Retention of nitrate and phosphate in soils of the Darling plateau in Western-Australia - Implications for domestic septic-tank systems

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Gerritse ◽  
JA Adeney ◽  
GM Dimmock ◽  
YM Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Residential Land Use ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Phosphate Leaching

Streams in mixed rural and residential areas on the Darling Plateau near metropolitan Perth in Western Australia were monitored for nitrate and phosphate. Concentrations of nitrate in streams are proportional to surveyed rates of inputs of nitrogen in water catchments dominated by agricultural land use. In catchments dominated by unsewered residential land use, stream concentrations of nitrate are much lower than expected from rates of input. A comparison of mass balances of inorganic nitrogen and bromide, added as a conservative tracer, indicates that at least 80% of nitrogen leaching from domestic septic tank systems into soils is lost within a distance of 10 m from the leach drain. Concentrations of dissolved phosphate in streams are low (mostly <5 �g/L P-PO4) and are not significantly related to type of land use. Adsorption of phosphate to soils was measured after batch equilibration of soil slurries for periods up to 12 months and the isotherms were described by a time-dependent Freundlich type adsorption equation. Adsorption capacities for phosphate are high and reflect high levels of iron and aluminium oxides in the soils. Soil adsorption data together with data from leaching experiments in small columns of soil were fitted to an empirical equation, describing the effect of flow rate and distance travelled on the mobility of phosphate in a saturated soil. A minimum travel time for a distance of 5 m in these soils of between 1 and 8 years is predicted with this equation for phosphate leaching from a septic tank. Monitoring of ground water near 6-7 year old domestic septic tank systems showed that phosphate had not yet moved beyond 5 m from the leach drain.

Discrimination of Nitrogen Sources in Karst Spring Contributing Areas Using a Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model and Wastewater Tracers (Florida, USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-311
Author(s):  
Andy Canion ◽  
Katherine M. Ransom ◽  
Brian G. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Prior Probabilities ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs

ABSTRACT Many springs in Florida have experienced a proliferation of nuisance algae and alteration of trophic structure in response to increases in nitrate concentration concurrent with rapid population growth and land use intensification beginning in the mid-20th century. While loading targets and remediation plans have been developed by state agencies to address excess nitrogen inputs, further confirmation of the relative contribution of nitrogen sources to groundwater is necessary to optimize the use of resources when implementing projects to reduce nitrogen loads. In the present study, stable isotopes of nitrate and wastewater indicators were used to discriminate sources of nitrogen in wells and springs in central Florida. Sampling was performed in 50 wells at 38 sites and at 10 springs with varying levels of agriculture and urban development. Nitrate isotope values were used to develop Bayesian mixing models to estimate the probability distribution of the contributions of nitrate sources in wells. Prior probabilities for the fractional contribution of each source were adjusted based on land use and density of septic tanks. Sucralose and the Cl:Br mass ratio were used as confirmatory indicators of wastewater sources. In residential areas, mixing model results indicated that fertilizer or mixed fertilizer and wastewater (septic tank effluent and reuse water) were the primary sources, with sucralose detections corresponding to wells with elevated contributions from wastewater. Sources of nitrogen in pasture and field crop areas were primarily fertilizer and manure; however, model posterior distributions of δ15N indicated that manure sources may have been overpredicted. The present study demonstrates the utility of a multi-tracer approach to build multiple lines of evidence to develop locally relevant remediation strategies for nitrogen sources in groundwater.

scholarly journals Changes in the groundwater quality of the main useful aquifer as a result of the hazard of nitrates from agricultural sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Sebastian Zabłocki
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Hazard ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Indirect Protection

Abstract The article presents the results of research, conducted in central Poland, where agriculture is the dominant type of land use. This activity is considered as a common potential hazard to groundwater quality because of the use of nitrate fertilizers, especially for small groundwater intakes used for the purpose of rural water supply. For this kind of intake seven scenarios of groundwater quality hazard were elaborated based on the results of the hydrodynamic modelling research in this area including the following: calculation of volume and time of leakage through the aquitard formations to the main useful aquifer, verification of the indirect protection zone and definition of the size of the well capture zone. The scenarios considered the current groundwater quality hazard as well as changes in agricultural land use or changes in fertilizer doses needed to decrease groundwater hazard by nitrates in the intake.

