Role of ADAMTS-13 and nNOS expression in neuropathogenesis of listeric encephalitis of small ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 584-596
Author(s):  
MO Karayigit ◽  
GC Dincel
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nnos Expression

scholarly journals Epizootic Situation on Anaplasmosis of Small Ruminants in the Irkutsk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
O. V. Suntsova ◽  
V. A. Rar ◽  
O. V. Lisak ◽  
I. V. Meltsov ◽  
E. K. Doroschenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Substitution ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Probable Role

Anaplasmosis of ruminants is a group of natural focal infections caused by bacteria from the genus Anaplasma of the Anaplasmataceae family. The main etiological agent of anaplasmosis in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants is Anaplasma ovis, which parasitizes in the erythrocytes of these animals. The purpose of this study was the finding and identification of Anaplasma spp. in the blood of small ruminants using genetic methods and obtaining data on the distribution of anaplasmosis in the Irkutsk region. 20 goat blood samples, 611 sheep blood samples and 209 Dermacentor nuttalli ticks from 12 districts of the Irkutsk region were examined for the presence of Anaplasma spp. Only one type of anaplasma, A. ovis, was found among the genotyped samples. A. ovis was found in the blood of sheep and goats in all of the studied districts of the Irkutsk region. The proportion of sheep blood samples containing anaplasma DNA varied from 30 % to 85 %, in goats – from 10 % to 100 % in different districts, and averaged 57.8 % in sheep and 55,0 % in goats. Frequency of infection of D. nuttalli ticks with A. ovis was 5.7 %. The nucleotide sequences of the samples detected in the blood of small ruminants on the territory of the Irkutsk region differed from each other by a single nucleotide substitution and were identical to the sequences of the type strain Haibei, as well as the sequences of A. ovis previously found in the blood of sheep from Mongolia, deer from China, and Dermacentor niveus and Dermacentor nuttalli ticks from China. These sequences were also identical to the sequences previously found in the blood of sheep from Altai and in Dermacentor nuttalli ticks from Tuva, which indicates the wide distribution of these A. ovis genovariants in Siberia and the probable role of D. nuttalli as a carrier of the agent of anaplasmosis of small ruminants in the Irkutsk region.

scholarly journals Effect of Five Mediterranean Shrubs Extracts on Larval Exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aïssa ◽  
F. Manolaraki ◽  
H. Ben Salem ◽  
H. Hoste ◽  
K. Kraiem
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Medicago Arborea ◽  
Mediterranean Shrubs ◽  
Third Stage

Background: Mediterranean shrub species cover more than 70% of the total area in Tunisia and in summer when the herbaceous species have wilted, they constitute feeding resource for livestock. The use of tanniniferous shrubs seems to be a good alternative to control gastrointestinal nematodes infections in small ruminants. This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) effect of Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua), Periploca angustifolia Labill. (P. angustifolia) and Medicago arborea (M. arborea) against Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae (L3). Methods: The larval exsheathment assay (LEA) was used to determine the proportions (%) of exsheathment of five acetonic extracts at different concentrations (1200, 600, 300, 150 μg/ml). To confirm the role of tannins in the AH effects of extracts, polyvinyl polypyrolidone (PVPP) was used as deactivating chemical tannins. Result: The highest % L3 exsheathed was recorded for M. arborea (55.01%) and the lowest value was founded for C. siliqua and P. angustifolia leaves (16.26%). Our results were concentration-dependent (P less than 0.001). The % of exsheathment increased as the time of incubation increased (P less than 0.001). P. angustifolia pods recorded the lowest EC50 value (P less than 0.05). After PVPP addition, all the acetonic extracts showed a restoration of L3 exsheathment values similar to control values (P less than 0.001).

scholarly journals Role of O-polysaccharide antigen made from B. melitensis in the differential diagnosis of brucellosis in small ruminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Arakelyan ◽  
A.S. Dimova ◽  
A.V. Rudenko ◽  
N.V. Khristenko ◽  
V.T. Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigen ◽  
Objective Indicator ◽  
Healthy Sheep

