The Outcome of Two Occupational Therapy Group Programs on the Social Functioning of Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder

AimsThis poster aims to examine the impact of social cognitive deficits on psychosocial functioning in depressed patients, as well as summarise the utility of various evidence-based therapeutic interventions employed to target these deficits. The stated hypotheses were twofold: (1) that social cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder will correlate with poorer psychosocial functioning; and (2) that these deficits will respond to existing anti-depressant therapies.BackgroundSocial cognition is an important adaptive trait that incorporates the identification, perception and interpretation of socially relevant information from the external world. It is frequently affected in major depressive disorder such that depressed patienMethodA review of the existing literature was performed in order to test the stated hypotheses. Pertinent sources were identified via the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. A total of 107 studies met inclusion criteria for review.ResultImpaired social cognitive performance in depressed patients correlated with poorer psychosocial functioning across the key domains of general cognitive functioning and quality of life. Many current anti-depressant therapies were found to have a normalising effect on the social cognitive abilities of depressed subjects, both at a neural and functional level. Anti-depressant medications, in particular citalopram and reboxetine, appeared to correct facial affect recognition deficits, while a psychotherapeutic approach demonstrated improvements in theory of mind and negative interpretive bias. Data relating to other common treatments, such as electroconvulsive therapy, are limited.ConclusionThe impact and treatment of social cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder is an important emerging field. The social cognitive deficits evident in depressed patients are sometimes subtle, but afford a significant functional impact. Additionally, it appears these impairments are at least partially reversible using anti-depressants or psychotherapy.

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A prospective study to compare the efficacy of vilazodone and escitalopram tablets in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed major depressive disorder

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20201753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Arjun Adiyodi ◽

C. V. Singh ◽

A. K. Mishra ◽

Alok Dixit ◽

Virendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Severity Of Depression ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: With the availability of large number of anti-depressant drugs, a thorough knowledge of comparative efficacy of the commonly used antidepressants is necessary to prescribe best drug molecule to the patient. This improves the compliance and therapeutic outcome. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of vilazodone and escitalopram in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed major depressive disorder in a prospective study.Methods: 200 patients attending the psychiatry out-patient department diagnosed with major depressive disorder were assessed and enrolled into vilazodone 40 mg and escitalopram 20 mg treatment groups. Hamilton depression rating scale score (HDRS) was used to assess the severity of depression disorder at regular intervals.Results: Maximum cases were in the 21-30 age group and minimum cases in above 60 years age group. Males contributed maximum to number of depression cases with respect to females in both the treatment groups. Both escitalopram and vilazodone therapy group showed onset of improvement at the end of 1st week. The efficacy of both treatment arms in reducing HDRS is comparable till 2nd week of treatment, but at 6th month vilazodone was more efficacious than escitalopram therapy. Conclusions: Escitalopram tablet given once/twice daily is significantly effective in reducing HDRS score as early as 2nd week. At 6th month vilazodone tablet was more efficacious than escitalopram therapy. Vilazodone is safe with fewer adverse effects as compared to escitalopram.

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66. Neuroimaging Evidence for Targeting Abnormal Responses to the Social Environment in Major Depressive Disorder

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. S27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Hsu ◽

Ashley Yttredahl ◽

Anjali Sankar

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Social Environment ◽

Major Depressive ◽

The Social

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Stigma-discrimination complex associated with major depressive disorder

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina ◽

10.15446/revfacmed.v67n4.72529 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 531-532

Author(s):

Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽

Edwin Herazo ◽

Guillermo Augusto Ceballos-Ospino

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Perceived Stigma ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Social Sphere ◽

Personal Stigma ◽

The Social ◽

The Relationship

Dear Editor:Throughout history, the stigma-discrimination complex (SDC) has been associated with serious mental disorders such as those on the spectrum of schizophrenia, where symptoms, side effects and impaired social functioning are difficult to conceal. (1) For its part, SDC related to major depressive disorder (MDD) is a growing phenomenon even though its clinical characteristics are easy to hide or are less evident in the social sphere (2,3); in these cases, said association may have more negative effects on people’s lives than the disorder itself. (4,5) Consequently, the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) was designed to quantify the relationship between SDC and MDD (SDC-MDD). This is a Likert scale consisting of two subscales with nine items each. The first addresses the issue of attitude towards people who meet criteria for MDD, i.e. perceived stigma, and the second, the anticipated attitude for MDD, i.e. personal stigma or self-stigma. (6)

