The Path of Carbon in CAM Plants at Night

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
B.G Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Pass Through

Following demonstrations that malic acid synthesis in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants at night requires only the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate, glycolysis has been presumed to supply this substrate. This study has examined the path of carbon in CAM plants at night to establish the involvement of intermediary pools of metabolites in other processes, and to define characteristics of the pathway which are likely to be involved in its regulation. In both Bryophyllum tubiflorum Barv. and Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier, carbon loss from starch was insufficient to account for malic acid gains. Quantitative examination of the pool sizes of various carbohydrates and malic acid during the dark showed that starch was only part of a larger glucan pool which was the carbon source material for phosphoenolpyruvate supply. Observations of the utilization of 14C-labelled glucan in a CAM plant in the dark supported the role of this compound as primary carbon donor for acid synthesis. The mainstream of carbon flow was shown not to pass through the free sugar pools, and it was also proposed that malic and citric acids were able to exchange carbon via tricarboxylic acid cycle reactions. Examination of the influence of temperature on the glucan-malic acid relationship suggested that the depressed malic acid levels accumulated after nights at higher temperature were due to regulation of the reactions concerned with acid synthesis from glucan.

The cytosolic pathway of L -malic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : the role of fumarase

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
O. Pines ◽  
S. Even-Ram ◽  
N. Elnathan ◽  
E. Battat ◽  
O. Aharonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals The role of malate in the synthesis of glutamate in Pisum arvense roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-619
Author(s):  
Genowefa Kubik-Dorosz
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Incubation Mixture ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotides ◽  
Pisum Arvense

The in vivo and in vitro activities of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase in excised <em>Pisum arvense</em> roots increased several-fold under the influence of malate while pyruvate oxaloacctate. citrate and succinate inhibited this entyme. The plastids isolated from <em>Pisum arvense</em> root,. ahen incubated with glutamine and α-ketoglutarate, released glutamate into the medium Malate clearly stimulated this process. Albizziin (25 mM) completely reduced the presence of glutamate in the incubation mixture. These results indicate that reduced pyridine nucleotides arising in <em>P. arvense</em> root plastids during oxidation of malic acid may constitute the indispensable source of electrons for glutamic acid synthesis.

Glycolysis in CAM Plants

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Pep Carboxylase ◽  
High Level

Enzymes involved in the movement of carbon from glucan to malic acid in the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, Kalanchoe daigremontiana were assayed. The kinetic characteristics determined for the enzymes from this plant were similar to those already known for the same enzymes from non-CAM tissue. °-Amylase activity could not be demonstrated in the CAM leaf and glucokinase activity was low. These results, together with a high level of phosphorylase, suggested that the latter enzyme was involved in trasfer of glucan breakdown products to glycolysis. The activity of pyruvate kinase was only 1.7% of the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase, suggesting that pyruvate production from PEP at night posed little drain on PEP supply for malic acid synthesis. Starch losses and glycolytic enzyme activities of non-CAM plants were sufficient to allow dark acidification comparable to that of CAM plants.

scholarly journals The Role of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Amino Acid Synthesis in Escherichia Coli

1953 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Roberts ◽  
D. B. Cowie ◽  
R. Britten ◽  
E. Bolton ◽  
P. H. Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Cycle

The cytosolic pathway of l-malic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the role of fumarase

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Pines ◽  
S. Even-Ram ◽  
N. Elnathan ◽  
E. Battat ◽  
O. Aharonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals The Role of Cell Metabolism in Innate Immune Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anaisa Valido Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Domiguéz-Andrés ◽  
Mihai Gheorghe Netea
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Health And Disease

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional changes that increase nonspecific responsiveness to subsequent infections. This phenomenon, coined <i>trained immunity</i> or <i>innate immune memory</i>, is based on the epigenetic reprogramming and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic pathways. Here, we review the different metabolic pathways that are modulated in trained immunity. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid, and lipid metabolism are interplaying pathways that are crucial for the establishment of innate immune memory. Unraveling this metabolic wiring allows for a better understanding of innate immune contribution to health and disease. These insights may open avenues for the development of future therapies that aim to harness or dampen the power of the innate immune response.

