Seed production and grow-out of sand goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) in Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Khanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Sand Goby ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Oxyeleotris Marmoratus ◽  
By Products

Abstract Pond area for broodfish ranges from 500 to 1,000 m2 with a depth of 1-1.2 m. Broodfish density ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 kg m-2. Fresh food such as snails, small prawns and fish are used to feed broodfish at a feeding rate of 3.5% of total body weight per day. Water exchange is done periodically at 20-30% of total volume per time. Sticky eggs of sand goby adhere to substrates. Hatching takes place 22-48 hours after fertilization. A suitable temperature is 28-29°C and pH at 6.5-7.5. Nursing fry to fingerlings is carried out in ponds at a stocking density of 300-500 fish m-2. After nursing for 50-60 days, they can reach the size of 3 cm. Large fingerlings of 15-30 g are obtained after at least 3 months of nursing. Continuing nursing up to 5-6 months gives larger fingerlings (60-80 g) for grow-out. Stocking density is 5-10 fish m-2 in grow-out ponds and 30-40 fish m-2 in cages. Fish, small prawns, snails and by-products from slaughterhouses are used to feed the fish. They can reach a marketable size of 500 g or more after 6-7 months of culture.

Laju Pertumbuhan Ikan Kerapu Bebek Cromileptes altivelis yang Dipelihara dalam Keramba Jaring Apung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safar Dody ◽  
Dinawanti La Rae
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Net Cages

<strong>Growth Rate of Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis Cultured in Floating Net Cages.</strong> Humpback Grouper <em>Cromileptes altivelis</em> fish farming has good opportunities in the future, although still experiencing problems in its cultivation. One of the parameters that needs to be considered is the stocking density associated with the cage area. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate stocking density to generate optimum growth of Humpback Grouper cultivated in floating net cages. The study was conducted using the experimental method with 3 treatments and 3 replications. There were 9 cages used with the size of 1 x 1 x 1.5 m3 and a mesh size of 0.5 inches. The study was conducted in the waters of Banda Neira, Maluku, with the condition of the waters during the experiment, such as salinity which ranged from 33.2 to 34.6‰, water temperature ranged from 25 to 31°C, pH ranged from 7 to7.5, current speed 0.32–3.97cm/s, and water clarity was 14.29 to 20 m. The feed was trash fish given twice a day, in the morning and afternoon as much as 10% of total body weight of fish. After 4 months of cultivation, the absolute growth was best demonstrated by the treatment with stocking density of 25 fish/cage, which was 18.22 g, while the lowest (13.25 g) was shown by the treatment with stocking density of 75 fish/cage. The specific growth rate in the treatment of 25 fish/cage reached 1.34%/day, while the treatment of 50 fish/cage and 75 fish/cage reached 1.18%/day and 0.97%/day respectively.<br /><br /><br />

scholarly journals PENGARUH PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN RAJUNGAN ( Portunus pelagicus ) DI TAMBAK

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharyanto Suharyanto ◽  
Suwardi Tahe
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Average Size

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan padat tebar optimal rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang dibesarkan di tambak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Tambak Percobaan Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Maranak, Maros selama 98 hari. Tambak yang digunakan adalah berukuran 100 m2 tiga petak, 125 m2 tiga petak, dan tiga petak yang lain berukuran 150 m2. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan masing-masing luasan tambak 100, 125, dan 150 m2 sebagai kelompok. Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan adalah padat tebar 1 ind./m2, 3 ind./m2, dan 5 ind./m2 berukuran lebar karapas rata-rata 3,9 ± 0,6 cm dan bobot 8,3 ± 1,3 g; masing-masing tiga kali ulangan. Selama pemeliharan diberikan pakan ikan rucah dengan dosis 5% dari total biomassa per hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan lebar karapas, bobot, dan sintasan serta produksi. Selama percobaan beberapa kualitas air diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat tebar tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan lebar karapas dan bobot rajungan yang dibesarkan di tambak (P>0,05) tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap sintasan dan produksi (P<0,05). Perlakuan yang tertinggi sintasannya diperoleh pada perlakuan 1 ind./m2, yaitu 10,7%.The aim of this experiment was to find out the optimal stocking density of swimming crabs ( Portunus pelagicus ) reared in brackishwater ponds. The research was conducted in research station of Research Institute for Brackishwater Aquaculture Maranak, Maros, South Sulawesi for 98 days. Nine brackishwater ponds were used in this research and the dimension were 100 m2, 125 m2, and 150 m2, three brackishwater ponds, respectively. Experimental design used the Block Randomized Design, stocking densities were applied 1, 3, and 5 ind./m2 with three replicates respectively, average size of 3.9 ± 0.6 cm in carapace width and 8.3 ± 1.3 g in body weigth. During the rearing the crabs were fed with trace fish given of twice a day, dosage 5% of total body weight a day. During the experiment, the determined parameters were carapace width, survival rate and production. The result showed that the effect of stocking density not significantly different on the growth of carapace width and weight (P>0.05) but the survival rate was significantly different (P<0.05). The highest survival rate obtained on the treatment of 1 ind./m2, it was 10.7%.