scholarly journals The Patterns of Social Interaction and Integrative Mechanisms in Communities in the Northern Bangkok Extended Metropolitan Region: A Case Study of Pathumthani Province

MANUSYA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daranee Thavinpipathkul ◽  
Luksanawadee Tanamee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Residential Areas

Social interaction refers to the communication among people within one particular area. This act can be recognized and done through simple talk or even through equipment that is commonly used these days, such as televisions, radios, telephones, and all kinds of transportation. Activities also help people to know and become a part of a community, by working and being involved in the same things, such as traditional community festivals, community development, and so on. These activities should be done continually as part of the system of social interaction. Social integrative mechanism means the existence of those who take part in running or working in a communication role, which leads to the interaction among people within a community; social control mechanisms such as laws and norms, organizations or groups within the community, including interest groups for economic or social benefit; communication, transportation, and meeting places such as a community centers. The definitions above are used to explain the patterns of social interaction and integrative mechanisms in communities in the northern Bangkok extended metropolitan region. Prachathipat, Klong-Song, Chiang-RakYai, and Pued-Udom in Pathumthani province were used as case studies. Research results reveal that communities in the northern Bangkok extended metropolitan region are transitioning from rural to urban type at different paces and to different degrees due to physical factors, i.e. , geographical setting, location, distance from the city, and accessibility. In addition, the differences are also due to socio-economic factors, i.e., age, sex, religion, educational level, occupation, income, and duration of stay of community residents, who are mostly comprised of two groups: old-timers and new-comers. In conclusion, three types of communities revealing different patterns of social interaction and integrative mechanisms are found in this area. The first type consists of communities exhibiting low-intensity land use, mostly as residential areas, located on agricultural land. Almost all of the residents are old-timers and have primary social interaction within the family and among friends. The level of social integration is high and integrative mechanisms are informal. The second type is communities with more intense and diverse land use than the first type. The old-timers in these communities begin to have "urban type" social interactions, with rather high levels of social integration through both formal and informal integrative mechanisms. The newcomers in these communities engage in "urban type" social interactions just to gain convenience and safety in living and working. The third are communities with highly intense and diverse activities and land use. Among old-timers in these communities, there is almost no trace of "rural type " social interaction, while integrative mechanisms are both formal and informal. Among newcomers, social interaction is the same as in the second type of community with a low level of integration and mostly formal integrative mechanisms.

scholarly journals ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ SỬ DỤNG ĐẤT SẢN XUẤT NÔNG NGHIỆP TẠI THÀNH PHỐ ĐÀ LẠT, TỈNH LÂM ĐỒNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1993-2002
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Bình ◽  
Thi Quý Phú ◽  
Nguyễn Phúc Khoa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Type Of Land Use

Ngành nông nghiệp đóng vai trò quan trọng trong cơ cấu kinh tế của thành phố Đà Lạt. Các loại hình sử dụng đất (LUT) sản xuất nông nghiệp mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế, xã hội, môi trường và cảnh quan đô thị. Tuy nhiên, các loại hình sử dụng đất nông nghiệp chưa được quy hoạch thành vùng chuyên canh cây trồng. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng đất sản xuất nông nghiệp làm cơ sở thực hiện quy hoạch sử dụng đất thành phố Đà Lạt. Hiệu quả sử dụng đất được đánh giá thông qua các chỉ tiêu như giá trị sản xuất, giá trị gia tăng, hiệu quả sản xuất, khả năng thu hút lao động, khả năng tiêu thụ sản phẩm, khả năng cải tạo đất. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, loại hình sử dụng đất trồng hoa có hiệu quả kinh tế và xã hội cao hơn loại hình sử dụng đất trồng cây ăn quả. Loại hình sử dụng đất trồng cà phê và cây ăn quả có hiệu quả môi trường cao hơn loại hình sử dụng đất trồng rau và hoa. Như vậy, các loại hình sử dụng đất sản xuất nông nghiệp ở thành phố Đà Lạt gồm rau, hoa và chè mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường cao hơn loại hình sử dụng đất trồng cà phê, cây ăn quả và cây lương thực. ABSTRACT Agriculture plays an important role in the economic structure of Da Lat city. The agricultural land use types (LUT) positively contribute to benefits such as economy, society, environment and urban landscape. However, various types of agricultural land use have not yet been planned for cultivation areas. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eficiency of agricultural land which could be applied in land use planning in Da Lat city. Land use efficiency was assessed through criteria such as productive value, added value, productive efficiency, ability to attract workers, consume products and improve land. The research results showed that the type of land use for flowers cultivation had higher economic and social efficiency than the type of land use for fruits tree. The type of land use for coffee and fruits tree had more environmental efficiency than the type of land use for vegetables and flowers. Therefore, the types of agricultural land use in Da Lat city such as vegetables, flowers and tea have brought economic, social and environmental efficiency higher than the type of land use for coffee, fruits tree and annual crops.

