Visualizing science and technology across cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Rosário Durão ◽  
Marta Pacheco Pinto ◽  
Kristina Henneke ◽  
Karen M. Balch

Science and technology (S&T) visuals seem remarkably alike across cultures globally. Yet, individual and cultural experiences of scientists and engineers vary before they master the tools and techniques of their disciplines, and different parts of the world have different understandings of S&T. This disparity led us to conduct a pilot study with five S&T students at New Mexico Tech. We concluded that S&T visuals vary across cultures, the variations between designs comprise a spectrum of visual-textual and textual-visual correlations, and the similarities and differences between the visuals are caused by diverse individual and contextual factors.

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 931-932
Author(s):  
Jayant V. Narlikar

There are several international organizations currently working towards raising the standard of science and technology in the third world countries (TWCs). It is being appreciated that instead of dealing with the issue on a country by country basis, it helps to view and solve the problem in a network mode. It is sometimes the case that one TWC may have resource persons, or facilities which can benefit by sharing with the other TWCs. Or, a group of workers from different TWCs can be brought together for a school or workshop in which experts drawn from different parts of the world participate as lecturers or guides.


Author(s):  
William O’Toole ◽  
Dr Stephen Luke ◽  
Travis Semmens ◽  
Dr Jason Brown ◽  
Andrew Tatrai

The widely respected Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs describes our basic requirement for safety and security as just above food, water, warmth, and rest. For the purposes of this chapter, safety is considered in the context of event security. In this context safety is an emotion that is affected by the trust a patron places on the signals, signs and feelings they detect when they review a place, an event, buy a ticket to an event, or attend an event. In essence, the relationship between a patron and a security provider is one of trust. Patrons attending events have an emotional investment in an event, based on both their expectation of the event itself and on their awareness of the risks of attending an event, formed via knowledge of security incidents at other venues around the world. The security profession, on the other hand, invests in the event process through planning, implementation, and application that needs to be robust and stable to fulfil patrons’ trust and maximise their return on investment, and to prevent failure or any other incident that may significantly damage the event. This chapter will explore what security does to make people feel safe and to prevent the loss of assets. It will use a systems theory approach to discuss the interrelation and interaction of the various dynamic aspects of the different parts of the security process.


Geminate consonants, also known as long consonants, appear in many languages in the world, and how they contrast with their short counterparts, or singletons (e.g. /tt/ vs. /t/), is an important topic that features in most linguistics and phonology textbooks. However, neither their phonetic manifestation nor their phonological nature is fully understood, much less their cross-linguistic similarities and differences. As the first volume specifically devoted to the phonetics and phonology of geminate consonants, this book aims to bring together novel, original data and analyses concerning many individual languages in different parts of the world, to present a wide range of perspectives for the study of phonological contrasts in general by introducing various experimental (acoustic, perceptual, physiological, and electrophysiological) and non-experimental methodologies, and to discuss phonological contrasts in a wider context than is generally considered by looking also at the behaviour of geminate consonants in loanword phonology and language acquisition. Studying geminate consonants requires interdisciplinary approaches including experimental phonetics (acoustics and speech perception), theoretical phonology, speech processing, neurolinguistics, and language acquisition. Providing phonetic and phonological details about geminate consonants across languages will greatly contribute to research in these fields.


Author(s):  
М. АБДОЛЛАХИ

Символика числа представляет большой интерес в контексте исследования эпических произведений. Семантике чисел в фольклорных источниках посвящено большое количество работ, но нет сопоставительных исследований по символике чисел в эпосе иранских народов и осетин. Между тем, в исторической науке надежно доказано, что персы и осетины близки по своим историческим корням, культурным и общественным связям, которые нашли отражение в Шахнаме Фирдоуси, неоднократно упоминавшего алан в своем произведении. Иранские народы обладают богатой эпической традицией, уходящей в глубокую древность и сохранившей культурные, мифологические и религиозные символы. И в осетинском Нартовском эпосе, и в Шахнаме широко используется концепт «число» как базовый концепт культуры. В настоящей статье ставится задача исследования концепта «число» в персидском и осетинском эпосах, выявления сходства и различий в интерпретации их символики. Известно, что числа с давних пор играют важную роль в жизни людей в разных уголках мира и, кроме количественного показателя, имеют скрытые смысловые коды. Изучение этих смыслов и влияния качественных и смысловых характеристик некоторых чисел, таких как три, четыре, семь, тринадцать, сорок и других, на жизнь персов и осетин показывает их значительное сходство. В результате исследования доказано, что числа, представленные в Шахнаме и эпических сказаниях о нартах, неразрывно связаны с мифологическим сознанием народов, с сакральной символикой их традиционной культуры и свидетельствуют об общих исторических корнях, культурных контактах и влияниях. The symbolism of the number evokes great interest in the context of the study of epic works. Extensive research and theory view the semantics of numbers in the folklore sources, but no comparative studies on the symbolism of numbers in the epic of the Iranian peoples and the Ossetians have been undertaken so far. However, it is reliably proven in the historical science that the Persians and the Ossetians share common historical roots, are bound by cultural and social ties. This fact is reflected in Shahnameh by Ferdowsi, who repeatedly mentioned Alan in his work. The Iranian peoples have a rich epic tradition, which goes back to ancient times and has preserved cultural, mythological and religious symbols. Both in the the Ossetian Narts’ epic, and in Shakhnameh, the concept of «Number» is widely used as the basic concept of culture. The task of the present article is to study the concept of «Number» in the Persian and Ossetian epics, to identify similarities and differences in the interpretation of their symbols. It is known that numbers have long played an important role in people’s lives in different parts of the world and, apart from the quantitative index they have hidden semantic codes. The study of these meanings and the influence of the qualitative and semantic characteristics of certain numbers, such as three, four, seven, thirteen, forty and others, on the life of the Persians and the Ossetians shows their considerable similarity. As a result of the research it was proved that the numbers presented in Shahnameh and the epic legends about the Narts are inextricably linked with the mythological consciousness of peoples, with sacred symbols of their traditional culture and testify to common historical roots, cultural contacts and influences.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Guger ◽  
Christoph Kapeller ◽  
Hiroshi Ogawa ◽  
Satoru Hiroshima ◽  
Kyousuke Kamada

