scholarly journals The conceptual framework for estimating food energy requirement

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 940-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ferro-Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractObjectiveIn anticipation of the revision of the 1985 Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/ WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation Report on ‘Energy and Protein Requirements’, recent scientific knowledge on the principles underlying the estimation of energy requirement is reviewed.DesignThis paper carries out a historical review of the scientific rationale adopted by previous FAO/WHO technical reports on energy requirement, discusses the concepts used in assessing basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy expenditure, physical activity level (PAL), and examines current controversial areas. Recommendations and areas of future research are presented.ConclusionsThe database of the BMR predictive equations developed by the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Report on Energy and Protein Requirements needs updating and expansion, applying strict and transparent selection criteria. The existence of an ethnic/tropical factor capable of affecting BMR is not supported by the available evidence. The factorial approach for the calculation of energy requirement, as set out in the 1985 report, should be retained. The estimate should have a normative rather than a prescriptive nature, except for the allowance provided for extra physical activity for sedentary populations, and for the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. The estimate of energy requirement of children below the age of 10 years should be made on the basis of energy expenditure rather than energy intake. The evidence of the existence of an ethnic/tropical factor is conflicting and no plausible mechanism has as yet been put forward.

Questionnaire-Based Prevalence of Physical Activity Level on Adults According to Different International Guidelines: Impact on Surveillance and Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021
Author(s):  
Edgard Melo Keene von Koenig Soares ◽  
Guilherme E. Molina ◽  
Daniel Saint Martin ◽  
João Luís A. E. Sadat P. Leitão ◽  
Keila E. Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Background: The World Health Organization recommends 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) throughout the week. However, the weekly frequency of PA and how to combine moderate and vigorous PA to define who reaches the recommended PA are controversial. PA level might be highly different based on the recommendation and/or the criteria employed. Methods: Demographic data and PA level evaluated by International Physical Activity Questionnaire from 3 random and representative samples from 1 state, 1 city, and 1 local organization in Brazil were analyzed (n = 2961). Nine criteria from different recommendations were used to define PA level. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals of sufficient PA were calculated for each criterion and compared with the referent (World Health Organization guideline). Total agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were also calculated with 95% confidence interval. Results: When a weekly frequency of PA was required, the prevalence of sufficient PA decreased by 11% (P < .05). For all criteria, doubling the vigorous PA minutes was similar to simply adding them to moderate PA. These findings are consistent regardless of sex, age, and educational level. Conclusion: Prevalence estimates and agreement between different PA recommendations were significantly affected when a minimum frequency was required but did not change when vigorous PA minutes were doubled.

scholarly journals The First Global Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines for People Living With Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Carty ◽  
Hidde P. van der Ploeg ◽  
Stuart J.H. Biddle ◽  
Fiona Bull ◽  
Juana Willumsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Inclusive Policy ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization has released the first global public health guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior for people living with disability. This paper presents the guidelines, related processes, and evidence, and elaborates upon how the guidelines can support inclusive policy, practice, and research. Methods: Methods were consistent with the World Health Organization protocols for developing guidelines. Systematic reviews of the evidence on physical activity for health for people living with disability were appraised, along with a consideration of the evidence used to inform the general 2020 World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Evidence supported the development of recommendations for people living with disability, stressing that there are no major risks to engaging in physical activity appropriate to an individual’s current activity level, health status, and physical function, and that the health benefits accrued generally outweigh the risks. They also emphasize the benefits of limiting sedentary behavior. Conclusions: The guidelines mark a positive step forward for disability inclusion, but considerable effort is needed to advance the agenda. This paper highlights key considerations for the implementation of the new recommendations for people living with disability, in line with the human rights agenda underpinning the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and allied policies.

scholarly journals Indonesian Community Active Lifestyle: Between Expectations and Reality

MAENPO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Taupik Rochman ◽  
Adang Suherman ◽  
Amung Ma’mun ◽  
Bambang Abduljabar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

