scholarly journals The relationship between rumen bacterial growth, intake of dry matter, digestible organic matter and volatile fatty acid production in buffalo (Bos bubalis) calves

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. B. Singh ◽  
D. N. Verma ◽  
A. Varma ◽  
S. K. Ranjhan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

1. The production rates of bacteria in the rumen of buffalo (Bos bubalis) calves were estimated using an isotope-dilution technique. A series of fifteen experiments was done with animals given green maize and nine experiments with animals given cowpea (Vigna unguiculata).2. The turnover time ranged from 205 to 567 min in the group given green maize and from 330 to 648 min in animals offered cowpea. The production rates of bacteria were (mean±SE; g/d) 145.77±7.240 and 237.09±11.847 in animals given green maize and cowpea respectively.3. There was a significant correlation between bacterial production rates and dry matter intake, digestible organic matter and total volatile fatty acids formed in the rumen.4. Regression equations obtained for the two foodstuffs were different suggesting that the bacterial growth rate may vary depending upon the quantity and quality of foodstuff digested and possibly the ratio nitrogen: energy of the foodstuff.

Corrigenda

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-407
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between rumen bacterial growth intake of dry matter, digestible organic matter and volatile fatty acid production in buffalo (Bos bubalis) calves By Singh U. B. Verma D. N. Verma A. and Ranjhan S. K. Vol. 38 (1977), no. 3 Page 337A model for the estimation of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen in non-steady-state conditions By Morant S. V. Ridley J. L. and Sutton J. D. Vol. 39 (1978), no. 3 Page 452

The utilization and excretion of sulphur in cattle fed on tropical roughages

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Townsville Stylo

The effect of additions of sulphateh to the diet of cattle given tropical spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) was studied in three experiments. In one experiment there was a small increase in the digestibility of dry matter, but the intake of feed was not affected. The concentration of volatile fatty acids in ruminal liquor from cattle offered spear grass was increased by supplemental sulphate; there was a concurrent small decrease in the proportions of propionic and isovaleric acids. Excretion of faecal sulphur varied with the intakes of total sulphur, organic matter, and digestible organic matter, while urinary sulphur excretion varied with the sulphur and organic matter intakes. Excretion of organic sulphur and total sulphate in urine and faeces increased with sulphur intake. The ratio of nitrogen to sulphur in faeces declined when sulphate was given. The retention of nitrogen was correlated with sulphur retention. It was concluded that the intake and digestion of the hays were not limited by the intake of sulphur.

The effect of diet composition and level of feeding on digestion in the stomach and intestines of sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. SUTTON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Digestion ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Quantitative Importance

1. Four wether sheep, each fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas and a rumen cannula, were used to determine the relative quantitative importance of digestion in the stomach compared with that in the intestines when diets of low (HM1) and high starch (CM1) content were fed at 0.9 times maintenance and when the high-starch diet was fed at 1.7 (CM2) and 2.3 (CM3) times maintenance. Paper, impregnated with chromic oxide, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were administered.2. An apparatus is described which allowed one operator to collect, record, sample and return the duodenal digesta from two sheep simultaneously.3. Total digestion was determined by faeces collections over 7–10 day periods, and digestion in the stomach by measuring the total flow of digesta from the abomasum to the duodenum over two 24 h periods with two or three sheep on each ration. Flow values were adjusted to give 100% recovery of chromic oxide.4. The recoveries of chromic oxide and PEG were similar and it was concluded that either marker was satisfactory for adjusting 24 h flow values. Disadvantages of using PEG are discussed.5. There was relatively little difference between rations HM1 and CM1 in the proportion of digestible organic matter and energy digested in the stomach. Only 57.1% of the total dry-matter digestion occurred in the stomach for ration HM1 compared with 65.0% for ration CM1 reflecting a smaller net gain in ash for ration CM1. Doubling the level of intake (ration CM2) resulted in a decrease in the proportion of digestible dry matter, organic matter and energy digested in the stomach. When the level was increased still further with ration CM3, the proportion continued to decrease with one sheep but increased with the other.6. All but 5–11% of the digestible starch (measured as α-linked glucose polymer) was fermented in the stomach, the lowest proportion being with ration HM1.7. The amount of nitrogen reaching the duodenum was approximately equal to the amount ingested with rations HM1 and CM1 but considerably greater with the other two rations. All rations contained approximately 2% nitrogen.8. Calculation of the estimated loss of energy as methane and heat of fermentation suggested that 50–54% of the digestible energy was absorbed as volatile fatty acids.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, digestibility and rumen metabolites in bulls fed rice straw with or without supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Nutrient intake, digestibility and rumen metabolites were determined in rumen - cannulated bulls fed rice straw or straw supplemented with urea, groundnut hay or cotton seed cake. Total dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 7.55 10 8.29kg/d or 3.66 to 4.04% of liveweight and from 6.48 to 7.21kg/d for organic matter. Total DMI was increased by supplementation with urea and groundnut hay by about 7.6%. However, supplementation with groundnut hay and cotton seed cake reduced straw intake. Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) was highest on straw supplemented with groundnut hay. There were no dietary differences in the digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), cellulose (CD) and hemicellulose (HCD). Digestibility of crude protein (CPD) was higher on the supplemented diets than on basal rice straw. The rumen pa ranged from 6.42 - 8.28; ammonia-N (RAN), 6.74 - 27.70mg/100ml; volatile fatty acids (VFA), 8.79 - 12.40mmol/100ml and bacterial count, 5.73-16.10 (x 10s)/ml and those values were affected by diets (D), period of sampling (P) and their interactions (D x P).