scholarly journals Land Use Conflicts and Rights to Farm in an Urbanizing Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
J.B. Oyedele ◽  
O. E. Alohan ◽  
O. Edionwe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Land Use Conflicts ◽  
Residential Land Use

This study examined agricultural land use conflicts and right to farm in an urbanizing environment. It also examined the implication of urbanization on farming activities. Three sub-urban communities currently undergoing urbanization were selected for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were obtained through the use of questionnaires and interviews. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed out of which 139 were retrieved and analysed. This represents 92.67% of the total questionnaires distributed. Data collected were analysed using simple frequency distribution table and graphs. The results revealed that land use is gradually shifting from agriculture to residential land use, forcing the farmers to face increase in land value due to high demand for land, difficulty in accessing land for agriculture and land speculation.

Influence of climate,geology and humans on spatial and temporal nutrient geochemistry in the subtropical Richmond River catchment, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester J. McKee ◽  
Bradley D. Eyre ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Peter R. Pepperell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
River Catchment

Water quality was monitored on a spatial and temporal basis in the subtropical Richmond River catchment over two years. Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally in a complex manner with highest concentrations (maximum =3110 µg N L – 1 and 572 µg P L –1 ) associated with floods. However, median (444 µg N L – 1 and 55 µg P L – 1 ) concentrations were relatively low compared with other parts of the world. The forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams varied seasonally, with greater proportions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus during the wet season. Minimum nutrient concentrations were found 2—3 months after flood discharge. With the onset of the dry season, concentration increases were attributed to point sources and low river discharge. There were statistically significant relationships between geology and water quality and nutrient concentrations increased downstream and were significantly related to population density and dairy farming. In spite of varying geology and naturally higher phosphorus in soils and rocks in parts of the catchment, anthropogenic impacts had the greatest effects on water quality in the Richmond River catchment. Rainfall quality also appeared to be related both spatially and seasonally to human activity. Although the responses of the subtropical Richmond River catchment to changes in land use are similar to those of temperate systems of North America and Europe, the seasonal patterns appear to be more complex and perhaps typical of subtropical catchments dominated by agricultural land use.

scholarly journals Crop sequences in Western Australia: what are they and are they sustainable? Findings of a four-year survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Harries ◽  
Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽  
Daniel Hüberli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
South West ◽  
Pathogen Dna

A survey was conducted of commercial broadacre paddocks in the south-west cropping zone of Western Australia from 2010 to 2013. In total, 687 paddock years of data were sampled from 184 paddocks. The land use of each paddock was recorded together with measurements of weed density, the incidence of soilborne pathogen DNA, and soil inorganic nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium). The dynamics of these biophysical variables were related to the crop and pasture sequences employed. Wheat was the most frequent land use (60% of paddock years), followed by canola and pasture (12% each), and lupins and barley (6% each). Four crop species, wheat, canola, barley and lupins, accounted for 84% of land use. By region, wheat, canola, barley and lupin accounted for 90% of land use in the Northern Agricultural Region (NAR), 83% in the Central Agricultural Region (CAR) and 78% in the Southern Agricultural Region (SAR). Conversely, pasture usage in the SAR was 21%, compared with 12% in the CAR and 7% in the NAR. Over the surveyed paddocks, weed density, soilborne pathogens and soil N were maintained at levels suitable for wheat production. The inclusion of land uses other than wheat at the frequency reported maintained the condition of these biophysical variables.

