Combustion of Hard Coal and Alternative Fuels in a Boiler with an Innovative Retort Burner

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-569
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz ORSZULIK ◽  
Anna Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Hard Coal

scholarly journals Alternative Fuels from Forestry Biomass Residue: Torrefaction Process of Horse Chestnuts, Oak Acorns, and Spruce Cones

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Dyjakon ◽  
Tomasz Noszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

The global energy system needs new, environmentally friendly, alternative fuels. Biomass is a good source of energy with global potential. Forestry biomass (especially wood, bark, or trees fruit) can be used in the energy process. However, the direct use of raw biomass in the combustion process (heating or electricity generation) is not recommended due to its unstable and low energetic properties. Raw biomass is characterized by high moisture content, low heating value, and hydrophilic propensities. The initial thermal processing and valorization of biomass improves its properties. One of these processes is torrefaction. In this study, forestry biomass residues such as horse chestnuts, oak acorns, and spruce cones were investigated. The torrefaction process was carried out in temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 320 °C in a non-oxidative atmosphere. The raw and torrefied materials were subjected to a wide range of tests including proximate analysis, fixed carbon content, hydrophobicity, density, and energy yield. The analyses indicated that the torrefaction process improves the fuel properties of horse chestnuts, oak acorns, and spruce cones. The properties of torrefied biomass at 320 °C were very similar to hard coal. In the case of horse chestnuts, an increase in fixed carbon content from 18.1% to 44.7%, and a decrease in volatiles from 82.9% to 59.8% were determined. Additionally, torrefied materials were characterized by their hydrophobic properties. In terms of energy yield, the highest value was achieved for oak acorns torrefied at 280 °C and amounted to 1.25. Moreover, higher heating value for the investigated forestry fruit residues ranged from 24.5 MJ·kg−1 to almost 27.0 MJ·kg−1 (at a torrefaction temperature of 320 °C).

scholarly journals Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Hard Coal, Wheat Straw, and Solid Recovered Fuel in a 200 kWth Calcium Looping CFB Calciner

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Joseba Moreno ◽  
Matthias Hornberger ◽  
Max Schmid ◽  
Günter Scheffknecht
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Calcium Looping

The fluidized bed combustion (FBC) of biomass and solid recovered fuel (SRF) is globally emerging as a viable solution to achieve net-negative carbon emissions in the heat and power sector. Contrary to conventional fossil fuels, alternative fuels are highly heterogeneous, and usually contain increased amounts of alkaline metals and chlorine. Hence, experimental studies are mandatory in order to thoroughly characterize the combustion behavior and pollutant formation of non-conventional fuels in novel applications. This work gives an overview of experimental investigations on the oxy-fuel combustion of hard coal, wheat straw, and SRF with a limestone bed in a semi-industrial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) pilot plant. The CFB combustor was able to be operated under different fuel blending ratios and inlet O2 concentrations, showing a stable hydrodynamic behavior over many hours of continuous operation. The boundary conditions introduced in this study are expected to prevail in carbon capture and storage (CCS) processes, such as the oxy-fuel combustion in the CFB calciner of a Calcium Looping (CaL) cycle for post-combustion CO2 capture.

Geotechnical properties of products of alternative fuel combustion and co-firing with hard coal in the context of their use as solidifying dense mixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136
Author(s):  
Sebastian Stefaniak ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik ◽  
Ewa Miszczak ◽  
Franciszek Plewa ◽  
Irena Twardowska
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Strength ◽  
Retention Capacity

Efforts directed to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have led to the introduction of new firing/co-firing technologies and alternative fuels in the coal-based power industry. This has resulted in the formation of combustion products with new properties that can affect the reuse of these wastes and/or pose a hazard to the environment. One of the power-plant fly ash (FA) reuse options is its application as a solidifying dense mixture with water for backfilling mine workings or in engineering constructions. In this comparative study, geotechnical properties of three groups of FA were evaluated: (i) weathered and freshly generated ash from hard coal combustion in conventional pulverized coal boilers without (C-PCA, C-PFA) and with selective non-catalytic reduction installations for NO x reduction (NC-PFA); (ii) FA from hard coal co-firing with alternative fuels: off gases (GC-PFA) or biomass (BC-PFA) in pulverized coal boilers; (iii) FA from coal (C-FFA) or biomass combustion (B-FFA) in fluidized-bed boilers. The transportability, bonding and solidification properties, uniaxial compression strength, and rewetting of dense mixtures were evaluated by measurements of volumetric density, fluidity, water retention capacity, bonding time, solidification time, uniaxial compression test, and slakeability at the background of the FA chemical composition. Calcareous C-FFA > B-FFA displayed the best geotechnical properties. Other materials showed poorer geotechnical properties than FFA and could be aligned in the order BC-PFA > GC-PFA > NC-PFA > C-PFA > C-PCA.

