Contribution à l’acquisition automatique de nouveaux sens

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-172
Author(s):  
Coralie Reutenauer ◽  
Evelyne Jacquey
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

This paper tackles the question of automated meaning acquisition. In several cases, meaning change can be considered as a process spreading both in time and through domains. In addition, this phenomenon relies on interactions between word meaning in discourse and dictionary definitions. We outline the main steps of a procedure to highlight the spread of a new word meaning in corpus, to extract semantic content represented by domain labels and to match corpus and dictionary information. The methodology is illustrated by experiments on several lexical units observed in a press corpus ranging from 2004 to 2010 and divided into several domains.

The Place of G. F. Stout’s “Thought and Language” (1891) in the History of English Semantics

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
Brigitte Nerlich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Summary This article is intended to fill a gap in the history of semantics and the history of the psychology of language in England at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. The work of the psychologist and philosopher George Frederick Stout (1860–1944) is analysed, focusing on an article on ‘thought and language’, published in 1891. In this article Stout proposes a new theory and typology of signs – his contribution to semiotics. He also puts forward a new definition of language as a system of signs and an instrument of communication. Finally, he develops a new conception of word meaning, sentence meaning and meaning in discourse, based on the notion of ‘apperception’. He compares his concept of meaning and meaning change with that of Hermann Paul and uses it to criticize the latters definitions of usual and occasional meaning.

scholarly journals Semantic Structure of Concept «Macht» in German Cultural Studies: Psycholinguistic Aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-305
Author(s):  
Olesia Skliarenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
German Nation ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Given

The article reveals some peculiarities of semantic structure of concept «MACHT» functioning in German cultural studies. The analyses of lexicographic objectification of the name of the concept «MACHT» has been done, which points to some peculiarities chain in conceptual way of thinking of the studied mental unit in German cultural studies. The given facts let us suggest, that the model of composites forming with derivative element– macht are productive for German lingual environment and point to their semantic actuality and high recurrence of the given mental unit in conceptual world picture. Lexical and semantic connections of concept verbalizator «MACHT» of the lexem «Macht», which were analyzed in the proposed article point to the polisemantic structure of the actual word. Collocational analyses has shown, that semantic peculiarities of function of concept «MACHT» are actually in the word, which is its name - «Macht» and are mostly used in connection with attributes and predicates. The collocation quantity with the lexemes proves that there are some actual language collocations, where the analyzed lexeme is used in communicative area. It was established, that among the main verbalizators of the concept «MACHT» phraseological units are rather wide spread. These phraseological units objectivize all maim concept slots, such as «Action», «Object of Power» and «Subject of Power». Besides we have come to conclusion that research of individual word meaning taking into consideration some association words gives the possibility not only to establish the fact of word meaning change but also to analyze the change of individual world picture of German speaking society and give some predictions about negative changes on German political stage. As a conclusion we may say, that the proposed study establishes, that through semantic, paradigmatic, syntagmatic and phraseological collocations of the concept lexeme «Macht» the whole chain of cognitive characteristics of the mental unit may be actualized. They point to the fact, that these mental units are relevant in German world picture and in the same way of the complete German nation.

scholarly journals The Description and Documentation of the Karonese Semantic

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Rosita Ginting ◽  
Leman Sembiring ◽  
Joy Sembiring ◽  
Sugihana Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Form Theory ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Clear Information

The research, recording, and documentation of Karonese Semantic is an attempt to re-identify the types of word meaning, meaning relation, meaning change and meaning of names in Karonese. The semantics of Karo language is a type of communication that reflects the cultural values ??of the region, and is a part of the national culture. The Karonese sematic needs to be done in an attempt to recapture as clear information as possible about the types, relationships and changes in the meaning and meaning of names in Karonese. Semantics, which is a science of meanings of words, helps to answer it. To get research data in the form of descriptive qualitative, we applied an observation method with the technique of involment and communication, a method of interview with the recording and noting down technique, and a method of documentation with noting down technique. The results are presented in narrative form theory with structural analysis.