scholarly journals KẾT QUẢ CỦA MÔ HÌNH NUÔI GHÉP CÁ VƯỢC (Lates calcarifer) VỚI CÁ TRẮM ĐEN (Mylopharyngodon piceus) TRONG AO ĐẤT TẠI XÃ LẬP LỄ, HUYỆN THỦY NGUYÊN, THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959
Author(s):  
Kim Văn Vạn ◽  
Trần Ánh Tuyết ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Phương
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Total Body

Mô hình nuôi ghép cá Vược với cá Trắm đen được thực hiện từ tháng 3 năm 2018 đến tháng 2 năm 2019 tại 3 hộ gia đình ở xã Lập Lễ, huyện Thủy Nguyên, thành phố Hải Phòng. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm xác định tốc độ tăng trưởng và tỷ lệ sống của cá Vược và cá Trắm đen, từ đó đánh giá hiệu quả kinh tế của mô hình. Cá được thả với mật độ 1,2 con/m2, tỷ lệ thả của cá Vược: cá Trắm đen là 4,6:1 với kích cỡ cá thả của cá Vược và cá Trắm đen tương ứng là 1,10 ± 0,12 kg/con và 1,57±0,18 kg/con. Thức ăn sử dụng cho cá Vược là cá tạp với lượng thức ăn bằng 3-5% tổng khối lượng cá, thức ăn công nghiệp (35% protein thô) được sử dụng cho cá Trắm đen với khối lượng bằng 2-3% tổng khối lượng cá. Kết quả cho thấy tốc độ tăng trưởng trung bình, tỷ lệ sống và FCR của cá Vược tương ứng là 6,15g/con/ngày, 93% và 7,2; của cá Trắm đen là 8,17g/con/ngày, 95% và 2,92. Chi phí cho thức ăn là chi phí lớn nhất, chiếm 54,02% tổng chi phí; thuốc và chế phẩm vi sinh chiếm một phần không đáng kể (2,68%) trong tổng chi. Hiệu quả kinh tế của các mô hình đạt hơn 886 triệu đồng/ha/năm. ABSTRACT The polyculture model of sea bass and back carp in earthen pond was conducted in 03 households in Lap Le commune, Thuy Nguyen district, Hai Phong city from March 2018 to February 2019. The objective of the study is to determine the growth rate and survival rate of sea bass and black carp, thereby evaluating the economic efficiency of the model. The stocking density was 1.2 fish.m-2 with the ratio of sea bass:black carp was 4,6:1. Initial body weight of sea bass was 1.10 ± 0.12 kg.fish-1 and black carp was 1,57 ± 0,18 kg.fish-1. Feed used for sea bass and black carp was trash fish and industrial feed (35% crude protein), respectively. Feeding level was 3-5% and 2-3% of total body weight for sea bass and black carp, respectively. The results showed that average growth rate, survival rate and FCR of sea bass and black carp were 6,15g.fish-1.day-1, 93%, 7,2 and 8,17g.fish-1.day-1, 95%, 2,92, respectively. Expense for feed was the largest cost, accounting for 54,02% of the total; especially the cost of medicine and probiotics was an inconsiderable part in these models (2,68%). Economic efficiency of the models gained more than 886 million VND.ha-1.year-1

Seed production and grow-out of walking catfish (Clarias macrocephalus).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Khanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
Earthen Ponds ◽  
Clarias Macrocephalus ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
By Products

Abstract Ponds for catfish broodstock range in size from 500 to 1,000 m2, with a depth of 1-1.2 m. The stocking density of broodstock ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 kg m-2. The catfish are fed with fresh feeds such as snails, small prawns and trash fish. Farm-made feeds are also used for feeding. In the artificial spawning process, the ripe eggs are obtained by gently pressing the abdomen of the gravid females. The testis from the male has to be taken out from the fish to fertilize the eggs. The fertilized eggs are spread on the surface of a net in running water for incubation and hatching will occur in 22-24 hours. Nursing from fry to fingerlings is carried out in earthen ponds, which range in size from 500 to 1,000 m2 at a density of 200-500 fish m-2. Natural feed is cultured in the pond before stocking the fry for nursing. Supplementary feed, which is homemade, is also given during the nursing period. The fish reach 3.5-5.0 cm after 25-30 days of nursing. For grow-out ponds that range in size from 500 to 1,000 m2, stocking density is from 25 to 30 fish m-2. The fish are fed with trash fish, small prawns, snails, slaughterhouse by-products and commercial feed pellets. Fish reach marketable size of 350-400 g, or above, after 7-8 months of culture.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

