215 DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF PROGESTAGEN TREATMENT ON FUNCTIONALITY OF PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES IN SHEEP

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
C. Letelier ◽  
R. A. García-Fernández ◽  
R. M. García-García ◽  
M. Arias-Álvarez ◽  
I. Contreras-Solis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Deleterious Consequence ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

The use of progestagen for 14 days in protocols for estrus synchronization has been reported to affect conception rate in sheep. We evaluated the effects of progestagen treatment on the growth pattern and follicular function of preovulatory follicles (PF) and their implication for subordinated follicles (SF). Adult female sheep were randomly assigned to the following estrus synchronization groups: 1) FGA (n = 7), which received an intravaginal device of fluorogestone acetate sponges (Chronogest®, Intervet International, Boxmeer, the Netherlands) for 14 days, or 2) PGF (n = 7), which received 3 i.m. administrations of 125 μg of cloprostenol (Estrumate®, Mallinckrodt Vet GmbH, Friesoythe, Germany) 10 days apart. The third cloprostenol administration in the PGF group was given at the same time of sponge withdrawal in the FGA group (Day 0 = day of sponge withdrawal). Ultrasonographic examinations of the ovaries for assessment of follicular development were carried out daily from Days 0 to 2 by using a scanner (Aloka SSD500) equipped with a 7.5-MHz transducer adapted for transrectal examinations. Follicular function was evaluated in terms of estradiol secretion, and blood samples were taken every 12 h to determine plasma estradiol concentration from Days 0 to 2. Ovaries from all females in both groups were recovered by ovariectomy on Day 2 to determine apoptosis by immunohistochemistry for active caspase-3 in granulosa cells from SF of 3 to 5 mm in diameter. Additionally, SF were histologically classified as healthy, early, or advanced atretic. Data were analyzed by Student t-test and Pearson correlation. The total number of PF observed on Day 2 was 15 and 12 for the PGF and FGA groups, respectively. The 90.9 and 93.3% of PF recorded in the PGF and FGA groups, respectively, on Day 2 was retrospectively identified on Day 0. The 33.6 and 46.6% of those follicles from the PGF and FGA groups, respectively, corresponded to follicles >5 mm in diameter. Although mean diameter of PF was higher in the FGA group than in the PGF group (5.4 ± 0.4 mm v. 4.5 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; P < 0.01) on Day 0, PF diameter was similar between groups on Day 2. Plasma estradiol concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the PGF group on Day 1 (3.1 ± 0.2 pg/mL v. 1.7 ± 0.2 pg/mL in the FGA group) but did not differ between groups on Day 2. The growing pattern of the PF in the PGF group significantly (P < 0.05) affected the total number of SF, and there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for an increase of the total number of healthy follicles in the same group. In addition, advanced atretic follicles from the FGA group were significantly higher than those observed in the PGF group (P < 0.001). Additionally, caspase-3 immunoreactivity was higher in the FGA group than in the PGF group (P < 0.05) and it was associated with the largest SF in both groups. All of these finding are indicative of the presence of aged follicles with an extended permanence in the ovary. We concluded that the use of progestagen for 14 days in protocols for estrus synchronization in sheep affects the growth pattern and functionality of the preovulatory follicle during the follicular phase and may have a deleterious consequence on oocyte competence. CYCITAGL2005-02669 and DID-D-2007-03 UACh.

scholarly journals Behavioral and hormonal pattern of repeat breeder cows around estrus

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sood ◽  
M Zachut ◽  
H Dube ◽  
U Moallem
Keyword(s):  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Estradiol Concentration ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Repeat breeder (RB) cows were compared with normal (CTRL) ones with respect to behavioral estrus intensity, endocrine patterns and concentrations of plasma estradiol, progesterone and LH around estrus, and ovulation timing. A total of 27 and 31 cycles in 12 RB and 18 CTRL cows, respectively, were synchronized by means of the Ovsynch protocol followed by a single PG injection after 7 days. Behavioral estrus and ovulation were observed in 81.5 and 83.8% of the synchronized cycles in the RB and CTRL cows respectively. The RB and CTRL groups had similar estrus durations of 21.4 and 19.6 h respectively, but estrus was more intense in the RB, as indicated by numerically higher overall activity indexes and higher peak neck activity. The interval from PG injection to estrus onset (considered as proestrus) was 8.2 h shorter in RB than in CTRL cows, at 47.9 and 56.1 h respectively (P<0.007), but the average preovulatory follicle size was similar. The estradiol concentration at peak was numerically higher (21%) and the AUC tended to be higher in the RB cows than in the CTRL cows. LH secretion during the period from 18 to 3 h before the LH peak was also lower in RB than in CTRL cows: 2.5 and 4.6 ng/ml respectively (P<0.01). In conclusion, the behavioral estrus was more intense in the RB cows; nevertheless, short proestrus and subdued LH concentrations before the LH peak, which could impair oocyte competence and development, were first reported in RB cows.