The active lifestyle of the community becomes a healthy picture of the nation's life because it is one of the keys to maintaining and improving public health. An active lifestyle is defined as a physical activity that is integrated into everyday life, which can be compiled by oneself and the social environment. Indonesia has a society with a physical activity level of 66.5% in the moderate category and a low position. Such conditions occur all over the world so that intervention to improve people's lifestyles has become one of the focuses of world attention in the 2013-2020 action plan called the World Health Organization's best buys. This article aims to describe the efforts made in Indonesia in improving people's lifestyles. The method used is a literature review. However, even though the lifestyle of the Indonesian people is still categorized, the efforts made are by recommendations from the World Health Organization. So that the active lifestyle of the Indonesian people is not only hoping or just a desire to care but is a real thing, really exists and is proven. However, with a high population and a very large area, such a strategy is needed to be well integrated between all levels of society and the government so that it can make an active lifestyle as the strength of the nation in maintaining and improving the quality of life.Keywords: Physical activity, active style, life

Protein and energy requirements in health and illness

2017 ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
Jürgen M. Bauer ◽  
Rebecca Diekmann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Health Organization

The preservation of functionality in elders is closely associated with their nutritional status. In this context it is pivotal for them to meet their nutritional requirements, which vary according to their individual needs. The latter are influenced to a large degree by activity level and comorbidity. Most older individuals will cover their energy needs in the range 25–30 kcal/kg body weight (BW) per day, but in extreme states like hyperkinetic dementia, the daily energy requirement may amount to 40 kcal/kg BW per day. To achieve optimal protein intake, older persons will need more protein per kg BW than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 0.8 g/kg BW per day, which was not varied according to age. For slowing the associated decline in muscle mass and bone quality, 1.0–1.2 g protein/kg BW per day is recommended. In older individuals with relevant comorbidity, even higher protein intake is advisable.

scholarly journals Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. E. Livingstone ◽  
J. J. Strain ◽  
A. M. Prentice ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
G. B. Nevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled (2H218O) water method and basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry were measured in thirty-two healthy free-living adults in Northern Ireland. Habitual physical activity patterns in occupational and discretionary activities were assessed by interview questionnaire. Expressed as a multiple of BMR the TEE values for the sixteen males (1.88 (sd 0.28), range 1.44–2.57) and sixteen females (1.77 (sd 0.16), range 1.50–2.06) were compatible with current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU; 1985) estimates of energy requirements. The results suggest that discretionary physical activity is now emerging as an equally important determinant of energy expenditure in the UK as the occupational classifications currently used as the basis of DHSS (1979) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) recommendations for energy requirements. Therefore, realistically achievable inputs of recreational exercise can have a significant impact in counteracting low levels of energy expenditure which are associated with modern lifestyles and are implicated as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and obesity.

scholarly journals Measurement of Physical Activity Level in Patients with Ankle Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0030
Author(s):  
Seiji Kimura ◽  
Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshimasa Ono
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Maintaining physical activity (PA) is important for reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases and fundamental to keep healthy. PA is reduced in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis, but PA of patients with ankle osteoarthritis has not been clarified. The purpose of this research is to compare PA level and proportion of patients who meet recommendations for health between ankle osteoarthritis and control patients. Methods: The subjects were 50 patients with ankle osteoarthritis (OA group), and 50 patients with minor hand disease matched by age and gender (control Group), who visited our outpatient clinic from October 2016 to April 2019. Both groups had 16 men and 34 women, with an average age of 68 years for the OA group and 66 years for the control group. The visual analogue scale for foot pain was 5.5 on average in the OA group and 0.3 in the control group. The physical activity for one week was measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare the number of steps per day and moderate or higher activity time between the OA group and the control group. The proportions of the OA group and the control group that met the recommendations set by Japan and the World Health Organization were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The number of steps per day was 4177 +- 2312 steps in the OA group and 6802 +- 2851 steps in the control group, which was significantly lower in the OA group (p <0.001). Moderate PA time was 448 +- 232 minutes in the OA group and 634 +- 336 minutes in the control group, OA group was significantly lower (p = 0.02). Vigorous PA time was no difference between the two groups. The WHO recommendations were met by 45 patients in the OA group and 48 in the control group, no difference. The Japanese criterion were met by 33 patients in the OA group and 46 in the control group, which was significantly lower in the OA group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: PA of patients with ankle osteoarthritis was less than control patients. The proportion of patients meeting recommendations for health was lower in the OA group than the control group.

scholarly journals How to be physically active while social distancing? You need to exercise!