How do different parts of the brain work together to help us see, move, understand, and do other things? For many years, we have known that different brain regions perform different tasks that are important for vision. Some brain regions are responsible for seeing faces, colors, lines, movement, or other parts of the world. But mapping different brain regions in detail is very challenging, especially because everyone’s brain is slightly different. Sometimes, brain surgeons must place electrodes inside a patient’s skull—on the surface of the brain—to get a more detailed map. This article describes a study done by a group of brain surgeons, scientists, and engineers. We studied the activity of a patient’s brain while he looked at different objects. We identified two brain regions that were active when the patient processed faces or colors. If we stimulated these areas, the patient reported seeing faces or colors, even if he was looking at something else! The results of this study help show how different parts of the brain perform different tasks, and could lead to safer, more precise brain surgery.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cristian Sánchez Mercado

Throughout history the development of the countries has been generated mainly by the impulse in two complementary axes: Science and Technology, and Trade. At present we are experiencing an exponential scientific and technological development and the Economy in all its fronts is driven by the intensive application of technology. According to these considerations, this research tries to expose the development of Innovation Management as a transversal mechanism to promote the different socioeconomic areas and especially those supported by engineering. To this end, use will be made of Technology Watch in order to identify the advances of the main research centres related to innovation in the world. Next, there will be an evaluation of the main models of Innovation Management and related methodologies that expose some of the existing Innovation Observatories in the world to finally make a proposal for Innovation Management applicable to the reality of Peru, so that it can be taken into consideration by stakeholders (Government, Academy, Business and Civil Society) committed to Innovation Management in the country


1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Mellinger ◽  
Jalileh A. Mansour ◽  
Richmond W. Smith

ABSTRACT A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.


Author(s):  
Brian Stanley

This book charts the transformation of one of the world's great religions during an age marked by world wars, genocide, nationalism, decolonization, and powerful ideological currents, many of them hostile to Christianity. The book traces how Christianity evolved from a religion defined by the culture and politics of Europe to the expanding polycentric and multicultural faith it is today—one whose growing popular support is strongest in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, and other parts of Asia. The book sheds critical light on themes of central importance for understanding the global contours of modern Christianity, illustrating each one with contrasting case studies, usually taken from different parts of the world. Unlike other books on world Christianity, this one is not a regional survey or chronological narrative, nor does it focus on theology or ecclesiastical institutions. The book provides a history of Christianity as a popular faith experienced and lived by its adherents, telling a compelling and multifaceted story of Christendom's fortunes in Europe, North America, and across the rest of the globe. It demonstrates how Christianity has had less to fear from the onslaughts of secularism than from the readiness of Christians themselves to accommodate their faith to ideologies that privilege racial identity or radical individualism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shrikant Verma ◽  
Mohammad Abbas ◽  
Sushma Verma ◽  
Syed Tasleem Raza ◽  
Farzana Mahdi

A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riga Sari ◽  
Hade Afriansyah

This article describe about curriculum. The curriculum is a set of plans and arrangements regarding the objectives, content, and learning materials and materials used as guidelines for the implementation of learning activities to achieve certain educational goals. Administration of the curriculum is a system of curriculum management that is cooperative, comprehensive, systemic, and systematic in order to realize the achievement of curriculum objectives. The aim of the curriculum is to achieve institutional learning at educational institutions, so that the curriculum plays an important role in realizing quality and quality schools. The method used in this study includes planning, implementation, supervision, and curriculum evaluation. Thus it can be seen that a good curriculum is a curriculum that follows the development of science and technology based on society. Failure in the administration of a curriculum will have fatal consequences on the success of the world of education.


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