scholarly journals COST1 regulates autophagy to control plant drought tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (13) ◽  
pp. 7482-7493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bao ◽  
Wei-Meng Song ◽  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Direct Regulation

Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified a plant-specific gene, COST1 (constitutively stressed 1), that is required for normal plant growth but negatively regulates drought resistance by influencing the autophagy pathway. An Arabidopsis thaliana cost1 mutant has decreased growth and increased drought tolerance, together with constitutive autophagy and increased expression of drought-response genes, while overexpression of COST1 confers drought hypersensitivity and reduced autophagy. The COST1 protein is degraded upon plant dehydration, and this degradation is reduced upon treatment with inhibitors of the 26S proteasome or autophagy pathways. The drought resistance of a cost1 mutant is dependent on an active autophagy pathway, but independent of other known drought signaling pathways, indicating that COST1 acts through regulation of autophagy. In addition, COST1 colocalizes to autophagosomes with the autophagosome marker ATG8e and the autophagy adaptor NBR1, and affects the level of ATG8e protein through physical interaction with ATG8e, indicating a pivotal role in direct regulation of autophagy. We propose a model in which COST1 represses autophagy under optimal conditions, thus allowing plant growth. Under drought, COST1 is degraded, enabling activation of autophagy and suppression of growth to enhance drought tolerance. Our research places COST1 as an important regulator controlling the balance between growth and stress responses via the direct regulation of autophagy.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of the effects of SlBRI1 expression levels on drought tolerance in tomato seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuming Nie ◽  
Zaijun Yang ◽  
Dan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Drought Conditions

Abstract Background: Brassinosteroids (BRs) not only influence plant growth and development but also regulate the various stress responses of plants. BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) acts as a BR receptor, sensing the BRs and then activating BR signaling. In this study, how SlBRI1 regulate the drought resistance of tomato have further been researched at physiological and transcriptomic level. Results: We obtained SlBRI1-overexpressing and SlBRI1 weak mutant (abs) plants in the same background to research the underlying mechanism in drought resistance. In this study, physiological analyses revealed that abs plants had a higher net photosynthetic rate and less wilting than MM plants; abs plants also had lower H2O2 and O2− accumulation through higher antioxidant enzyme activities under drought conditions. RNA-Seq analysis showed that 768 (53.9%) of 1425 drought-induced genes and 418 (49.8%) of 840 drought-repressed genes were regulated by abs in the same direction under normal conditions. Moreover, 158 drought-induced and 43 drought-repressed genes are further upregulated and downregulated in abs plants under drought conditions, respectively. An in-depth analysis of these DEGs revealed that abs regulated the expression of genes related to ABA metabolism and polyamine biosynthesis as well as oxidoreductase activity genes under normal and drought conditions. Furthermore, analysis of transcription factor expression suggested that abs affected drought tolerance mainly through the regulation of WRKY, ERF, bHLH and MYB transcription factors. However, the expression of most of these genes was the same or opposite in SlBRI1OE plants compared to the MM group. Conclusion: Our results establish that SlBRI1 expression level was negatively involved in drought responses of tomato. Furthermore, our study provides valuable information for future breeding to appropriately reduce the expression of SlBRI1 and improve drought resistance without affecting plant growth.

scholarly journals The production of pure hydrogen peroxide solutions in water activated by plasma of the electrodeless microwave discharge and their application to control plant growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
S. N. Andreev ◽  
L. M. Apasheva ◽  
M. Kh. Ashurov ◽  
N. A. Lukina ◽  
B. Sapaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Microwave Discharge ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Plasma Method ◽  
Agricultural Plants

A plasma method for producing pure solutions of hydrogen peroxide during activation of water by plasma of electrodeless microwave discharge has been developed. It is shown that the activated water has a pronounced effect on agricultural plants, being non-toxic and chemically pure regulator of biological activity. In particular, the treatment of seeds of agricultural plants with activated water solutions can improve their drought resistance.

scholarly journals A Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the New Insight of Green Light on Tomato Plant Growth and Drought Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Bian ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Steven Grundy ◽  
Katherine Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Aba Signal Transduction ◽  
Aba Synthesis

Light plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Green light has been reported to enhance plant drought tolerance via stomatal regulation. However, the mechanisms of green light-induced drought tolerance in plants remain elusive. To uncover those mechanisms, we investigated the molecular responses of tomato plants under monochromatic red, blue, and green light spectrum with drought and well-water conditions using a comparative transcriptomic approach. The results showed that compared with monochromatic red and blue light treated plants, green light alleviated the drought-induced inhibition of plant growth and photosynthetic capacity, and induced lower stomatal aperture and higher ABA accumulation in tomato leaves after 9 days of drought stress. A total of 3,850 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified in tomato leaves through pairwise comparisons. Functional annotations revealed that those DEGs responses to green light under drought stress were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, phototransduction, and calcium signaling pathway. The DEGs involved in ABA synthesis and ABA signal transduction both participated in the green light-induced drought tolerance of tomato plants. Compared with ABA signal transduction, more DEGs related to ABA synthesis were detected under different light spectral treatments. The bZIP transcription factor- HY5 was found to play a vital role in green light-induced drought responses. Furthermore, other transcription factors, including WRKY46 and WRKY81 might participate in the regulation of stomatal aperture and ABA accumulation under green light. Taken together, the results of this study might expand our understanding of green light-modulated tomato drought tolerance via regulating ABA accumulation and stomatal aperture.

