Temporal Aspects of the VO2Response at the Power Output Associated with VO2peak in Well Trained Cyclists—Implications for Interval Training Prescription

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Cecilia M. Shing ◽  
David G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Temporal Aspects

Protein Supplementation Does Not Improve Aerobic and Anaerobic Fitness in Collegiate Dancers Performing Cycling Based High Intensity Interval Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Alfiero ◽  
Samantha J. Brooks ◽  
Hannah M. Bideganeta ◽  
Coby Contreras ◽  
Ann F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The effects of a 6-week cycling high-intensity interval training (HIIT) concurrently with protein supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic fitness and body composition in collegiate dancers was investigated. Eighteen participants enrolled in a collegiate dance program were matched into three groups: high-protein (HP; 90 g·d-1), moderate-protein (MP; 40 g·d-1), and control (C; 0 g·d-1). All participants performed a 6-week HIIT intervention. Participants completed a graded exercise test, Wingate anaerobic test (Wingate), and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan before and after the intervention. Peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak), peak power output (PPO), lactate threshold (LT), and ventilatory thresholds 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) were assessed during the graded exercise test. Peak power output, mean power output (MPO), and fatigue index (FI) were assessed during the Wingate. Lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index were assessed during dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body composition index (BCI) was calculated from pre and post LM and FM. Habitual diet was recorded weekly. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences in VO2peak and percent fat mass (%FM) were observed between groups prior to the intervention. Significant main effects for time were observed for HRpeak (p = 0.02), VO2peak (p < 0.001), PPO (p < 0.01), LT (p < 0.001), VT1 (p < 0.001), and VT2 (p < 0.001) during the graded exercise test, and PPO (p < 0.01) and FI (p < 0.01) during the Wingate. Significant main effects for time were observed for LM (kg; p = 0.01) and FM (kg; p < 0.01). Body composition index was improved for all groups, however, no significant differences by group were observed. No significant differences were observed between groups for the measured outcomes (p > 0.05). Therefore, there was no effect of protein supplementation in the short 6-week intervention. This cycling based HIIT routine increased physical fitness, optimized aesthetics, and was a simple addition to an existing collegiate dance curriculum.

scholarly journals Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9791
Author(s):  
Gabriel V. Protzen ◽  
Charles Bartel ◽  
Victor S. Coswig ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
Fabricio B. Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.

Time Spent Near V˙O2max During Different Cycling Self-Paced Interval Training Protocols

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cristiano Dall’ Agnol ◽  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Ricardo Dantas De Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Work Recovery

Purpose: Cyclists may increase exercise intensity by prolonging exercise duration and/or shortening the recovery period during self-paced interval training, which could impact the time spent near . Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare the time spent near during 4 different self-paced interval training sessions. Methods: After an incremental test, 11 cyclists (mean [SD]: age = 34.4 [6.2] y; ) performed in a randomized order 4 self-paced interval training sessions characterized by a work–recovery ratio of 4:1 or 2:1. Sessions comprised 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of cycling with 1 minute (4/1) or 2 minutes (4/2) of active recovery or 8 minutes of cycling with 2 minutes (8/2) or 4 minutes (8/4) of active recovery. Time spent at 90% to 94% (), ≥95% (), and 90% to 100% () was analyzed in absolute terms and relative to the total work duration. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were compared. Results: The 8/4 session provided higher absolute and than 8/2 (P = .015 and .029) and 4/1 (P = .002 and .047). The 4/2 protocol elicited higher relative (47.7% [26.9%]) and (23.5% [22.7%]) than 4/1 (P = .015 and .028) and 8/2 (P < .01). Session 4/2 (275 [23] W) elicited greater mean power output (P < .01) than 4/1 (261 [27] W), 8/4 (250 [25] W), and 8/2 (234 [23] W). Conclusions: Self-paced interval training composed of 4-minute and 8-minute work periods efficiently elicit , but protocols with a work–recovery ratio of 2:1 (ie, 4/2 and 8/4) could be prioritized to maximize .

Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Carley O’Neill ◽  
Shilpa Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low- and moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown to be effective for reducing general anxiety and anxiety sensitivity among adults with asthma. Exercise frequency and intensity have been shown to play an integral role in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, less is known about the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety in adults with asthma. Methods: A 6-week HIIT intervention was conducted with adults with asthma. Participants completed HIIT (10% peak power output for 1 min, 90% peak power output for 1 min, repeated 10 times) 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and the Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results: Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (PRE: 17.9 [11.8]; POST 12.4 [13], P = .002, Cohen d = 0.4, n = 20) and Body Sensations Questionnaire (PRE: 2.4 [1.0]; POST: 2.0 [0.8], P = .007, Cohen d = 0.3) improved from preintervention to postintervention. Conclusion: A 6-week HIIT intervention leads to improved anxiety among adults with asthma. Future research should determine the impact of HIIT among adults with asthma with clinical anxiety.

scholarly journals Optimizing Interval Training Through Power-Output Variation Within the Work Intervals

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-989
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Bossi ◽  
Cristian Mesquida ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
Bent R. Rønnestad ◽  
James G. Hopker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Varied Intensity

Purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake () is a key determinant of endurance performance. Therefore, devising high-intensity interval training (HIIT) that maximizes stress of the oxygen-transport and -utilization systems may be important to stimulate further adaptation in athletes. The authors compared physiological and perceptual responses elicited by work intervals matched for duration and mean power output but differing in power-output distribution. Methods: Fourteen cyclists ( 69.2 [6.6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 3 laboratory visits for a performance assessment and 2 HIIT sessions using either varied-intensity or constant-intensity work intervals. Results: Cyclists spent more time at during HIIT with varied-intensity work intervals (410 [207] vs 286 [162] s, P = .02), but there were no differences between sessions in heart-rate- or perceptual-based training-load metrics (all P ≥ .1). When considering individual work intervals, minute ventilation () was higher in the varied-intensity mode (F = 8.42, P = .01), but not respiratory frequency, tidal volume, blood lactate concentration [La], ratings of perceived exertion, or cadence (all F ≤ 3.50, ≥ .08). Absolute changes (Δ) between HIIT sessions were calculated per work interval, and Δ total oxygen uptake was moderately associated with (r = .36, P = .002). Conclusions: In comparison with an HIIT session with constant-intensity work intervals, well-trained cyclists sustain higher fractions of when work intervals involved power-output variations. This effect is partially mediated by an increased oxygen cost of hyperpnea and not associated with a higher [La], perceived exertion, or training-load metrics.

scholarly journals Acute Hormonal Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Hyperoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Giorgio Manferdelli ◽  
Nils Freitag ◽  
Kenji Doma ◽  
Anthony C Hackney ◽  
Hans-Georg Predel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractThis study aimed to compare selected hormonal responses to a single session of high intensity interval training performed with an increased fraction of inspired oxygen (hyperoxia) and under normoxic conditions. Twelve recreationally trained men (age 24 ± 3 years) performed two sessions of high intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer, in randomized order with hyperoxia (4 L·min-1 with a flowrate of 94% O2) and normoxia. Each session consisted of 5 intervals of 3 minutes at 85% of the maximal power output, interspersed by 2 min at 40% of the maximal power output. Serum cortisol, prolactin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed both before and immediately after each high intensity interval training session. Statistically significant differences in cortisol were found between hyperoxic and normoxic conditions (p = 0.011), with a significant increase in hyperoxia (61.4 ± 73.2%, p = 0.013, ES = -1.03), but not in normoxia (-1.3 ± 33.5%, p > 0.05, ES = 0.1). Prolactin increased similarly in both hyperoxia (118.1 ± 145.1%, p = 0.019, ES = -0.99) and normoxia (62.14 ± 75.43%, p = 0.005, ES = -0.5). VEGF was not statistically altered in either of the conditions. Our findings indicate that a single session of high intensity interval training in low-dose hyperoxia significantly increased cortisol concentrations in recreationally trained individuals compared to normoxia, while the difference was smaller in prolactin and diminished in VEGF concentrations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3674
Author(s):  
Tak Hiong Wong ◽  
Alexiaa Sim ◽  
Stephen F. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Mean Power Output

Dietary nitrate supplementation has shown promising ergogenic effects on endurance exercise. However, at present there is no systematic analysis evaluating the effects of acute or chronic nitrate supplementation on performance measures during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT). The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence for supplementation of dietary beetroot—a common source of nitrate—to improve peak and mean power output during HIIT and SIT. A systematic literature search was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework within the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus. Search terms used were: ((nitrate OR nitrite OR beetroot) AND (HIIT or high intensity or sprint interval or SIT) AND (performance)). A total of 17 studies were included and reviewed independently. Seven studies applied an acute supplementation strategy and ten studies applied chronic supplementation. The standardised mean difference for mean power output showed an overall trivial, non-significant effect in favour of placebo (Hedges’ g = −0.05, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.21, Z = 0.39, p = 0.69). The standardised mean difference for peak power output showed a trivial, non-significant effect in favour of the beetroot juice intervention (Hedges’ g = 0.08, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.30, Z = 0.72, p = 0.47). The present meta-analysis showed trivial statistical heterogeneity in power output, but the variation in the exercise protocols, nitrate dosage, type of beetroot products, supplementation strategy, and duration among studies restricted a firm conclusion of the effect of beetroot supplementation on HIIT performance. Our findings suggest that beetroot supplementation offers no significant improvement to peak or mean power output during HIIT or SIT. Future research could further examine the ergogenic potential by optimising the beetroot supplementation strategy in terms of dosage, timing, and type of beetroot product. The potential combined effect of other ingredients in the beetroot products should not be undermined. Finally, a chronic supplementation protocol with a higher beetroot dosage (>12.9 mmol/day for 6 days) is recommended for future HIIT and SIT study.

Mood and Cycling Performance in Response to Three Weeks of High-Intensity, Short-Duration Overtraining, and a Two-Week Taper

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Berger ◽  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Brian D. Butki ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
John G. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
And Performance

This study examined changes in mood and performance in response to high-intensity, short-duration overtraining and a subsequent taper. Pursuit cyclists (N = 8) at the United States Olympic Training Center completed the POMS and simulated 4-km pursuit performance tests throughout a six-week period. The six-week period included a baseline week, three weeks of overtraining that consisted primarily of high-intensity interval training, and a two-week taper. Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) scores displayed a quadratic polynomial effect across the three weeks of overtraining (p < .01), with the highest TMD scores occurring in the second week. Average TMD scores were lower during the taper than at baseline (p < .02) and lower at taper than overtraining (p < .0005). Cycling performance (pursuit time and average power output) improved during the three weeks of overtraining; additional improvements were observed during the taper. There were no significant correlations between TMD and performance. However, pursuit time, average power output, and mood disturbance scores were at optimal levels throughout the taper period. These findings suggest that high-intensity, short-duration overtraining may not result in an overtraining syndrome in 4-km pursuit cyclists.

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