Out of 2942 blood serum samples from small ruminants of 10 flocks with a natural course of brucellosis caused by B. melitensis, 322 samples reacted with both antigens in the RID, of which 90 samples only with the O-PS M antigen (from B. melitensis), only with O-PS A-antigen (from B. abortus) reactive was not revealed. In healthy sheep immunized against brucellosis with the vaccine from strain 19 according to different schemes, only the O-PS M antigen was not found to react. Reaction with O-PS A- and M-antigens was observed in animals that were immunized twice subcutaneously at a dose of 40 billion mc. - after 2 months. after revaccination (60%), as well as in those reimmunized conjunctivally at a dose of 4 billion mc. according to the background of primary immunization subcutaneously at a dose of 40 billion mc. (10%) In animals immunized once or twice conjunctivally, reacting in RID with both antigens was not detected. Out of 2432 blood serum samples of small ruminants, 10 flocks with a brucellosis problem immunized against brucellosis with a vaccine from B.abortus strain 19 according to different schemes, 151 samples (6.2%) reacted positively with both O-PS antigens in RID with both O-PS antigens, of which only 86 samples (56.9%) reacted with O-PS M-antigen. The prevalence of indications of RID with O-PS M-antigen over RID with O-PS A-antigen (O-PS antigen made from Brucellae abortus) in small ruminants in one or another flock is characteristic of infection caused by brucellae melitensis at least in the absence, at least in the presence of the fact of immunization with a vaccine from the B. abortus 19 strain. RID with O-PS M-antigen is an objective indicator of epizootic danger and is able to differentiate brucellosis (B. melitensis) in small ruminants from vaccination-induced reactions (B. abortus 19).

scholarly journals Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Schulz ◽  
Christine Fast ◽  
Ulrich Wernery ◽  
Jörg Kinne ◽  
Sunitha Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Lineage Iv

Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a severe respiratory disease in small ruminants. The possible impact of different atypical host species in the spread and planed worldwide eradication of PPRV remains to be clarified. Recent transmission trials with the virulent PPRV lineage IV (LIV)-strain Kurdistan/2011 revealed that pigs and wild boar are possible sources of PPRV-infection. We therefore investigated the role of cattle, llamas, alpacas, and dromedary camels in transmission trials using the Kurdistan/2011 strain for intranasal infection and integrated a literature review for a proper evaluation of their host traits and role in PPRV-transmission. Cattle and camelids developed no clinical signs, no viremia, shed no or only low PPRV-RNA loads in swab samples and did not transmit any PPRV to the contact animals. The distribution of PPRV-RNA or antigen in lymphoid organs was similar in cattle and camelids although generally lower compared to suids and small ruminants. In the typical small ruminant hosts, the tissue tropism, pathogenesis and disease expression after PPRV-infection is associated with infection of immune and epithelial cells via SLAM and nectin-4 receptors, respectively. We therefore suggest a different pathogenesis in cattle and camelids and both as dead-end hosts for PPRV.

scholarly journals A Whole Genome Re-Sequencing Based GWA Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Ivermectin Resistance in Haemonchus contortus

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawar Khan ◽  
Ayesha Nisar ◽  
Jianqi Yuan ◽  
Xiaoping Luo ◽  
Xueqin Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Signatures Of Selection ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Important Parasite

The most important and broad-spectrum drug used to control the parasitic worms to date is ivermectin (IVM). Resistance against IVM has emerged in parasites, and preserving its efficacy is now becoming a serious issue. The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) is economically an important parasite of small ruminants across the globe, which has a successful track record in IVM resistance. There are growing evidences regarding the multigenic nature of IVM resistance, and although some genes have been proposed as candidates of IVM resistance using lower magnification of genome, the genetic basis of IVM resistance still remains poorly resolved. Using the full magnification of genome, we herein applied a population genomics approach to characterize genome-wide signatures of selection among pooled worms from two susceptible and six ivermectin-resistant isolates of H. contortus, and revealed candidate genes under selection in relation to IVM resistance. These candidates also included a previously known IVM-resistance-associated candidate gene HCON_00148840, glc-3. Finally, an RNA-interference-based functional validation assay revealed the HCON_00143950 as IVM-tolerance-associated gene in H. contortus. The possible role of this gene in IVM resistance could be detoxification of xenobiotic in phase I of xenobiotic metabolism. The results of this study further enhance our understanding on the IVM resistance and continue to provide further evidence in favor of multigenic nature of IVM resistance.