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Psychodramatic psychotherapy combined with pharmacotherapy in major depressive disorder: an open and naturalistic study

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462006000100009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Elisabeth Maria Sene Costa ◽

Rosilda Antonio ◽

Márcia Britto de Macedo Soares ◽

Ricardo Alberto Moreno

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Social Adjustment ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Major Depressive ◽

The Social ◽

Social Adjustment Scale

OBJETIVE: Recent literature has highlighted the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Combined therapies comprising both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have presented the best results. Although several kinds of psychotherapies have been studied in the treatment of depressive disorders, there remains a lack of data on psychodramatic psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of psychodramatic psychotherapy (in a sample of major depressive disorder patients. METHOD: This is an open, naturalistic, controlled, non-randomized study. Twenty major depressive disorder patients (according to the DSM-IV criteria), under pharmacological treatment for depression, with Hamilton Depression Scale total scores between 7 and 20 (mild to moderate depression), were divided into two groups. Patients in the psychotherapeutic group took part in 4 individual and 24 structured psychodramatic group sessions, whilst subjects in the control group did not participate in this psychodramatic psychotherapy. Both groups were evaluated with the Social Adjustment Scale - Self Report and the Hamilton Depression Scale. RESULTS: Psychotherapeutic group patients showed a significant improvement according to the Social Adjustment Scale - Self Report and the Hamilton Depression Scale scores at endpoint, compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that individual and group psychodramatic psychotherapy, associated to pharmacological treatment, provides good clinical benefits in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

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Anhedonia predicts poor psychosocial functioning: Results from a large cohort of patients treated for major depressive disorder by general practitioners

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.485 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

F. Vinckier ◽

D. Gourion ◽

S. Mouchabac

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Pharmacological Management ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Symptomatic Remission

AbstractBackground:Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depression and a key prognostic factor that is often poorly explored in clinical trials of major depressive disorder (MDD). Beyond symptomatic remission, psychosocial functioning also reveals difficulty in achieving remission in patients with MDD. The main objective of this study was to explore the interrelationships between social functioning and anhedonia on a longitudinal basis.Methods:In total, 1570 outpatients treated for MDD with agomelatine were included. Severity of depression and levels of anhedonia and of psychosocial functioning were assessed at inclusion and at 10–14 weeks, with specific standardized scales (MADRS, QFS, SHAPS, CGI). Multivariate regression and mediation analyses were performed.Results:Using multivariate regression, we showed that improvement of anhedonia was the strongest predictor of improvement in psychosocial functioning (odds ratio = 7.3 [4.3–12.1] P < 0.0001). In addition, mediation tests confirmed that the association between improvement of depressive symptoms and improvement of social functioning was significantly underpinned by the improvement of anhedonia over time. Finally, we explored the determinants of the dissociation of the response, i.e., the persistence of psychosocial dysfunctioning despite a symptomatic response to antidepressant treatment, which remains a widespread situation in clinical practice. We showed that this dissociation was strongly predicted by persistence of anhedonia.Conclusion:Our results suggest that anhedonia is one of the strongest predictors of psychosocial functioning, along with symptomatic remission, and should be carefully assessed by health professionals, in order to optimize pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological management of depression.

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An Overview on Depression: An Approach to Disorder and Management

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i44a32620 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 336-340

Author(s):

Kartik Pandya ◽

Chintan Aundhia ◽

Avinash Seth ◽

Nirmal Shah ◽

Dipti Gohil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Central Nervous System Disorders ◽

The Brain

Central nervous system (CNS) disorder is the world’s leading cause of disability and account of more hospitalizations. Central nervous system disorders are a group of neurological disorder that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord. Depression (major depressive disorder or clinical depression) is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. The aim of treatment is release of neurotrophic proteins in the brain that can help to rebuild the hippocampus that has been reduced due to depression and to optimize patients’ physical, psychological and social functioning. This review presents a brief summary on psychological implications of living with depression, pathogenesis, diagnosis, causes, sign and symptoms and treatments associated with depression.

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