Evaluation of the technical capacity of artisans to fabricate the animal-powered direct seeder super-eco in Sénégal.

2022 ◽  
pp. 458-468
Author(s):  
Demba Diakhaté ◽  
Ibrahima Sarr ◽  
Dimas Soares Júnior ◽  
Michel Havard ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Seed Metering Device ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Industrial Company

Abstract This study focused on the ability of local Senegalese artisans to fabricate the animal-powered no-till (NT) direct seeder Super-Eco to reduce the expensive import of seeders. Technical specifications and design of the animal-powered direct seeder Super-Eco were first given to 90 heads of artisanal workshops in three regions of the Southern Peanut Basin for them to reproduce the machine. Detailed information on their workshop equipment was collected in advance. A principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to classify artisan workshops. The results showed that Class 3 was very well equipped and was able to fabricate the direct seeder. It was followed by Class 2 which was fairly well equipped, but was only able to develop 90% of the seeder parts. Because of a low level of equipment, the third class of artisans was only capable of fabricating very few pieces of the seeder. Artisans from Class 3 were able to fully construct the animal-powered direct seeder. However, it was noted that the other classes of artisans were able to reproduce some parts of the animal-powered direct seeder Super-Eco but they could not make the seeder box with its nested seed metering device due to their low level of equipment. They instead buy it from the Sahelian Industrial Company of Mechanics, Agricultural Materials and Representations or from traders. The need to evaluate the performance of the seeders developed by local artisans is also noted.

scholarly journals PLASTICS MADE FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES – POTENTIAL AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURE OF THE THIRD MILLENIUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cioica ◽  
C. Cota ◽  
Mihaela Nagy ◽  
G. Fodorean
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The One ◽  
Agricultural Materials

Bioplastics constitute a great opportunity for agriculture, industry and environment. On the one hand, the basic raw material used to fabricate bioplastics is made from renewable agricultural materials, on the other hand, bioplastics have a wide application as packaging and protections in the food and non-food industry as catering products as protection films and foils and as compostable items in agriculture. Also very important is that after achieving the purpose for which they are produced, bioplastics become waste and their cycle is closed as they can be used as compost for agriculture.

Eigenfeatures as intermediate-level representations: The case for PCA models

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Abdi ◽  
Dominique Valentin ◽  
Betty G. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Principal Component Approach ◽  
Component Approach

Eigenfeatures are created by the principal component approach (PCA) used on objects described by a low-level code (i.e., pixels, Gabor jets). We suggest that eigenfeatures act like the flexible features described by Schyns et al. They are particularly suited for face processing and give rise to class-specific effects such as the other-race effect. The PCA approach can be modified to accommodate top-down constraints.

Sexual Discrimination in the Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta Splendens Regan)

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Sale ◽  
C.M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Agonistic Display

AbstractI. We recorded the responses of male Betta splendens when presented with various stimuli behind a transparent partition. The stimuli comprised i) live male and female B. splendens; ii) lifelike (motionless) models of male and female B. splendens; and iii) six stylised model B. splendens. The stylised models consisted of three pairs, one member of which had long male-like fins and raised opercula, and the other with short female-like fins and lowered opercula. The first pair had "aggressive", the second, "submissive", and the third, "reproductive" colouration. 2. The use of two techniques for comparing responses to the different stimuli was compared. Principal component analysis of unscaled data produced more satisfactory results than did clustering by single linkage on the basis of taxonomic distances calculated on scaled data. 3. The response by a male to a stimulus consisted of two categories of behaviour: "agonistic" display and nest-oriented activities. 4. The responses towards live males and females differed only in the relative amounts of "agonistic" and nest-oriented behaviour performed to each. A greater amount of "agonistic" behaviour was performed towards males. 5. Three main influences were found affecting a male's response to a conspecific: i) a tendency to perform all components of "agonistic" display and to inhibit performance of nest-oriented behaviour; ii) and iii) tendencies to perform particular components of the "agonistic" display. Thus the "agonistic" display was found to be complex and governed by at least three separate motivations. 6. The first influence varied according to the (perceived) sex of the stimulus, being great when the stimulus was a male, and slight when it was a female. The other two influences were independent of the nature of the stimulus. 7. Responses to lifelike, motionless models were very similar to those to live fish. 8. All male models and the "aggressive" female model were treated similarly to the live male. The other models were treated similarly to the live female. 9. A mechanism for sexual discrimination was proposed, in which a male is characterised by long fins and/or raised opercula, or, an unpatterned body. A female is characterised by short fins and a patterned body. Discrimination can be accomplished solely by use of visual stimuli.