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira Luz ◽  
Marcos de Sá Rego Fortes ◽  
Geraldo de Albuquerque Maranhão Neto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: A coronavirus epidemic began in November 2019 (COVID-19) in the Chinese city of Wuhan. However, the current scenario shows the coexistence of other pandemics, the insufficient physical activity level and obesity, the effect of this combination tends to enhance the complications attributed to coronavirus infection. In this scenario, among other strategies to combat COVID-19, social distancing, and active lifestyle compatible with a healthy immune function are recommended. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic over the populational habitual physical activity and recommend the inclusion of a physical exercise routine in your daily life. Conclusion: Moderate physical activity is indicated in order to meet the recent recommendations of the World Health Organization and to optimize the immune response. Therefore, the daily physical exercise should be included, especially at home in longer periods of social distancing.

scholarly journals Relationship between Measured Aerobic Capacity and Total Energy Expenditure Obtained by Doubly Labeled Water in Community-Dwelling Healthy Adults Aged 81-94y: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yasukata ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
Yasuki Higaki ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water

Adequate energy intake is critical for the healthy longevity of older adults, and the estimated energy requirement is determined by total energy expenditure (TEE). We aimed to identify the relationship between measured aerobic capacity and TEE, activity energy expenditure (AEE) or physical activity level (PAL) with the doubly labeled water (DLW) methods in the advanced older adults. A total of 12 physically independent older adults (10 males and 2 females) aged between 81 to 94 years participated in this study. Aerobic capacity was evaluated according to the lactate threshold (LT). TEE under free-living conditions was assessed using the DLW method, and self-reported physical activity was obtained through the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). LT was significantly positively correlated with TEE, AEE, and PAL after adjustment for age and sex (&rho;= 0.77 (P&lt;0.01), 0.86 (p&lt;0.01), and 0.86 (p&lt;0.01), respectively). We found the LT as an aerobic capacity is positively and independently correlated with TEE, AEE or PAL. The present results suggest that maintaining aerobic capacity is an important factor for preventing frailty, although further research is needed to multisite studies and many samples.

scholarly journals Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescent Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J Lateef ◽  
E Njogu ◽  
F. Kiplamai ◽  
U. S Haruna ◽  
R. A Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Health Organization

Adolescents and childhood overweight and obesity have been observed as one of the serious public health challenges of the 21st century by World Health Organization. This study identified the determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescents in public schools in Kwara state, Nigeria. Multistage and stratified sampling techniques were used to randomly select 515 participants which comprised of 343 girls and 172 boys aged (10-19) years in 8 public secondary schools from 32 schools in 2 zonal inspectorate divisions. Data was collected using modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to measure weight and height of the participants. (SPSS, Version 20) and WHO Anthroplus were used to analyze the data Overall prevalence of overweight is (4.7%) and obesity (0.2%), while prevalence for male and female overweight (0.6%, 6.7%) and obesity (0%, 0.3%) respectively. Calculated mean BMI for age of the participants was (19.72± 2.62) kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were positive but weakly correlated to food consumption (FC) of participants (r= 0.012), however the relationship was significant (p< 0.001). Furthermore, overweight and obesity were negatively correlated with no significance to the physical activity level of participants (r=-0.105). Participants need to consume more of low calorie foods such as fruits and vegetables and should also engage in more physical activity practices such as aerobics to lower overweight and obesity prevalence.

scholarly journals Social and Educational Sustainability of the Physical Education of Romanian Students and the Impact on Their Physical Activity Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9231
Author(s):  
Florin Valentin Leuciuc ◽  
Petru Ghervan ◽  
Ileana Monica Popovici ◽  
Florian Benedek ◽  
Andreea Gabriela Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Educational Sustainability

Nowadays, a descending trend concerning physical activity levels among youth has been recorded, as well as differences between males and females; more than half recorded a low level of the physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the social and educational sustainability of physical education and to determine the level of physical activity by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form for Romanian undergraduate and graduate students. In our study, we included students and applied the IPAQ short form anonymously. They gave their consent to use these personal data only for scientific purposes. Overall, two thirds of the subjects (according to the IPAQ scoring protocol) and more than half (according to the World Health Organization recommendation for physical activity) consider themselves to be active. The present study showed that there is a prevalence of insufficient physical activity among Romanian University students (around 40%). The situation seems to be better than in other countries, but in self-evaluation, many people tend to overestimate their potential. To avoid this aspect and gain some objectivity, it is better to use a gadget in order to measure the level of their physical activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document