Effects of age on follicular fluid exosomal microRNAs and granulosa cell transforming growth factor-β signalling during follicle development in the mare

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano C. da Silveira ◽  
Quinton A. Winger ◽  
Gerrit J. Bouma ◽  
Elaine M. Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles

Age-related decline in fertility is a consequence of low oocyte number and/or low oocyte competence resulting in pregnancy failure. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling is a well-studied pathway involved in follicular development and ovulation. Recently, small non-coding RNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs), have been demonstrated to regulate several members of this pathway; miRNAs are secreted inside small cell-secreted vesicles called exosomes. The overall goal of the present study was to determine whether altered exosome miRNA content in follicular fluid from old mares is associated with changes in TGF-β signalling in granulosa cells during follicle development. Follicular fluid was collected at deviation (n = 6), mid-oestrus (n = 6) and preovulation (n = 6) for identification of exosomal miRNAs from young (3–12 years) and old (20–26 years) mares. Analysis of selected TGF-β signalling members revealed significantly increased levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) in granulosa cells from mid-oestrus compared with preovulatory follicles, and collagen alpha-2(I) chain (COL1A2) in granulosa cells from deviation compared with preovulatory follicles in young mares. In addition, granulosa cells from old mares had significantly altered levels of DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2 (ID2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A). Finally, changes in exosomal miRNA predicted to target selected TGF-β members were identified.

scholarly journals MiR-140-3p inhibits the cell viability and promotes apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis through targeting sirtuin 3

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zu ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Jingya Wang ◽  
Meirong Li ◽  
Junxia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Fibrous Tissues

Abstract Background Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) with the abnormal expressions of miRNAs are the key regulator in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low-expressed miR-140-3p was found in RA tissues. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the effect of miR-140-3p on SFs of RA. Methods RA and normal synovial fibrous tissue were gathered. The targets of miR-140-3p were found by bioinformatics and luciferase analysis. Correlation between the expressions of miR-140-3p with sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. After transfection, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. The expressions of miR-140-3p, SIRT3, Ki67, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 were detected by RT-qPCR or western blot. Results Low expression of miR-140-3p and high expression of SIRT3 were found in RA synovial fibrous tissues. SIRT3 was a target of miR-140-3p. SIRT3 expression was negatively correlated to the expression of miR-140-3p. MiR-140-3p mimic inhibited the MH7A cell viability and the expressions of SIRT3, Ki67, and Bcl-2 and promoted the cell apoptosis and the expressions of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3; miR-140-3p inhibitor showed an opposite effect to miR-140-3p mimic on MH7A cells. SIRT3 overexpression not only promoted the cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis of MH7A cells but also reversed the effect of miR-140-3p mimic had on MH7A cells. Conclusions The results in this study revealed that miR-140-3p could inhibit cell viability and promote apoptosis of SFs in RA through targeting SIRT3.

scholarly journals Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Granulosa Cells of Chicken Preovulatory Follicles: An In Vitro Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Dorota Katarzyńska-Banasik ◽  
Anna Kozubek ◽  
Małgorzata Grzesiak ◽  
Andrzej Sechman
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptosis Process