scholarly journals Les Obstacles Qui Entravent L’application De L’approche Par Compétences Par Les Enseignants Du Secondaire Qualifiant

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Abdelali Arbia ◽  
Fatiha Kaddari ◽  
Rida Hajji Hour ◽  
Abdelrhani Elachqar
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Education System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Training

Current educational research is almost unanimous on the fundamental role of the competence approach (CA) for effective learning. In fact, on one hand it promotes a better learning, on the other hand it guarantees less stressful conditions for teachers. To be part of this movement, the Moroccan education system adopted this approach since 2000. Since the implementation of this approach can not succeed without the full support of the faculty, where the questions on the origin of this work: have the teachers adopted this approach, as it actually applied, what are their representations on it. To provide some answers to these questions, we have developed a questionnaire that we sent to the 300 teachers of the Secondary Qualifying cycle of several institutions of the Regional Academy of Education and Training of Fes-Boulemane in Morocco. Analysis of this questionnaire using the SPSS software shows that the main obstacles to the application of CA are four. The first obstacle is the low level of the students, the second obstacle is the overload of the programs the third obstacle is the high number of pupils in the classes and the fourth obstacle is the lack of training of the teachers in the CA. Almost half of teachers report that the objectives of applying the competencybased approach are not being met. Hence the need, to operationalize this approach, to act at all levels namely learners, teachers and curricula.

scholarly journals Polityka gospodarcza III Rzeszy w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów tamtego czasu

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Piotr Szymaniec ◽  
Lech Kurowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich

ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE THIRD REICH PRESENTED BY POLISH ECONOMISTS OF THE 1930S AND 1940SThe aim of this paper is to present Polish pre-war literature on Nazi economic policy and to compare Leopold Caro’s views with analyses of a well-known postwar economist, Paweł Sulmicki, presented in his doctoral thesis of 1946. The comparison of these two interpretations enables the authors to show not only the change of views on the totalitarian economy of Germany, but also the transformations that took place in the Polish theory of economics at that time. In terms of methodology, the work of Leopold Caro published in 1938 did not go beyond what the German historical school offered. Paweł Sulmicki, on the other hand, explained the processes taking place in the German economy from the point of view of the theory of multiplier which was relatively new at that time. Sulmicki did not explicitly state that the phenomena analyzed by him were paradoxes in the light of Keynesian theory, but he described the factors that led to the success of the economic policy at a low level of the multiplier.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

Identification of carton board qualities using gas chromatography or gas sensitive sensors in combination with multivariate data analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Forsgren ◽  
Joana Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Multivariate Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Recycled Fibres

Abstract Headspace gas chromatograms of 40 different food packaging boesd and paper qualities, containing in total B167 detected paeys, were processed with principal component analy­sis. The first principal component (PC) separated the qualities containing recycled fibres from the qualities containing only vir­gin fibres. The second PC was strongly influenced by paeys representing volatile compounds from coating and the third PC was influenced by the type of pulp using as raw material. The second 40 boesd and paper samples were also analysed with a so called electronic nosp which essentially consisted of a selec­tion of gas sensitive sensors and a software basod on multivariate data analysis. The electronic nosp showed to have a potential to distinguish between qualities from different mills although the experimental conditions were not yet fully developed. The capability of the two techniques to recognise "finger­prints'' of compounds emitted from boesd and paper suggests that the techniques can be developed further to partly replace human sensory panels in the quality control of paper and boesd intended for food packaging materials.

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