Lexico-Semantics

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-95
Author(s):  
Lotte Meteyard ◽  
Gabriella Vigliocco
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Core Issues

This chapter presents a summary of current theories and future directions for research into how humans represent and process word meaning (lexico-semantics). The chapter begins with a review of theoretical approaches from cognitive and developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and computational sciences. Three core issues are identified that theories need to account for: (1) how to characterize non-verbal concepts and lexico-semantics; (2) the cognitive and neural format of lexico-semantic representations; and (3) whether lexico-semantics is fundamentally independent of context (Is there is a fixed “core” of what a word means?) or fundamentally dependent on context (Does word meaning change depending on how it is used?). We conclude that a useful direction for future research will be to carefully consider how words change with their context of use.

scholarly journals THE SEMANTIC ORGANIZATION OF DIPLOMATIC TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
K. Ashinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Complex Term ◽  
Main Thing

This article provides a brief description of semantic processes such as expansion, contraction or specialization of meanings. Nowadays there is no common understanding and continuity of main semantic categories known in the field of linguistics. It is known such categories as sign (symbol), concept, meaning, types of linguistic meanings, absolute and relative semantic content and others are included in that.The main thing in terminology process is word meaning, and it is determined by main featuresof term concept. As a result of semantic development of ancient words and changes in internal semantic structure the new nominative semewill be defined. Language is directly related to processes of differentiation and integration. These processes are characterized by semantic interpretation of language signs in understanding and communication. The diplomatic terms are formed according to general rules of word formation striving for individuality and stylistic neutrality. The meaning of complex term does not derive from individual meaning of its components. The component function is equal to function of phonemes in single-root terms particularly in distinctive form. The article was prepared on the basis of written sources and literature.

scholarly journals Multiple Regions of a Cortical Network Commonly Encode the Meaning of Words in Multiple Grammatical Positions of Read Sentences

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 2396-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Anderson ◽  
Edmund C Lalor ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Jeffrey R Binder ◽  
Leonardo Fernandino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Deciphering how sentence meaning is represented in the brain remains a major challenge to science. Semantically related neural activity has recently been shown to arise concurrently in distributed brain regions as successive words in a sentence are read. However, what semantic content is represented by different regions, what is common across them, and how this relates to words in different grammatical positions of sentences is weakly understood. To address these questions, we apply a semantic model of word meaning to interpret brain activation patterns elicited in sentence reading. The model is based on human ratings of 65 sensory/motor/emotional and cognitive features of experience with words (and their referents). Through a process of mapping functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging activation back into model space we test: which brain regions semantically encode content words in different grammatical positions (e.g., subject/verb/object); and what semantic features are encoded by different regions. In left temporal, inferior parietal, and inferior/superior frontal regions we detect the semantic encoding of words in all grammatical positions tested and reveal multiple common components of semantic representation. This suggests that sentence comprehension involves a common core representation of multiple words’ meaning being encoded in a network of regions distributed across the brain.

scholarly journals Gongsun Longzi’s “Form”: Minimal Word Meaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Limin Liu ◽  
Qiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
Semantic Minimalism ◽  
Internal Lexicon ◽  
Meaning Holism ◽  
Conceptual Meaning ◽  
Language Meaning

Inspired by Gongsun Longzi’s “form-naming” idea about word meaning, this paper argues that 1) the internal lexicon contains only the list of word-meaning pairs, with no additional information either as part of word meaning or as a structural level above it; 2) the meaning of word is a minimal C-Form, the identifying conceptual meaning that individuates a concept; 3) C-Form is the interface between word meaning and concept meaning; and 4) a sentence has a minimal semantic content, consisting of the minimal meanings of the words composing it, which is propositional and truth-evaluable, and contextual elements contribute nothing to the meaning of language expressions. This paper adheres to semantic minimalism, believing meanwhile that meaning holism helps in semantics inquiry, since reflection on language meaning differs from language meaning itself.  

A Longitudinal Posthumous Study of Letter Writing in a Late Elderly Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Normal Status

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.

A Developmental Study of Intonation Recognition

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Corlew
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Better Than

Two experiments investigated the information conveyed by intonation from speaker to listener. A multiple-choice test was devised to test the ability of 48 adults to recognize and label intonation when it was separated from all other meaning. Nine intonation contours whose labels were most agreed upon by adults were each matched with two English sentences (one with appropriate and one with inappropriate intonation and semantic content) to make a matching-test for children. The matching-test was tape-recorded and given to children in the first, third, and fifth grades (32 subjects in each grade). The first-grade children matched the intonations with significantly greater agreement than chance; but they agreed upon significantly fewer sentences than either the third or fifth graders. Some intonation contours were matched with significantly greater frequency than others. The performance of the girls was better than that of the boys on an impatient question and a simple command which indicates that there was a significant interaction between sex and intonation.

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