent and environmental factors on the composition of the milk of individual cows and of herds, with particular reference to lactose content

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Walsh ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
F. H. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Age

Summary(1) A tentative scheme is proposed for the quantitative estimation of the effects of various factors on one major milk constituent, lactose, from analyses of the milk of individual cows within herds. The potential lactose content in the milk of individual cows is predicted from the observed potassium-to-lactose ratio in the milk, and the difference between the predicted potential and the actual lactose content is partitioned into fractions that are attributed to effects due to age, inter-quarter difference and changes with stage of lactation. The scheme was applied to 2 commercial herds, one (herd A) producing milk of low and the other (herd B) milk of normal SNF content.(2) Lactation mean values for fat, SNF and lactose contents of the milk of individual cows showed a wide range of the same order in each of the 2 herds. Of the mean difference in SNF percentage of 0·30 between the herds, 0·14, or 47%, was due to a difference in lactose content.(3) The predicted potential milk lactose content of the cows in the 2 herds ranged from 5·04 to 5·66 (g/100 g milk water). Herd mean values were 5·394 for herd A and 5·244 for herd B.(4) Herd mean values for the effect on the lactose content (g/100 g milk water) of age, of changes with stage of lactation and of inter-quarter difference were −0·127, −0·080, and 0·073 respectively in herd A, and −0·197, −0·058 and −0·078, respectively, in herd B.(5) The relative importance of the various factors in accounting for differences between the herds in the lactose content of their bulk milk were: predicted potential lactose content 61%, effect of age 28%, effect of changes with stage of lactation 9% and effect of inter-quarter difference 2%.(6) The errors attached to the estimation of potential milk lactose content and the effects of age, of changes with stage of lactation and of inter-quarter difference are discussed.

scholarly journals 4.K. Workshop: What is going on? New inequalities emerging from the COVID-19 syndemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract   COVID-19 pandemic interacts with the pandemic of chronic non-communicable diseases and is exacerbated in different social and societal contexts through existing health inequalities - resulting in a syndemic. The socio-economically weakest groups of the population have been most affected (Bambra, 2020, Horton, 2020). In 2020, most activities were focused on controlling the epidemic through a biomedical approach, and only in the second half of the year, with the onset of the second wave, did the understanding that we are dealing with a syndemic, emerge in public health, societal and lately political discourse at the national and EU levels. There is increasing indirect damage to public health due to the loss of jobs and income, the long-term closure of certain activities, difficult access to health systems for those with non-COVID-19 health problems, and general uncertainty about the present and future. Different dimensions of syndemic inequalities (e.g. mental health, cognitive decline, lifestyles, gender, intergenerational) are the main focus of the workshop, including inequalities that were traditionally perceived in public health, as well as new emerging inequalities. In Slovenia we are conducting a study on the impact of the syndemic on people's lives (SI-PANDA 2020/2021), to (1) better understand human behaviour in COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to identify and address the impact of the governmental decisions, pandemic measures and recommendations. The workshop will aim to: Showcase the value of timely measurement and surveying of the COVID-19 syndemic's influences on society; Increase participants' understanding and awareness of the opportunities and challenges associated with different types of inequalities linked to COVID-19; Increase awareness of public health professionals on the importance of overcoming the difference between the biomedical approach and psychosocial paradigms; The workshop will offer an opportunity to: Present some of the outputs of the PANDA research and outline the influences of COVID-19 on lifestyle, mental health and cognitive changes Inform participants about the benefits of the comprehensive national approach in measuring COVID-19 syndemic consequences, embedded in a broader internationally comparative WHO measurement framework; Explore traditional inequalities with new dimensions, such as gender inequalities, newly emerging economic vulnerabilities and transformational inequalities, such as intergenerational inequality. Identify possible syndemic outcome measures at the national and EU levels, while identifying gaps between employing biomedical versus psychosocial approach in controlling conditions. Key messages Present new evidence on a wide range of inequalities emerging from the COVID-19 syndemic and its approach to mitigate it. Showcase an example from Slovenia (within the WHO internationally harmonized approach) of timely measuring the right data to inform a biomedical response as well as psychosocial measures.

scholarly journals Impact of the sea surface temperature forcing on hindcasts of Madden-Julian Oscillation events using the ECMWF model

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2535-2559
Author(s):  
E. de Boisséson ◽  
M. A. Balmaseda ◽  
F. Vitart ◽  
K. Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ecmwf Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper explores the sensitivity of the prediction of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) events to different aspects of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. The impact of temporal resolution of SST on the MJO is first evaluated via a set of monthly hindcast experiments. The experiments are conducted with an atmosphere forced by persisted SST anomalies, monthly and weekly SSTs. Skill scores are clearly degraded when weekly SSTs are replaced by monthly values or persisted anomalies. The new high resolution OSTIA SST daily reanalysis would in principle allow to establish the impact of daily versus weekly SST values on the MJO prediction. It is found however that OSTIA SSTs provide lower skill scores than the weekly product. Further experiments show that this loss of skill cannot be attributed to either the mean state or the daily frequency of OSTIA SSTs. Additional diagnostics show that the phase relationship between OSTIA SSTs and tropical convection is not optimal with repspect to observations. Such result suggests that capturing the correct SST-convection phase relationship is a major challenge for the MJO predictions.

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