The encoding of emotions in Kakataibo (Panoan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-201
Author(s):  
Roberto Zariquiey
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Systematic Pattern ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Kakataibo (a Panoan language spoken in Peru) encodes emotional meanings by means of various morphological and prosodic devices. Some of them may be related to pragmatic implications (like the expression of affection by the diminutive), but others constitute dedicated emotional markers (as is the case of the illocutionary suffixes, augmentative nominalizers and nasalized imperatives). The fact that almost all the emotional markers carry nasalization is interpreted here as a possible case of language-internal sound-symbolism between nasalization and (negative) emotional meanings. This paper also shows that in Kakataibo we find a systematic pattern according to which dedicated emotional markers express negative emotions and never positive ones. Both the phonological and the semantic systems described in this paper may reveal patterns relevant for the cross-linguistic research on the grammar of emotions.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Spatial Interpolation Methods Applied to Monthly Rainfall as Support for Landscape Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9566
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caloiero ◽  
Gaetano Pellicone ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Ilaria Guagliardi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All

Landscape management requires spatially interpolated data, whose outcomes are strictly related to models and geostatistical parameters adopted. This paper aimed to implement and compare different spatial interpolation algorithms, both geostatistical and deterministic, of rainfall data in New Zealand. The spatial interpolation techniques used to produce finer-scale monthly rainfall maps were inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), kriging with external drift (KED), and ordinary cokriging (COK). Their performance was assessed by the cross-validation and visual examination of the produced maps. The results of the cross-validation clearly evidenced the usefulness of kriging in the spatial interpolation of rainfall data, with geostatistical methods outperforming IDW. Results from the application of different algorithms provided some insights in terms of strengths and weaknesses and the applicability of the deterministic and geostatistical methods to monthly rainfall. Based on the RMSE values, the KED showed the highest values only in April, whereas COK was the most accurate interpolator for the other 11 months. By contrast, considering the MAE, the KED showed the highest values in April, May, June and July, while the highest values have been detected for the COK in the other months. According to these results, COK has been identified as the best method for interpolating rainfall distribution in New Zealand for almost all months. Moreover, the cross-validation highlights how the COK was the interpolator with the best least bias and scatter in the cross-validation test, with the smallest errors.

scholarly journals Translating English Sound Symbolism in Italian Comics: A Corpus-Based Linguistic Analysis across Six Decades (1932–1992)

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Pier Simone Pischedda
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Archival Work ◽  
Shed Light

Linking interdisciplinarity and multimodality in translation studies, this paper will analyse the diachronic translation of English ideophones in Italian Disney comics. This is achieved thanks to the compiling of a bi-directional corpus of sound symbolic entries spanning six decades (1932–1992)—a corpus that was created following extensive archival work in various Italian and American libraries between 2014 and 2016. The central aim is to showcase practical examples coming from published comic scripts and to highlight patterns of translation in each of the five different time windows which were chosen according to specific historical, linguistic and cultural vicissitudes taking place in the Italian nation. Overall, the intention is to shed light on an under-developed area of studies that focuses on the cross-linguistical transposition of ideophonic forms in comic books and to pinpoint how greater factors might influence the treatment of such deceptively miniscule elements in the comic books’ pages.

Fears among children and overcoming them

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Alekseyevna Gorkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Almost All