scholarly journals The Role of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis

1962 ◽  
Vol 237 (12) ◽  
pp. 3778-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Kahan ◽  
Jerard Hurwitz
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals FSMP-15. EVALUATING THE ROLE OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN PROMOTING GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i19-i19
Author(s):  
Divya Ravi ◽  
Carmen del Genio ◽  
Haider Ghiasuddin ◽  
Arti Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Exogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) or Stage IV gliomas, are the most aggressive of primary brain tumors and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Patients diagnosed with this lethal cancer have a dismal survival rate of 14 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5.6% despite a multimodal therapeutic approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Aberrant lipid metabolism, particularly abnormally active de novo fatty acid synthesis, is recognized to have a key role in tumor progression and chemoresistance in cancers. Previous studies have reported a high expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in patient tumors, leading to multiple investigations of FASN inhibition as a treatment strategy. However, none of these have developed as efficacious therapies. Furthermore, when we profiled FASN expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we determined that high FASN expression in GBM patients did not confer a worse prognosis (HR: 1.06; p-value: 0.51) and was not overexpressed in GBM tumors compared to normal brain. Therefore, we need to reexamine the role of exogenous fatty acid uptake over de novofatty acid synthesis as a potential mechanism for tumor progression. Our study aims to measure and compare fatty acid oxidation (FAO) of endogenous and exogenous fatty acids between GBM patients and healthy controls. Using TCGA, we have identified the overexpression of multiple enzymes involved in mediating the transfer and activation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in GBM tumors compared to normal brain tissue. We are currently conducting metabolic flux studies to (1) assess the biokinetics of LCFA degradation and (2) establish exogenous versus endogenous LCFA preferences between patient-derived primary GBM cells and healthy glial and immune cells during steady state and glucose-deprivation.

scholarly journals TCA Cycle and Fatty Acids Oxidation Reflect Early Cardiorenal Damage in Normoalbuminuric Subjects with Controlled Hypertension

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Aranzazu Santiago-Hernandez ◽  
Marta Martin-Lorenzo ◽  
Ariadna Martin-Blazquez ◽  
Gema Ruiz-Hurtado ◽  
Maria G Barderas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Angiotensin System

Moderately increased albuminuria, defined by an albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g, is an indicator of subclinical organ damage associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Normoalbuminuric subjects are considered at no cardiorenal risk in clinical practice, and molecular changes underlying early development are unclear. To decipher subjacent mechanisms, we stratified the normoalbuminuria condition. A total of 37 hypertensive patients under chronic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) suppression with ACR values in the normoalbuminuria range were included and classified as control (C) (ACR < 10 mg/g) and high-normal (HN) (ACR = 10–30 mg/g). Target metabolomic analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to investigate the role of the cardiorenal risk urinary metabolites previously identified. Besides this, urinary free fatty acids (FFAs), fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and nephrin were analyzed by colorimetric and ELISA assays. A Mann–Whitney test was applied, ROC curves were calculated and Spearman correlation analysis was carried out. Nine metabolites showed significantly altered abundance in HN versus C, and urinary FFAs and FABP1 increased in HN group, pointing to dysregulation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle and fatty acids β-oxidation. We showed here how cardiorenal metabolites associate with albuminuria, already in the normoalbuminuric range, evidencing early renal damage at a tubular level and suggesting increased β-oxidation to potentially counteract fatty acids overload in the HN range.

scholarly journals Role of Folic Acid and Energy Intake in Nucleic Acid Synthesis

1959 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-627
Author(s):  
Ranjan Mehta ◽  
David A. Vaughan ◽  
Shreepad R. Wagle ◽  
Kendall D. Barbee ◽  
S.P. Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis
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