The continuous development of poultry production related to the growing demand for eggs and chicken meat makes it necessary to use modern technologies. An answer to this demand may be the use of nanotechnology in poultry farming. One of the promising nanomaterials in this field are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are used as disinfectants, reducing microbial pollution and the amounts of greenhouse gases released. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on the proliferation and apoptosis process in the granulosa cells of chicken preovulatory follicles. The in vitro culture experiment revealed that both 13 nm and 50 nm AgNPs inhibited the proliferation of the granulosa cells. However, a faster action was observed in 50 nm AgNPs than in 13 nm ones. A size-dependent effect of AgNP was also demonstrated for the caspase-3 activity. AgNPs 13 nm in size increased the caspase-3 activity in granulosa cells, while 50 nm AgNPs did not exert an effect, which may indicate the induction of distinct cell death pathways by AgNPs. In conclusion, our study reveals that AgNPs in vitro inhibit granulosa cell proliferation and stimulate their apoptosis. These results suggest that AgNPs may disrupt the final stage of preovulatory follicle maturation and ovulation.

scholarly journals Effect of deslorelin implants on follicular development, parturition and post-partum oestrus in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Herbert ◽  
T E Trigg ◽  
D W Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Subsequent Birth ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
One Year

The effect of treatment with slow release implants containing the GnRH agonist, deslorelin, was investigated in female tammar wallabies. Pouch young were removed from 16 wallabies presumed to be carrying quiescent blastocysts. Eight received a 5 mg deslorelin implant and eight received a placebo implant. Animals were caught daily from day 25 to day 30 and their pouches inspected for newborn young and their urogenital sinus checked for a copulatory plug. Treatment with deslorelin did not affect reactivation of a dormant blastocyst and subsequent birth in 4/8 animals, but post-partum mating was inhibited in these animals. Five control and five treated animals were killed within 0–48 h post partum and their reproductive tracts analysed. At autopsy, all five control animals had large preovulatory follicles but only one deslorelin-treated animal showed signs of follicular development. These differences were also reflected in the weights of the lateral vaginae, with treated animals showing no evidence of oestrogenic stimulation. The remaining three control and three treated animals were monitored for approximately 2 years. The long-term contraceptive effects of a single 5 mg deslorelin implant lasted for just under one year. These results indicate that slow release deslorelin implants inhibit follicular development in the female tammar wallaby for extended periods of time and may have potential application in reproductive management of captive marsupials in the kangaroo family.

Climate Change and Livestock Fertility

2022 ◽  
pp. 1256-1277
Author(s):  
Vishakha Shrimali ◽  
Nibedita Naha ◽  
Sukanta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Global Threat

Climate change is a global threat to livestock sector to so many species and ecosystem in different parts of the world. Climate change, heat stress, and nutritional stress are the major intriguing factors responsible for reduced fertility in farm animals in tropical countries. Heat and nutritional stresses affect the reproductive performance by decreasing the expression of estrous behavior, altering ovarian follicular development and hormonal profiles, compromising oocyte competence, and inhibiting embryonic development in livestock. Climate is changed by greenhouse gases that released into atmosphere through man-made activities. Livestock contribute 18% of the production of greenhouse gases itself and causes climate change including heat stress, which has direct and indirect impact on fertility of the animals as well as reduce milk production. Adaptation to climate change and lowering its negative effect by alteration of animal micro-environment using different essential technologies are the main mitigation strategies to recover heat stress damage in this respect.

scholarly journals The oocyte and its role in regulating ovulation rate: a new paradigm in reproductive biology

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
K P McNatty ◽  
L G Moore ◽  
N L Hudson ◽  
L D Quirke ◽  
S B Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles

Ovulation rate in mammals is determined by a complex exchange of hormonal signals between the pituitary gland and the ovary and by a localised exchange of hormones within ovarian follicles between the oocyte and its adjacent somatic cells. From examination of inherited patterns of ovulation rate in sheep, point mutations have been identified in two oocyte-expressed genes, BMP15 (GDF9B) and GDF9. Animals heterozygous for any of these mutations have higher ovulation rates (that is, + 0.8–3) than wild-type contemporaries, whereas those homozygous for each of these mutations are sterile with ovarian follicular development disrupted during the preantral growth stages. Both GDF9 and BMP15 proteins are present in follicular fluid, indicating that they are secreted products. In vitro studies show that granulosa and/or cumulus cells are an important target for both growth factors. Multiple immunisations of sheep with BMP15 or GDF9 peptide protein conjugates show that both growth factors are essential for normal follicular growth and the maturation of preovulatory follicles. Short-term (that is, primary and booster) immunisation with a GDF9 or BMP15 peptide-protein conjugate has been shown to enhance ovulation rate and lamb production. In summary, recent studies of genetic mutations in sheep highlight the importance of oocyte-secreted factors in regulating ovulation rate, and these discoveries may help to explain why some mammals have a predisposition to produce two or more offspring rather than one.