scholarly journals Leaching of Chlorides, Sulphates, and Phosphates from Ashes Formed as a Result of Burning Conventional Fuels, Alternative Fuels, and Municipal Waste in Household Furnaces

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Alicja Kicińska ◽  
Grzegorz Caba
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mixed Waste

The aim of the study was to assess leaching of Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− from ashes formed in household furnaces. The ashes were obtained following the combustion of conventional fuels, namely wood and hard coal, and alternative fuels with various fractions of municipal waste in a household boiler. Aqueous leachates of the ashes were used to determine concentrations of chlorides by titration (Mohr’s method) (21.3–3049.6 mg/dm3), sulphates by the gravimetric method (12.2–244.1 mg/dm3), and phosphates by spectrophotometry (0.01–67.2 mg/dm3). It was found that co-combustion of municipal waste with plastic-coated paper cartons, diapers, or a mixed waste fraction leaves the greatest amount of ashes on the furnace grate. The highest amounts of Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− were leached from ashes generated from burning a mix of wood and coals, or wood alone (different species). The addition of municipal waste to the process of burning the conventional and alternative fuels studied did not significantly increase Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− content in aqueous extracts of ashes, the exception being diapers and plywood. In light of the study results, it was concluded that all the ashes could be reused (as an additive to concrete) except for the ash generated from the combustion of a mixed municipal waste fraction and coal (due to the content of Cl−) and diapers (due to the content of PO43−). It was demonstrated that Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− content in the entire set of samples and in individual ash groups is highly heterogeneous and variable.

scholarly journals Quality improvement in Cleaner Production aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 03013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Production Area ◽  
A Company ◽  
Clinker Production

The aim of the paper is presented the Cleaner Production (CP) issue in the aspect of the benefits that it gives the company in the competitiveness productivity and efficiency aspect. The research object is a company that is a leader in the Cleaner Production area - cement plant CEMEX. The research was based on a comparative analysis the company’s sustainable development in 2008-2012. It was shown that substitution of alternative fuels (an increase of 43% in 2014 compared to 2010) and the construction the first world’s alternative fuels dryer enabled not only for carbon dioxide reduction, but also hard coal consumption reduction and as a consequence allowed to relieve landfills waste. Thanks to elimination a part of the water contained in alternative fuels up to 8%, the unit heat consumption in the clinker production process is reduced. This is due to avoiding evaporation of water at high temperatures. Analysis the presented data showed that the use of CP not only effectively protects the environment by reducing / minimizing waste streams, but also leads to increased profitability, productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of industry, which in turn leads to economic growth. The paper emphasizes that the CEMEX Rudniki cement plant has saved 132,000 Mg of carbon thanks to the use of alternative fuels over the last 5 years.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

The Influence of Disintegration of Hard Coal Varieties of Different Metamorphism Grade on the Amount of Sorbed Ethane / Wpływ rozdrobnienia odmian węgla kamiennego o różnym stopniu metamorfizmu na ilości sorbowanego etanu

