Polysystem theory

Target ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Fung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Cultural Turn

This article deals with three interrelated issues: first the ‘cultural turn’ of Itamar Even-Zohar in contrast to the ‘cultural turn’ in Translation Studies, then the application of an augmented version of Polysystem theory in a short case study, and finally the question of objectivity and neutrality in descriptive polysystem studies. It is argued that Polysystem theory and other cultural theories of translation, be they descriptive or politically committed, can be mutually enriching rather than incompatible, and that, with some augmentation and further development, it may serve as an adequate framework for research into the ‘external politics’ of translation.

scholarly journals The Translator’s Subjectivity and Its Constraints in News Transediting: A Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Cultural Turn ◽  
Reception Aesthetics

Drawing upon the theory of reception aesthetics, this paper aims to systematically explore the news translator’s subjectivity and the constraints involved in transediting hard news texts. The translator, who actively receives, selects and conveys information, plays a decisive role in striking an appropriate balance between accuracy and acceptability during the transediting process. By optimally exerting his/her subjectivity, the translator can produce appropriate target news that communicate effectively. Interest in the translator’s subjectivity has continued to grow since the cultural turn in translation studies which introduced a range of new approaches. These either focus exclusively on the translator’s subjectivity or emphasize the constraints impinging upon it, but, in either instance fail to provide a comprehensive account. In contrast, the theory of reception aesthetics, which takes both aspects into account, provides a more thorough theoretical framework. This paper first performs a theoretical analysis of the reciprocity between the translator’s subjectivity and its corresponding constraints. A case study on English-Chinese news transediting in the Taiwanese press is then conducted to further explain how to apply the theoretical analysis in order to examine and assess the translator’s constrained subjectivity in actual transediting practice.

scholarly journals “Shy Characters” and Flesh-and-bone People

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (47) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Karolina Dębska
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Turn

The cultural turn in translation studies has brought about a focus on the translator and the opportunity to make him or her less invisible, as well as to understand the circumstances in which he or she had to live and work, and clarify the translatorial choices they made. The present article is a case study in the history of translators in Poland, focusing specifically on 18th- and 19th-century women translators of scientific texts and the contexts in which they operated.

scholarly journals On Children’s Literature Translation from the Perspective of Manipulation Theory—A Case Study of the Ren Rongrong’s Chinese Translation of Charlotte’s Web

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Wenjia Zhou ◽  
Yuying Li
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Meaning Equivalence ◽  
Cultural Turn

With the cultural turn in translation studies in 1970s, the focus of translation studies was gradually changed from traditional linguistics to culture. André Lefevere put forward to Manipulation Theory that has further broadened the field of translation studies. It holds that translation is not to realize the meaning equivalence between source text and target text, but to realize the compromise between the source cultural system and the target cultural system, in which the translation will be manipulated by some factors. Because Children’s Literature is classified specially, it may be influenced by different cultural system. Therefore, this paper chooses Chinese translation of Charlotte’s Web as a case study from the perspective of Manipulation Theory, which draws a conclusion that ideology, poetics and patronage have impacts on translation strategies of children’s literature, in order to facilitate new theoretical researches and improve Chinese translations of Children’s Literature.

Management of Optic Neuritis in Ayurveda - A Special Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsha S. ◽  
Dr. Mamatha KV.
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Special Case

The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic neuritis is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed. Optic neuritis can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation usually causes temporary vision loss that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic neuritis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. There are no direct references in our classics regarding optic neuritis but can be contemplated as a condition by name Parimlayi Timira. The specific management as such is not cited but a transcendence approach can be done with adopting the treatment which has the ability to pacify the already occurred pathology and prevent the further development of the disease. One such interesting case study on Optic neuritis is elaborated here where in specific treatment modalities (Shodana, Shamana and Kriyakalpas) played role in pacifying the condition.