124 Ovarian follicular development and steroid secretion during oestrous cycle of Lohi sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
M. Younis ◽  
M. Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
A. Murtaza ◽  
M. Abbas ◽  
M. Z. Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Wave Patterns

Pakistan has 30.9 million heads of sheep; however, little information is available on their reproductive aspects. The objective of this study was to document ovarian physiology and endocrinology of Lohi ewes during the oestrous cycle. Nine Lohi ewes, synchronized by administering single prostaglandin F2α (PGF2a; Cyclomate, Star Laboratories), were monitored for ovarian follicular dynamics using transrectal ultrasonography (7.5MHz, HS-1500, Honda) for two consecutive oestrous cycles during the breeding season (September to November 2018). Changes in plasma progesterone and oestradiol-17β concentrations of ewes (n=9) were also determined during the oestrous cycle using radioimmunoassay. The interovulatory interval of Lohi ewes averaged 17.0±0.1 days, and the duration of follicular and luteal phases was 4.6±0.2 and 11.3±0.2 days, respectively. Follicles emerged in either 3- or 4-wave patterns, but the frequency of the 3-wave pattern was higher than that of the 4-wave (87 vs. 13%, respectively; P=0.05). Following ovulation (Day 0), follicles (=3mm) in 3-wave cycles (n=14) emerged on Days 0.7, 5.2, and 10.5, whereas in 4-wave cycles (n=2) follicles emerged on Days 0.1, 4, 8.5, and 11.5. The maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea (CL) were 5.4±0.3 and 10.4±0.3mm, respectively. Regardless of the wave pattern, single ovulation occurred in each cycle. The CL was first detectable on Day 4±0.1, it reached maximum diameter on Day 9±0.1, and luteolysis began on Day 12.2±0.2 of the cycle. The peak plasma oestradiol-17β concentration (42.5±2.6 pgmL−1) was observed 48h before ovulation and correlated with the diameter of the preovulatory follicle during the follicular phase (r=0.84; P&lt;0.05). The peak plasma progesterone concentration (11.8±1.7ngmL−1) was observed on Day 9±0.1 and coincided with the diameter of CL throughout the oestrous cycle (r=0.93; P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the majority of oestrous cycles in Lohi ewes had a 3-wave pattern and were mono-ovulatory in nature.

scholarly journals Activin B is produced early in antral follicular development and suppresses thecal androgen production

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Young ◽  
S Henderson ◽  
C Souza ◽  
H Ludlow ◽  
N Groome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Follicle Size

Little is known about the role of activin B during folliculogenesis. This study investigated the expression levels of activin/inhibin subunits (βA, βB, and α), steroid enzyme, and gonadotrophin receptors in theca (TC) and granulosa cells (GC) by QPCR and activin A and B and inhibin A protein levels in follicular fluid (FF) of developing sheep follicles during estrus and anestrus. The effect of activin B on androgen production from primary TC cultures in vitro was also assessed. During folliculogenesis, in anestrus and estrus, FF activin B concentrations and thecal and GC activin βB mRNA levels decreased as follicle diameter increased from 1–3 to >6 mm regardless of estrogenic status. Estrogenic preovulatory follicles had reduced concentrations of FF activins B and A, and TC and GCs expressed higher levels of activin βA mRNA at 3–4 mm, and TCs more inhibin α mRNA at >4 mm stages of development compared with nonestrogenic follicles. Activin B decreased androstenedione production from primary TCs in vitro, an effect blocked by inhibin A. Thus, sheep follicles 1–3 mm in diameter contained high FF levels of activin B, which decreased as the follicle size increased, and, like activin A, suppressed thecal androgen production in vitro, an effect blocked by inhibin. Furthermore, the theca of large estrogenic follicles expressed high levels of inhibin α and activin βA mRNA suggesting local thecal derived inhibin A production. This would inhibit the negative effects of thecal activins B and A ensuring maximum androgen production for enhanced estradiol production by the preovulatory follicle(s).

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