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Żyła ◽  
Agnieszka Dudzińska ◽  
Janusz Cygankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Surface ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Ethane constitutes an explosive gas. It most often accompanies methane realizing during exploitation and mining works. In this paper the results of ethane sorption have been discussed on three grain classes of six selected hard coal samples collected from active Polish coalmines. On the basis of obtained results, it has been stated that the tested hard coals prove differentiated sorption power with reference to ethane. Te extreme amount of ethane is sorbed by low carbonized hard coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine. This sort of coal shows great porosity, and great content of oxygen and moisture. The least amount of ethane is sorbed by hard coal from “Sośnica” coalmine. This sort of coal possesses relatively a great deal of ash contents. Together with the process of coal disintegration, the amount of sorbed ethane increases for all tested coal samples. Between tested coals there are three medium carbonized samples collected from “Pniówek”, “Chwałowice” “Zofiówka” coalmines which are characterized by small surface values counted according to model BET from nitrogen sorption isotherms determined at the temperature of 77.5 K. The samples of these three coals prove the highest, from between tested coals, increase of ethane sorption occurring together with their disintegration. These samples disintegrated to 0,063-0,075 mm grain class sorb ethane in the amount corresponding with the sorption quantity of low carbonized coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine in 0.5-0.7 mm grain class. It should be marked that the low carbonized samples collected from “Jaworzno” and Wesoła” coalmines possess large specific surface and great porosity and belong to coal group of “loose” spatial structure. Regarding profusion of sorbed ethane on disintegrated medium carbonized samples from “Pniówek”, “Zofiówka”, “Chwałowice” coalmines it can be supposed that in the process of coal disintegration, breaking their “compact’ structure occurs. Loosened structure of medium carbonized coals results in increasing accessibility of ethane particles to sorption centres both electron donors and electron acceptors which are present on hard coal surface. The surface sorption centre increase may result in formation a compact layer of ethane particles on coal surface. In the formed layer, not only the strengths of vertical binding of ethane particles with the coal surface appear but also the impact of horizontal strengths appears which forms a compact layer of sorbed ethane particles. The surface layer of ethane particles may lead to explosion.

The Influences of the Rank of Coal on Methane Sorption Capacity in Coals/Wpływ Rzędu Węgla Na Pojemność Sorpcyjną Metanu W Węglach

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
Andrzej Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Methane Sorption ◽  
Indian Coals

Abstract Methane sorption capacity is of significance in the issues of coalbed methane (CBM) and depends on various parameters, including mainly, on rank of coal and the maceral content in coals. However, in some of the World coals basins the influences of those parameters on methane sorption capacity is various and sometimes complicated. Usually the rank of coal is expressed by its vitrinite reflectance Ro. Moreover, in coals for which there is a high correlation between vitrinite reflectance and volatile matter Vdaf the rank of coal may also be represented by Vdaf. The influence of the rank of coal on methane sorption capacity for Polish coals is not well understood, hence the examination in the presented paper was undertaken. For the purpose of analysis there were chosen fourteen samples of hard coal originating from the Upper Silesian Basin and Lower Silesian Basin. The scope of the sorption capacity is: 15-42 cm3/g and the scope of vitrinite reflectance: 0,6-2,2%. Majority of those coals were of low rank, high volatile matter (HV), some were of middle rank, middle volatile matter (MV) and among them there was a small number of high rank, low volatile matter (LV) coals. The analysis was conducted on the basis of available from the literature results of research of petrographic composition and methane sorption isotherms. Some of those samples were in the form (shape) of grains and others - as cut out plates of coal. The high pressure isotherms previously obtained in the cited studies were analyzed here for the purpose of establishing their sorption capacity on the basis of Langmuire equation. As a result of this paper, it turned out that for low rank, HV coals the Langmuire volume VL slightly decreases with the increase of rank, reaching its minimum for the middle rank (MV) coal and then increases with the rise of the rank (LV). From the graphic illustrations presented with respect to this relation follows the similarity to the Indian coals and partially to the Australian coals.

Chances and Threats of Hard Coal Mining Development in Poland – The Results of Experts Research/Szanse I Zagrożenia Dla Rozwoju Górnictwa Węgla Kamiennego W Polsce – Wyniki Badań Eksperckich

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Dubiński ◽  
Marian Turek
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Other World

Abstract The actual situation of hard coal mining in Poland has been presented. In particular, these factors, which have impact on the competiveness of mining sector were highlighted and need of its improving has been stressed. Outlining present situation of hard coal mining an attention was paid to its specific threats. The primary analytical material is based on the results of questionnaire conducted among 92 specialists and experts from the mining sector. The questions were related to chances and threats for development of hard coal mining in Poland. The factors determining them were grouped in such domains as economy, technology, geology, social and law aspects. Moreover, the special attention was paid to the problem of increasing and high costs of coal production which constitute significant threat for the financial and economic situation of the mining enterprises. Also the adverse influence of these high cost on the competitiveness of Polish hard coal with other world producers and with other energy carriers was emphasized. The conclusions summarize the achieved results of analysis.

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