The article examines the fears of children, which are divided into three following groups: the “instinctive” fears (fear of death, death of relatives, fear of doctors, injections, etc.), fears of “interpersonal relations” (fear of being late, did not catch, fear of inability to cope with feelings, fear of disapproval from peers, etc.) and “technological” fears (fear of fire, fly a plane, explosions, etc.). According to the research of 2008- 2011, almost all children revealed a fear of losing their parents. Change is observed in the content side: children 4-6 years were afraid of losing their parents because parents provide their lives. The perception of parents is changing at the age of 7-9 years and children realize love for them, in 10-11 years signs of the partnership and its value appear. Also the fear of school can be attributed like one of the most frequent fears in children and adolescents. The results of our study showed that almost every third child in the preschool group does not want to go to school and / or nega-tively assesses its educational opportunities. Number of school fears decreases with age and in early adolescence 11-12 years is about 20 %. The article contains a description of such ways to overcome fears as: creation of conditions to transfer interactions and feelings on the toy to defuse a tension; drawing as a way of expressing positive and negative emotions; a variety of fairy tales including in the form metaphors of the life path; parent’s ability to control the amount of crisis situations in children using the Diary of a gradual change of the child problematic behaviour and etc. The study examined the phenomenon of “no fear” in children, which has been found in almost every tenth child. Discusses its possible causes and negative sides.

Patterns and scales of expressive palatalization: Experimental evidence from Japanese

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Kochetov ◽  
John Alderete
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Cross

This article argues for the existence of expressive palatalization (E-Pal) – a phonologically unmotivated process that applies in sound symbolism, diminutive constructions, and babytalk registers. It is proposed that E-Pal is grounded in iconic sound-meaning associations exploiting acoustic properties of palatalized consonants and thus is inherently different from regular phonological palatalization (P-Pal). A cross-linguistic survey of patterns of E-Pal in 37 languages shows that it exhibits a set of properties different from P-Pal. The case study focuses on patterns of palatalization in Japanese mimetic vocabulary and babytalk. Two experiments testing native speaker intuitions of these patterns revealed that both patterns exhibit place and manner asymmetries typical of cross-linguistic patterns of E-Pal. The cross-linguistic survey, the two experiments, and analysis of the origins and structural differences of E-Pal and P-Pal provide strong empirical and theoretical motivation to distinguish the two.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF CARDBOARD ON ITS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
Nikolay Petrovich Midukov ◽  
Viktor Sergeyevich Kurov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Contact Lines ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Fiber Contact ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Prediction Of Mechanical Properties ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Compression Resistance

The article is devoted to the prediction of mechanical properties on the study of the microstructure of the cross section of cardboard. The results of the work in the future can be used as an addition to standard methods for evaluating the mechanical properties of cardboard. On the basis of images of the microstructure of the cross sections of the two-layer test liner cardboard and their graphic processing using modern computer programs, the lengths of fiber contacts were determined. Guided by the fact that the most significant indicator of all geometric parameters of the microstructure is the length of fiber contacts, the main mechanical properties of cardboard were determined (bursting strength and compression resistance, breaking length, bending stiffness, interlayer strength)produced according to various technologies (conventional method of preparing recovered paper stock, dry defibration of recovered paper with aerodynamic formation of the top layer, dry defibration of recovered paper with subsequent supply of fibers to the stock and dry defibration of recovered paper with subsequent grinding in the stock). Each of the technologies allows to obtain cardboard with different mechanical parameters. It has been established that almost all mechanical indicators depend directly proportionally on the length of the fiber contact lines. The obtained dependencies can be used to predict the mechanical properties of cardboard in its production at industry enterprises.

Neurons in the globus pallidus do not show correlated activity in the normal monkey, but phase-locked oscillations appear in the MPTP model of parkinsonism

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1800-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nini ◽  
A. Feingold ◽  
H. Slovin ◽  
H. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Postural Tremor ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Normal Monkey ◽  
Mptp Treatment ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mptp Model

1. To test the mode of functional connectivity in the basal ganglia circuitry, we studied the activity of simultaneously recorded neurons in the globus pallidus (GP) of a behaving rhesus monkey. The cross-correlograms of pairs of neurons in the GP were compared with those of neurons in the thalamus and frontal cortex and to the cross-correlograms of pallidal pairs after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. 2. In contrast with cortical and thalamic neuronal activity, almost all pairs (n = 76/81 pairs; 93.8%, 1,629/1,651 histograms; 98.7%) of GP neurons in the normal monkey were not driven by a common input. 3. The monkey was systemically treated with MPTP until the appearance of parkinsonian signs and an intermittent 7- to 11-Hz action/postural tremor. After the MPTP treatment, many pallidal neurons (49/140; 35%) became oscillatory, and 19% (n = 31/162) of pallidal pairs had oscillatory cross-correlograms. 4. These results support the model of parallel processing in the basal ganglia of normal monkeys and suggest a breakdown of the independent activity in the parkinsonian state.