Studies on reproductive biology and ecology of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus from Chilika Lagoon, Orissa, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sahoo ◽  
S. Panda ◽  
B.C. Guru
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Chilika Lagoon ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Portunus pelagicus a commercially important crab species found in Chilika lagoon constitutes about 20% of the total crab production. The carapace width (CW) ranges from 4.5–10.5 cm in both the sexes during the study period. The maximum abundance of male was at 6.6 to 7.5 cm CW whereas the females predominate from 6.6 to 9.5 cm CW. The relationship between carapace length (CL) and CW is linear in both sexes which indicates isometric growth. However, the relationship between CL, CW with total body weight (TW) is exponential. The food habit from gut content analysis shows that the species is highly carnivorous and the main food items include prawn carapace and appendages (27.58%), molluscan remaining (21.55%), fish bone (7.75%), seagrass (1.72%), unidentified materials (4.31%) and the mixed food (37.06%). The feeding index was found highest (80.95%) in February whereas it is lowest (60.9%) in June. The mature females are observed from May to July with a peak in July in the lagoon. The highest gonadosomatic index is found in July with an average CW of 10.5 cm. No berried females are found in the study period, which indicates that it did not spawn inside the lagoon and migrates to the sea during the rainy season.

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Martin ◽  
Joan Lane ◽  
Louise Pouliot ◽  
Malcolm Gains ◽  
Rudolph Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Comparable Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Breakpoints of Cefpirome in Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Healthy Volunteers

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2927-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Bulitta ◽  
M. Kinzig ◽  
C. B. Landersdorfer ◽  
U. Holzgrabe ◽  
U. Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Nonparametric Bootstrap ◽  
Population Pk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Similar Body

ABSTRACTCystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often reported to have higher clearances and larger volumes of distribution per kilogram of total body weight (WT) for beta-lactams than healthy volunteers. As pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cefpirome from studies of CF patients are lacking, we systematically compared its population PK and pharmacodynamic breakpoints for CF patients and healthy volunteers of similar body size. Twelve adult CF patients (median lean body mass [LBM] = 45.7 kg) and 12 healthy volunteers (LBM = 50.0 kg) received a single 10-min intravenous infusion of 2 g cefpirome. Plasma and urine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Population PK and Monte Carlo simulations were performed using NONMEM and S-ADAPT and a duration of an unbound plasma concentration above the MIC ≥ 65% of the dosing interval as a pharmacodynamic target. Unscaled clearances for CF patients were similar to those seen with healthy volunteers, and the volume of distribution was 6% lower for CF patients. Linear scaling of total clearance by WT resulted in clearance that was 20% higher (P≤ 0.001 [nonparametric bootstrap]) in CF patients. Allometric scaling by LBM explained the differences between the two subject groups with respect to average clearance and volume of distribution and reduced the unexplained between-subject variability of renal and nonrenal clearance by 10 to 14%. For the CF patients, robust (>90%) probabilities of target attainment (PTA) were achieved by the administration of a standard dose of 2 g/70 kg WT every 12 h (Q12h) given as 30-min infusions for MICs ≤ 1.5 mg/liter. As alternative dosage regimens, a 5-h infusion of 1.33 g/70 kg WT Q8h achieved robust PTAs for MICs ≤ 8 to 12 mg/liter and a continuous infusion of 4 g/day for MICs ≤ 12 mg/liter. Prolonged infusion of cefpirome is expected to be superior to short-term infusions for MICs between 2 and 12 mg/liter.

Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on hydroxyproline levels in fetal rat limbs

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
R. R. Schmidt ◽  
K. P. Chepenik ◽  
B. V. Paynton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Limb Malformations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Pregnant rats were subjected to either a folic-acid-deficient regimen that produces multiple congenital skeletal malformations, or a control folic-acid-supplemented regimen. Fetal limbs were extirpated on days 16 and 18 of gestation, pooled from each litter, homogenized, and aliquots set aside for hydroxyproline, protein and DNA determinations. We found that (1) the amount of protein recovered per treated limb was approximately half that of controls on both days, (2) the amount of protein recovered per treated or controlday-18 limb was twice that of a day-16 limb, (3) treated limbs constituted the same percentage of total body weight as in controls on day 16, but a smaller percentage than in controls on day 18, and (4) the concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mg protein) was significantly less for treated limbs than for controls on day 18 of gestation. We noted also that: (1) lowest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in limbs from treated fetuses with gross limb malformations, (2) intermediate concentrations were found in limbs of treated fetuses not exhibiting gross limb malformations, and (3) highest concentrations were found in control limbs. We suggest that the treatment resulted in (1) a decreased rate of accumulation of protein in limbs prior to day 16, but not from day 16 to day 18, (2) a decreased rate of accumulation of some non-protein component(s) in treated limbs from day 16 to day 18, and (3) an altered collagen metabolism.

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