Poetics and subjectivities between classicism and Romanticism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
Development Of Identity ◽  
Further Development

In the context of Sentimentalism in the 1770s, literary culture opened up to representations of human subjectivity. The chapter considers genres of poetry devoted to the themes of pleasure, death, and posterity. It also considers the spaces of poetry and modes of exchange, whether through the album, the salon, and the verse epistle. Two case studies explore the use of different literary forms in the further development of identity, individual and also authorial. The first looks at Radishchev’s experiment in writing a fictional diary as a psychological exercise. The second examines the tradition of imitation of Horace’s Monument poem in Russian poetry in the eighteenth century as well as by later poets, such as Pushkin and Brodsky. The case study shows how these Russian versions express changing ideas about imitation and originality as well as poets’ concern with posterity.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Hospitality Industry in Greece and Its Treasured Santorini Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7906
Author(s):  
Nikola Medová ◽  
Lucie Macková ◽  
Jaromir Harmacek
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

This paper focuses on the dynamic of the recent upheaval in the tourism and hospitality sector due to the COVID-19 epidemic in Greece and Santorini island. It uses the case study of a country one-fourth of whose GDP consists of tourism. We compare the available statistical data showing the change in variables in the previous years with 2020 and look into the new challenges and opportunities posed by the drop in the numbers of visitors and flights. We focus mainly on the economic and social impact on the destination and possible future scenarios for further development in the area. Data show a significant effect of the pandemic on multiple variables, such as the long-term trend of the importance of tourism sector in GDP in Greece, the number of flights and visitors to Greece and Santorini island, and the contribution of tourism and travel to GDP. Based on the available data, we also construct three foresight scenarios that describe the possible futures for Santorini island in terms of the pandemic evolution. These scenarios may help various stakeholders and policymakers to be better prepared for different developments that may appear.

Translation teams as cognitive systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
Richard Pleijel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Cognitive Artifacts ◽  
Archival Material

Abstract This paper aims to bring research on different forms of group-level cognition into conversation with Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS), the focal point of the paper being cognitive processes in translation teams. It is argued that an analysis of cognition in translation teams, which exhibit the properties of a cognitive system, needs to be placed on group-level. A case study of a team, translating the Hebrew Bible Book of Psalms into Swedish in the 1980’s, is presented. The empirical base for the case study consists of archival material in the form of draft translations and paratexts. The methodological question is thus raised whether, and if so in what way, cognitive processes may be analyzed retrospectively, and not only from a real time perspective. By treating the archival material as cognitive artifacts which have constituted an integral part of the team’s cognitive process, the question is tentatively answered in a favourable way. This, it is finally argued, opens up interesting possibilities for joining CTS with translator archives research, Genetic Translation Studies (GTS), and cognitive archeology.

Translating the gay identity in audiovisual media

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-225
Author(s):  
Antonio Jesús Martínez Pleguezuelos
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
Cultural Turn

Abstract In this study we analyse different linguistic elements in the TV series Will & Grace that shape the gay identity of the main characters of the show. We will base the analysis on the inclusion of the cultural turn into the field of audiovisual translation studies and on the technical time and space constraints that may emerge when conveying the message in this type of texts. Therefore, we will focus on the treatment of cultural references associated to the LGBTQI community that are shown on the series, as well as the linguistic variant of gayspeak and the comic elements included in the dialogues in order to observe whether the information that viewers of the Spanish dubbed version receive regarding gay identity is the same that is portrayed in the original version in English.

Exploring the Limitations of Responsive Design Through a Case Study Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida ◽  
José Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
Access Device ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Responsive Design ◽  
Responsive Web Design ◽  
Further Development

Having an online presence is essential for any company regardless of its size and type of business. Users are currently striving to interact with companies through the web, regardless of their access device. In this sense, responsive web design emerged as a very useful technique that allows the dynamic adaptation of the design regardless of the size and resolution of the access device. Despite the unequivocal advantages associated with this technique, there are also limitations which turn this approach not feasible or advisable for all projects. This study, through the realization of five case studies, seeks to identify the main limitations of responsive design and responsive design frameworks. Additionally, this study suggests further development models that may be more effective in the dynamic adaptation of the design and contents according to the features of the access device, such as the adoption of adaptive design, use of native apps, and hybrid models.

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