Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Rao ◽  
B. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases

scholarly journals The Golgi apparatus in neurorestoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Jianyang Liu ◽  
Jialin He ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Zheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The central role of the Golgi apparatus in critical cellular processes such as the transport, processing, and sorting of proteins and lipids has placed it at the forefront of cell science. Golgi apparatus dysfunction caused by primary defects within the Golgi or pharmacological and oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to participating in disease progression, the Golgi apparatus plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis, thereby promoting neurological recovery. In this review, we focus on the functions of the Golgi apparatus and its mediated events during neurorestoration.

scholarly journals The role of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ in neurodegenerative disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
Aurelio Reyes ◽  
Xiangdong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract: The discovery of charged molecules being able to cross the mitochondrial membrane has prompted many scholars to exploit this idea to find a way of preventing or slowing down aging. In this paper, we will focus on mitochondriatargeted antioxidants, which are cationic derivatives of plastoquinone, and in particular on the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in mitochondria and its related mitochondrial dysfunction are critical signatures of Alzheimer’ s disease (AD). In another neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the production of Lewy bodies are among their pathological features. Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease has been frequently linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Recent studies show that MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, may possess therapeutic potential for Aβ-related and oxidative stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. Although MitoQ has been developed to the stage of clinical trials in PD, its true clinical effect still need further verification. This review aims to discuss the role of mitochondrial pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the recent development of mitochondrial targeted antioxidants as a potential treatment for these diseases by removing excess oxygen free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in order to improve mitochondrial function.  

Brain rust: Recent discoveries on the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diêgo Madureira de Oliveira ◽  
Rute Maria Ferreira Lima ◽  
Ramon Santos El-Bachá
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases

scholarly journals Interrelation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease: Role of TNF

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fischer ◽  
Olaf Maier
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Both conditions can lead to increased oxidative stress by excessive release of harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which further promote neuronal damage and subsequent inflammation resulting in a feed-forward loop of neurodegeneration. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a master regulator of the immune system, plays an important role in the propagation of inflammation due to the activation and recruitment of immune cells via its receptor TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Moreover, TNFR1 can directly induce oxidative stress by the activation of ROS and RNS producing enzymes. Both TNF-induced oxidative stress and inflammation interact and cooperate to promote neurodegeneration. However, TNF plays a dual role in neurodegenerative disease, since stimulation via its second receptor, TNFR2, is neuroprotective and promotes tissue regeneration. Here we review the interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the two major chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and discuss the dual role of TNF in promoting neurodegeneration and tissue regeneration via its two receptors.

scholarly journals Neuroprotection by Micronutrients and Cannabidiol (CBD) in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kedar N. Prasad ◽  
Kedar N. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Protective Proteins

The major objectives of this review are to elucidate the role of antioxidants and cannabidiol (CBD) in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamate levels, which contribute to the pathogenesis of human neurological diseases. Antioxidants act by: (a) donation of electrons to molecules with unpaired electrons to neutralize them, (b) activation of ROS-resistant Nrf2 to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes, (c) restoration of deficiency of antioxidants to normal levels, (d) alterations in the expression of microRNAs, which guide their respective mRNAs to translate protective proteins, and (e) prevention of the release and toxicity of glutamate. CBD acts by: (a) activating endocannabinoid system, which consists of anandamide and archidonoylglycerol, cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R, and their synthesizing and degrading enzymes, (b) acting as an agonist to non-cannabinoid receptors, such as dopamine, serotonin, and adenosine, (c) acting as an inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake, and (d) acting as an antagonist to glutamate receptors. Since antioxidants and CBD act primarily by different mechanisms, it is proposed that combination of the two may be more effective than either individually. No review on this topic has been published. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are suggested to test the efficacy of proposed combination in selected neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9290
Author(s):  
Łucja Justyna Walczak-Nowicka ◽  
Mariola Herbet
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Use

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

The Underlying Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration: A Mechanistic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Yaribeygi ◽  
Yunes Panahi ◽  
Behjat Javadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress

Background: Neurodegeneration is a condition in which progressive loss of function and structure of neurons occurs. Several lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress has a central role in neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: The aim was to survey molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of oxidative stress in developing different neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: Original and review articles were retrieved through a PubMed and Google scholar search (from 1989 to 2015) using the following key words: “oxidative stress”, “nerve degeneration” and “neurodegenerative diseases”. Results: A comprehensive analysis of the obtained articles confirmed strong involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases through a variety of mechanisms including induction of oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, formation of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, amyloid β deposition and plaque formation, apoptosis, cytokine production and inflammatory responses, and proteasome dysfunction. Conclusion: Regarding the pivotal role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, modulation of free radical production or alleviating their harmful effects can be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing and controlling neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly; boosting endogenous antioxidant capacity besides providing exogenous sources of antioxidants merits future research in order to discover new therapeutic agents.

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