scholarly journals Population improvement and synthetic cultivar production in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Field Transplant

AbstractExperimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes and open-pollinated cultivars from population improvement programmes. The key findings were that natural vernalization of kale in south east Scotland occurred by mid-December so that plants could be pollinated in a glasshouse with heating and lighting by the end of February and seed harvested by the end of May. The resulting full-sib or selfed families could be assessed in a field transplant trial in the same year, from June to November, thus completing an annual cycle. Self-pollination resulted in shorter plants with lower fresh-weight, dry-matter and digestible organic-matter yields, and undesirably higher contents of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, the haemolytic anaemia factor, and the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion. As a consequence of digestible organic-matter yield being reduced by as much as 22%, the estimated optimum number of selfed parents in a synthetic cultivar was four to eight. Synthetic cultivars are expected to yield as well as triple-cross hybrids as there was no reduction in yield when the latter were open-pollinated.

Wartime changes in the winter diet of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Products

The general characteristics of a group of thirtynine herds of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England, and the method of obtaining information about their diet during the winters 1938–9 to 1942–3 inclusive, are briefly described.The first three winters of the war show a continuous decline in starch equivalent and protein equivalent per cow, followed by a recovery during winter 1942–3.Comparing winter 1942–3 with winter 1938–9: Consumption per cow of concentrates declined by one-third, reductions in proprietary compounds and mixtures and in maize and wheat products being outstanding.The more important increases were in oats, straw and succulent foods, notably mangolds, sugar-beet tops and kale.Hay retained its important place with little overall change; a modest increase in silage was restricted to a few herds.The crude weight of the average daily ration increased from 44 to 61 lb., but its dry matter only from 21·0 to 22·6 lb.The residue: total dry matter less digestible organic matter—increased from 7·2 to 8·4 lb. per cow daily. Reference is made to changes in palatability.

Nutritional studies with sheep fed conserved ryegrass. 2. Silage supplemented with dried grass or barley

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Wernli ◽  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Studies

SummaryGrass silage (21.0 % D.M.) was given ad libitum to sheep together with supplements of rolled barley, dried-grass pellets or dried-grass wafers at 12 and 25 g organic matter (OM)/kg0·75.Intake of silage was greater with supplement at 12 g/kg0·75 but total intake of OM and digestible organic matter (DOM) increased with increasing supplement. Intake of OM was higher with the pellet supplement than with other supplements. Intake of DOM, however, did not differ between the pellet and barley treatments, but was lower with wafers.Concentrations of ammonia and total volatile fatty acids and the molar proportions of butyric and higher volatile fatty acids were higher when silage was supplemented with barley than with dried grass. Mean rumen retention times of silage and of supplement were highest in the barley-supplemented treatments. Dried-grass wafers were retained longer than dried-grass pellets. Supplement treatments did not differ significantly for eating and ruminating times, rumen fluid volume and pH, digestion rate in the rumen and nitrogen retention.At the low supplement rate silage consumption may have been controlled by factors associated directly with the silage, whereas at the high rate intake was limited either by physical factors or by the potential energy demand of the animals.

Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTData on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables.Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M0·75). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH3-N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.

Prediction of silage dry matter digestibility from digestible organic matter digestibility

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 93-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
D J Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Uk

Grass silage forms the basal forage for the majority of dairy and beef cattle during the winter indoor feeding period. However its feeding value, as determined by intake potential and digestibility can differ dramatically at farm level as indicated by the Hillsborough Feeding Information System (HFIS). For example, for 7000 silages which were offered to dairy and beef cattle during the 1999/2000 indoor feeding period in Ireland and analysed through the HFIS, dry matter digestibility (DMD) varied from 540 to 830 g/kg DM (Keady, 2000). Many models used to predict feed intake by dairy cattle include a digestibility component (Keady and Mayne, 2000). However some models use DMD whereas others use digestible organic matter digestibility (DOMD). Furthermore commercial laboratories in Ireland measure silage digestibility as DMD while in the UK it is measured as DOMD. To facilitate the use of different models to predict food intake by dairy cattle, often it is necessary to be able to predict DMD from DOMD or vice versa. The present study was undertaken to develop a relationship between DMD and DOMD to facilitate the use of different models for the prediction of food intake when digestibility is available only either as DMD or as DOMD.

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