scholarly journals Analysis of Changes in Land Function and Social Culture of Community In Benggaila Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Hasbullah Syaf
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil And Water

The Benggaila watershed disembogues into Kendari Bay, the upper part was dominated by forest areas and the middle and downstream parts were dominated by residential areas. Its location in the capital city of Southeast Sulawesi causes a very high change in land use and social culture in the watershed. This study aimed to determine changes in land use and community socio-cultural activities in the period 2004 to 2019. The results showed that changes in land use during that year range were very high. Changes from agricultural land and forest to the settlement were 67.4% dominate the other changes. This condition causes a shift in the socio-cultural pattern of society. The people of origin who lived in the downstream and middle of the watershed were moved to the upstream, while the immigrants stayed downstream of the watershed. These changes have also changed the patterns and methods of farming as well as behavior in utilizing forests. Soil and water conservation efforts were carried out by integrating changes in land use and the current social conditions of the community through adequate land planning and the community's mindset in utilizing the land.

scholarly journals Analysis of the current classifier of types of purpose of agricultural lands and proposals for its improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dorosh ◽  
◽  
A. Barvinskyi ◽  
Sh. Ibatullin ◽  
A. Dorosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Direct Use

The analysis of the current Classification of types of intended purposes of land use is carried out. It is established that the existing 2-level Classification does not meet the modern requirements for monitoring land relations and the norms of current land legislation. The structure and content of the 4-level Classifier of typesof intended purposes of land use are proposed, which allows to determine in detail the type of permitted land use. It is established that the current classifier does not distinguish between the form of management and the type of land use. This issue is especially evident in the example of agricultural land, in which case the types of intended purposes indicate the legal form of landowner or user, rather than regulating the direct use of land. The proposed 4-level classifier is able to distinguish between the form of management and the type of land use. In forming this Classifier, the principles of complexity, systematicity, exhaustiveness, hierarchy and legality are taken into account; requirements of automated technologies for maintaining the State Land Cadastre and remote methods of land monitoring are considered, comprehensive and systematic methodological approaches in compliance with current domestic land legislation and relevant bylawsare applied; principles of openness and manufacturability, as well as recommendations of international organizationsare taken into account.

scholarly journals Could crop albedo modification reduce regional warming over Australia?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatin Kala ◽  
Annette Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Southeast Australia ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

&lt;p&gt;Climate observations and projections for Australia show an increase in warm temperature extremes, including the frequency, duration and intensity of heatwaves. Recent global scale studies have suggested that agricultural land-use management options, such as increasing crop albedo, could reducing local warming. Australia has approximately 3,727,210 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of cropland agricultural land-use, the majority of which is in southwest Western Australia and southeast Australia. This presents a potential opportunity to reduce regional warming via crop albedo enhancement. We use a regional climate model at 10 km resolution, to show that crop albedo enhancement of up to 0.1 could reduce monthly mean daily maximum temperatures by -1.0&amp;#176;C to -1.2&amp;#176;C, and monthly highest maximum temperatures by up to -1.4&amp;#176;C to -1.6&amp;#176;C during the cropping season. This cooling is approximately 3 times higher over Australia than global climate models predict. We highlight stronger cooling over southwest Western Australia as compared to southeast Australia, the opposite to global model studies which poorly resolve southwestern agricultural regions. The regional cooling was driven by a reduction in surface net shortwave radiation leading to a decrease in both sensible and latent heat flux of up to 50 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and 20 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2 &lt;/sup&gt;respectively, when albedo is increased by up to 0.1. There were no cloud feedbacks or effects on precipitation. Our results highlight the importance of using regional climate models at a sufficiently high spatial resolution when investigating agricultural land-use management to reduce regional warming.&lt;/p&gt;

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