scholarly journals Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception and signal transduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
Gareth Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Jasmonates (JAs) are physiologically important molecules involved in a wide range of plant responses from growth, flowering, senescence to defence against abiotic and biotic stress. They are rapidly synthesised from α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3 ∆9,12,15) by a process of oxidation, cyclisation and acyl chain shortening involving co-operation between the chloroplast and peroxisome. The active form of JA is the isoleucine conjugate, JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which is synthesised in the cytoplasm. Other active metabolites of JA include the airborne signalling molecules, methyl JA (Me-JA) and cis-jasmone (CJ), which act as inter-plant signalling molecules activating defensive genes encoding proteins and secondary compounds such as anthocyanins and alkaloids. One of the key defensive metabolites in many plants is a protease inhibitor that inactivates the protein digestive capabilities of insects, thereby, reducing their growth. The receptor for JA-Ile is a ubiquitin ligase termed as SCFCoi1 that targets the repressor protein JA Zim domain (JAZ) for degradation in the 26S proteasome. Removal of JAZ allows other transcription factors (TFs) to activate the JA response. The levels of JA-Ile are controlled through catabolism by hydroxylating enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family. The JAZ proteins act as metabolic hubs and play key roles in cross-talk with other phytohormone signalling pathways in co-ordinating genome-wide responses. Specific subsets of JAZ proteins are involved in regulating different response outcomes such as growth inhibition versus biotic stress responses. Understanding the molecular circuits that control plant responses to pests and pathogens is a necessary pre-requisite to engineering plants with enhanced resilience to biotic challenges for improved agricultural yields.

scholarly journals Copper nanoparticle application enhances plant growth and grain yield in maize under drought stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Van Nguyen ◽  
Huong Mai Nguyen ◽  
Nga Thanh Le ◽  
Kien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Huong Mai Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Copper Nanoparticle

ABSTRACTAbiotic stresses, including drought, detrimentally affect the growth and productivity of many economically important crop plants, leading to significant yield losses, which can result in food shortages and threaten the sustainability of agriculture. Balancing between plant growth and stress responses is one of the most important characters for agricultural application to maximize plant production. In this study, we initially report that copper nanoparticle priming positively regulates drought stress responses in maize. The copper nanoparticle priming plants displayed enhanced drought tolerance indicated by their higher leaf water content and plant biomass under drought as compared with water-treated plants. Moreover, our data showed that the treatment of copper nanoparticle on plants increased anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents compared to water-treated plants under drought stress conditions. Additionally, histochemical analyses with nitro blue tetrazolium and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine revealed that reactive oxygen species accumulation of priming plants was decreased as a result of enhancement of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activities under drought. Furthermore, our comparative yield analysis data indicated applying copper nanoparticle to plant increased total seed number and grain yield under drought stress conditions. Our data provided the evidences that copper nanoparticle regulates plant protective mechanisms associated with drought tolerance, which is a promising approach for the production of drought tolerant crop plants.

scholarly journals Signaling Peptides Regulating Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun Kim ◽  
Byeong Wook Jeon ◽  
Jungmook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Signaling Peptides

As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to constantly changing environments that are often stressful for their growth and development. To cope with these stresses, plants have evolved complex and sophisticated stress-responsive signaling pathways regulating the expression of transcription factors and biosynthesis of osmolytes that confer tolerance to plants. Signaling peptides acting like phytohormones control various aspects of plant growth and development via cell-cell communication networks. These peptides are typically recognized by membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases, inducing activation of cellular signaling to control plant growth and development. Recent studies have revealed that several signaling peptides play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this mini review, we provide recent findings on the roles and signaling pathways of peptides that are involved in coordinating plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as dehydration, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, and heat. We also discuss recent developments in signaling peptides that play a role in plant adaptation responses to nutrient deficiency stress, focusing on nitrogen and phosphate deficiency responses.

Wheat regenerants in the system of rapid assessment of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Seldimirova O.A. ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova ◽  
N.N. Кruglova ◽  
F.М. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Model System ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Experimental Model System

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide on the efficiency of regenerants obtained from embryonic calli formation was studied in wheat cultivars contrast for drought resistance. The possibility of using the experimental model system «immature embryo – embryonic callus – regenerant» in the rapid assessment of the effect of antistress plant growth regulators is shown.

scholarly journals Actin-Related Protein 4 Interacts with PIE1 and Regulates Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Nie ◽  
Jinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide Change ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Related Proteins

As essential structural components of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, the nucleolus-localized actin-related proteins (ARPs) play critical roles in many biological processes. Among them, ARP4 is identified as an integral subunit of chromatin remodeling complex SWR1, which is conserved in yeast, humans and plants. It was shown that RNAi mediated knock-down of Arabidopsis thaliana ARP4 (AtARP4) could affect plant development, specifically, leading to early flowering. However, so far, little is known about how ARP4 functions in the SWR1 complex in plant. Here, we identified a loss-of-function mutant of AtARP4 with a single nucleotide change from glycine to arginine, which had significantly smaller leaf size. The results from the split luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed its physical interaction with the scaffold and catalytic subunit of SWR1 complex, photoperiod-independent early flowering 1 (PIE1). Furthermore, mutation of AtARP4 caused altered transcription response of hundreds of genes, in which the number of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much larger than those down-regulated. Although most DEGs in atarp4 are related to plant defense and response to hormones such as salicylic acid, overall, it has less overlapping with other swr1 mutants and the hta9 hta11 double-mutant. In conclusion, our results reveal that AtARP4 is important for plant growth and such an effect is likely attributed to its repression on gene expression, typically at defense-related loci, thus providing some evidence for the coordination of plant growth and defense, while the regulatory patterns and mechanisms are distinctive from other SWR1 complex components.

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