Impact of heat stress on poultry production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jyotsnarani Biswal ◽  
Kennady Vijayalakshmy ◽  
Bhattacharya T. K ◽  
Habibar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Poultry Production

scholarly journals Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nima K. Emami ◽  
Usuk Jung ◽  
Brynn Voy ◽  
Sami Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
The Impact

Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.

Heat stress in poultry production: Mitigation strategies to overcome the future challenges facing the global poultry industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Nawab ◽  
Fahar Ibtisham ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Barbara Kieser ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals The Effects of Heat Stress on Production, Reproduction, Health in Chicken and Its Dietary Amelioration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Gitau Gicheha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Genetic Potential

Farm profitability is the key driver of most livestock enterprises. The productivity and profitability are driven by genetic potential of the animals and the ability to express the superiority in the production environment. In an ideal situation, an animal should produce maximally as dictated by the genetic potential. It is noteworthy that the environment in which an animal lives in impacts on its ability to expose its genetic potential. Studies have shown that it is rarely feasible to provide animals with ideal conditions to express their full genetic potential. The environment in which animals are reared is characterised by many factors that interact in ways that result in different performance even in animals of similar genetic makeup. For instance, thermal environment is critical in poultry production as it affects both the production and reproduction in different ways. The thermal environment affects chicken differently depending on the stage of growth or production phase. This environment has been impacted by the climate change and subsequent increase in climatic variability resulting in thermal challenges in naturally produced chicken thus altering production and reproduction. This implies that there is need to consider thermal resource in the routine poultry management practices. This would result to design of poultry production systems responsive to the thermal environments more so in the light of climate change and the subsequent increase in climatic variability. This chapter explores the impact of heat stress on chicken production, reproduction, health and its dietary amelioration.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Poultry Production and their Managemental Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Ranjan ◽  
Ranjana Sinha ◽  
Indu Devi ◽  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Shiwani Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Poultry Production

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Stress on Development of Chick Embryo (in ovo)

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Ahlam Al-Kharusi ◽  
Sumaya Al-Mahrouqi ◽  
Esmail K. Shubber
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The present study was conducted to determine the adverse effects of high incubation temperature on growth, development and genome stability of broiler chick embryo in ovo). One hundred twenty broiler eggs from Cobb Company, USA were weighted and divided into two groups. The first group was incubated at 37oC ± 0.5oC, and the second group was incubated at 41oC ± 0.5oC from 0 to 18th day. Starting on day 4th and every other day; three eggs from each group were examined following performed measurements as weight of eggs post incubation, embryo, yolk, and egg shell for measuring growth index. Blood smear was also prepared for counting heterophiles, and lymphocytes to determine H/L ratio. Micronucleus formation and presence of binucleated red blood cells were investigated as genome stability parameters, in 2000 cells. Significant reduction (P<0.01) in growth indices was observed in embryos grown at 41oC compared to those grown at 37oC ± 0.5oC. Reduction in H/L ratio was statistically significant (p≤0.01) in embryos of 2nd group comparing to 1st group embryos. Blood of embryo from heat stress group group (2) showed Red blood cells with micronuclei and binucleated cells while no such phenomenon could be seen in embryos from control group group (1). These results suggested that heat stress is influencing cell division at telophase and induces chromosomal damage. 88% of chicks from group (1) were hatched on day 21st; only 18% of chicks from group (2) were hatched lately on day 23rd, while the others were found dead. These results indicate that heat stress not only adversely affects growth and development of embryo stem cells but also induces genome instability which intern resulted in poultry production losses.

scholarly journals Poultry Response to Heat Stress: Its Physiological, Metabolic, and Genetic Implications on Meat Production and Quality Including Strategies to Improve Broiler Production in a Warming World

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Nawaz ◽  
Kwaku Amoah ◽  
Qi Y. Leng ◽  
Jia H. Zheng ◽  
Wei L. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Warming World

The continuous increase in poultry production over the last decades to meet the high growing demand and provide food security has attracted much concern due to the recent negative impacts of the most challenging environmental stressor, heat stress (HS), on birds. The poultry industry has responded by adopting different environmental strategies such as the use of environmentally controlled sheds and modern ventilation systems. However, such strategies are not long-term solutions and it cost so much for farmers to practice. The detrimental effects of HS include the reduction in growth, deterioration of meat quality as it reduces water-holding capacity, pH and increases drip loss in meat consequently changing the normal color, taste and texture of chicken meat. HS causes poor meat quality by impairing protein synthesis and augmenting undesirable fat in meat. Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. The focus of this article is in 3-fold: (1) to identify the mechanism of heat stress that causes meat production and quality loss in chicken; (2) to discuss the physiological, metabolic and genetic changes triggered by HS causing setback to the world poultry industry; (3) to identify the research gaps to be addressed in future studies.