scholarly journals Pokémonikers: A study of sound symbolism and Pokémon names

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S Shih ◽  
Jordan Ackerman ◽  
Noah Hermalin ◽  
Sharon Inkelas ◽  
Darya Kavitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Human Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Key Questions

Sound symbolism flouts the core assumption of the arbitrariness of the sign in human language. The cross-linguistic prevalence of sound symbolism raises key questions about the universality versus language-specificity of sound symbolic correspondences. One challenge to studying cross-linguistic sound symbolic patterns is the difficulty of holding constant real-world referents across cultures. In this study, we address the challenge of cross-linguistic comparison by utilising a rich, cross-linguistic dataset drawn from the Pokémon game franchise. Within this controlled universe, we compare the sound symbolisms of Japanese and English Pokémon names (pokemonikers). Our results show a tendency in both languages to encode the same attributes with sound symbolism, but also reveal key differences rooted in language-specific structural and lexical constraints.

scholarly journals JAPANESE ONOMATOPOEIC SEMANTIC STRUCTURES A NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 4711-4720
Author(s):  
Ita Fitriana, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, I Wayan Pastika, I Nengah Sudipa
Keyword(s):  
Language Community ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Action Verbs

Onomatopoeia is a product of language and culture. Although almost all languages have an onomatopoeia, they are different in application. Japanese onomatopoeia is more like French onomatopoeia in that it not only imitates the sound that is heard, but also that which the senses do not hear. This research aims to describe the original meaning of Japanese onomatopoeic verbs into a simple one so that they are easily understood by the cross-language community. The method used is the technique of observing and recording data obtained from written media such as textbooks and websites. The findings obtained from this study are that several semantic structures show similarities and differences, namely the differences of intention and desire from state verbs, process verbs and action verbs.

Adverbs of certainty in a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Rozumko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
The Cross ◽  
National Corpus

The increasing interest in cross-linguistic research in the area of epistemic modality calls for developing a common theoretical framework within which the inventories and uses of epistemics can be compared across languages. The aim of this study is to compare the repertoires of English and Polish adverbs of certainty taking as the starting point the classification employed by Simon-Vandenbergen and Aijmer (2007). It attempts to examine the validity of their typology for cross-linguistic studies with reference to data from English and Polish. The uses of English and Polish epistemics are illustrated with examples from the British National Corpus and the PWN corpus, respectively. Because the means of expressing epistemic modality differ both the cross-linguistically and cross-culturally, the findings are placed in a cross-cultural perspective.

Institutions and Natural Resources Sustainability in Poor Socio-Ecological Systems: Closing some Dynamical Loops

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton Paulo Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Time Series Approach ◽  
Causal Chains ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All

The goal of this paper is proposing an alternative strategy to analyze the relationships between institutions and common-pool resources management in small rural communities in less developed countries. It will be suggested that the cross-section statistical methods used in almost all the quantitative researches in the field, due to difficulties related mainly to the endogeneity among variables, seem little promising in helping to answer some recent important criticisms. The main reason is that the relationships among institutions, population and common resources are, for their own nature, endogenous, and therefore trying “to correct” this problem would mean discarding the more relevant mechanisms and processes involved. The methodology to be adopted – system dynamics – emphasizes exactly the most relevant endogenous causal chains in poor socio-ecological systems (PSES) dynamics. In order to test the hypotheses to be formulated it will be suggested a methodology that emphasizes not the comparison among cases but the time dynamics of specific cases, that is a (kind of) time series approach instead of the cross-section approach traditionally used in applied studies on commons.

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