Posthatch Thermal Conditioning Reduces Heat Stress In Three Broiler Strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itunuola Anne Folarin ◽  
Olajide Olowofeso ◽  
Christian Obiora Ndubuisi Ikeobi ◽  
Olukayode Dewunmi Akinyemi ◽  
Olusola Thomas Oduoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Heat stress is an increasing challenge to the sustainability of poultry production in the tropics due to global warming. This study determined the effect of posthatch thermal conditioning on heat stress indices, haematological parameters and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in three meat type chickens; Cobb 500 (C500), Ross 308 (R308) and improved Nigerian indigenous broiler - FUNAAB Alpha (FA). The interplay of individual bird’s genetics and thermal treatment at critical periods on thermoregulation was largely unpublished as at the time this study was conducted. Thermal conditioning was carried out on day 6 by exposing 20 chicks from each strain to high temperature of 40±1 °C for 3 hours. Both conditioned and unconditioned chicks were exposed to acute heat challenge of 40±1 °C for 15 minutes on day 10. Blood samples were collected to determine haematological parameters. Tissue samples were collected from which RNA were extracted, synthesized into cDNA and subjected to qPCR. Strain and thermal conditioning interaction was significant (p<0.05) on haematological parameters with conditioned C500 having the highest means for packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts. Interactive effect was also significant (p<0.05) on BDNF gene expression, with conditioned FA having the highest. The study concluded that variation in traits due to thermal treatment is strain-specific and thermal conditioning is recommended for commercial broilers in southwestern Nigeria.

A Review on Influence of Heat Stress in Poultry Production and Approaches to Combat it

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shashank Shekhar ◽  
Nirupama Dalai ◽  
Swagat Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Poultry Production

Dietary supplementation with copper oxide nanoparticles ameliorates chronic heat stress in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Seham El-Kassas ◽  
Karima El-Naggar ◽  
Safaa E. Abdo ◽  
Walied Abdo ◽  
Abeer A. K. Kirrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cuo Nps

Aims Heat stress (HS) is one of the most serious problems of poultry production. Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in the organism defence against oxidative stress. Because of the low mineral availability of the commercial Cu salts, in a novel approach, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were used to alleviate chronic heat stress-induced degenerative changes in two commercial broiler strains (Ross 308 and Cobb 500). Methods Birds of each broiler strain were divided into six groups, with three replicates each. The first group (N1) received 100% of the recommended Cu requirements as CuO and was housed under normal temperature (24 ± 2°C), the second and third groups (N2 and N3 respectively) received 100% and 50% of the recommended Cu requirements as CuO-NPs and were housed under normal temperature. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups (H1, H2 and H3 respectively) received the same level of Cu supplementation as did the first, second and third groups respectively, and they were housed under normal temperature until the age of 21 days, and then exposed to HS (33 ± 2°C/5 h per day for two successive weeks). Key results Dietary supplementation with CuO-NPs during HS altered the HS-induced responses of the birds, as confirmed by decreased liver malondehyde (MDA) concentration and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) mRNA expression levels and enzyme activities (P &lt; 0.001), with a distinct linear association between the gene expression level and enzyme activity. Copper oxide NPs also reduced HS-induced degenerative changes in the hepatic tissue. These nanoparticles modulated, although variably, liver HS protein 70 (HSP70), HS protein 90 (HSP90) and HS factor 3 (HSF3) mRNA transcript levels among Ross and Cobb chickens following HS (P &lt; 0.001). Performance of both strains under HS was improved (as shown by a marked reduction in body temperature (P &lt; 0.001) and a higher bodyweight (P &lt; 0.01)) when CuO-NPs were supplemented in the diet, especially for the birds receiving 50% of the recommended Cu requirement, with different responses being noted in the two strains studied. Conclusion CuO-NPs could be used as a good alternative source of Cu in poultry nutrition during summer. Implications Dietary supplementation of CuO-NPs, especially at 50% of the birds’ recommended requirement, during heat stress could enhance bird performance, lower bird temperature and increase its resistance to negative consequences of elevated temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Cyclic Heat Stress on Feeding-Related Hypothalamic Neuropeptides of Three Broiler Populations and Their Ancestor Jungle Fowl

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Brugaletta ◽  
Elizabeth Greene ◽  
Travis Tabler ◽  
Sara Orlowski ◽  
Federico Sirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
Hypothalamic Neuropeptides

Heat stress (HS) has been increasingly jeopardizing the sustainability of the poultry production. Moreover, modern high-performing chickens are far less able to withstand HS than their predecessors due to higher growth rate and metabolic rates. Performance losses caused by HS are mainly ascribed to decreases in feed consumption. Since feed intake is tightly controlled by the hypothalamic centers of hunger and satiety, we sought to determine the effect of chronic cyclic HS on the expression of feeding-related hypothalamic neuropeptides (FRHN) in unselected chickens (i.e., the ancestor junglefowl—JF) and three broiler lines from diverse stages of genetic selection (i.e., the slow growing ACRB, the moderate growing 95RN, and the fast growing MRB). From 29 to 56 days, birds (n = 150 birds for each population) were subjected to either thermoneutral (TN, 25°C) or cyclic heat stress (HS, 36°C, 0900–1,800 h) conditions. Molecular data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with interaction between the main factors, namely environmental temperature and line. The expression of major FHRN, like neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, proopiomelanocortin, and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript remained unchanged. However, melanocortin receptor 1 exhibited a line-dependent decreasing trend from JF to MRB under both TN and HS (p = 0.09), adiponectin expression showed a distinct trend toward significance with 95RB exhibiting the highest mRNA level irrespective of the environmental temperature (p = 0.08), and JF had a greater mRNA abundance of visfatin than ACRB under TN (p &lt; 0.05). The hypothalamic integration of circadian information, acclimation to long-lasting HS exposure, stable hypothalamic pathways unaffected by evolution and genetic selection, focus on mRNA abundances, and use of the entire hypothalamus masking gene expression in specific hypothalamic nuclei are all possible explanations for the lack of variations observed in this study. In conclusion, this is the first assessment of the impacts of heat stress on feeding-related hypothalamic neuropeptides of chicken, with a valuable and informative comparison between the ancestor junglefowl and three differently performing broiler lines.

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