scholarly journals The role of small ruminants on global climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro ◽  
Amanda Moser Coelho da Fonseca Faro ◽  
Mylena Taborda Piquera Peres ◽  
Rafael Batista ◽  
Cesar Henrique Espirito Candal Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Small Ruminants

scholarly journals ROLE OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN PATHOGENICITY OF SOME DOMESTIC ANIMALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadabadi
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics

Clostridium perfringens, is an anaerobic, gram-positive, pathogenic and spore-forming bacillus and broadly gave out in our territory. This bacterium has spore formation capability and creating gangrene and gastrointestinal disease, for example food poisoning and necrotic enteritis in human, whilst in other animals, gastrointestinal and enterotoxemic diseases more happening. Prevalence of necrotic enteritis, created by C. perfringens, has been often stated in sheep, chickens and ostrich throughout the world. The most critical problem for epidemiological investigations and vaccines improvement is accurate recognition of C. perfringens variants. Moreover, Small ruminants, especially native breed types, play an important role to the livelihoods of a considerable part of human population in the tropics from socio-economic aspects. Therefore, integrated attempt in terms of management and genetic improvement to enhance production is of crucial importance. Poultry provide humans with companionship, food and fiber in the form of eggs, meat and feathers. Many people love to raise and show chickens and other poultry species at fairs and other poultry shows. Others just love to raise them for backyard pets and for fresh eggs every day. In the last few years, ostrich farming has progressed dramatically and the world ostrich industry has achieved some economic stability. There is considerable scope for improvement in the areas of artificial incubation, chick nutrition, environmental requirements and selective breeding. Hence, the aim of this paper was to study role of Clostridium perfringens in pathogenicity of sheep, broilers and Ostrich. In conclusion, recognition of toxins producing by C. perfringens is very momentous because their toxin types are related to particular gastric and intestinal animal sickness and PCR has become an essential research and diagnostic tool, being a powerful technique with a vast and increasing range of applications. Hence, it is better that animal breeders identify different types of C. perfringens using PCR technique to prevent the damage caused by this bacterium.  

Chronic coenurosis in sheep: spontaneous remission of clinical signs and role of CT and MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001092
Author(s):  
Laura Tena ◽  
Ricardo De Miguel ◽  
Enrique Castells ◽  
Amaia Escudero ◽  
Delia Lacasta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Ct And Mri

Coenurosis is a fatal disease caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps that leads to enormous economic losses in sheep production. Five ewes affected by chronic coenurosis were studied by CT and one of them by MRI. CT allowed detection, localisation and characterisation of the parasitic cyst in all evaluated animals. MRI evinced the white and grey matter damage in the areas adjacent to the coenurus. One of the affected animals recovered spontaneously, showing a shrunken and collapsed parasitic cyst surrounded by partially mineralised tissue in the CT and MRI images. These findings were confirmed at postmortem examination. In conclusion, CT and MRI are valuable non-invasive techniques that allow early diagnosis, characterisation and follow-up of ovine CNS diseases. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous clinical remission of chronic coenurosis in small ruminants.

scholarly journals Anaplasma spp. in dairy ruminants in Jordan: high individual and herd-level seroprevalence and association with abortions

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Obaidat ◽  
Alaa E. Bani Salman
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Apparently Healthy

We estimated the seroprevalence of, and associated risk factors for, anaplasmosis in dairy cows, sheep, and goats in all regions of Jordan. Apparently healthy animals from 135 farms (31 cow, 68 sheep, and 36 goat farms) were tested for Anaplasma spp. antibodies by a competitive ELISA. At the farm level, 36%, 94%, and 94% of cow, sheep, and goat farms, respectively, were seropositive for Anaplasma spp. At the individual animal level, 22%, 89%, and 82% of the tested cows, sheep, and goats, respectively, were seropositive, which demonstrates widespread and high seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in dairy farms in Jordan. Seroprevalence did not vary between regions. Using the Fisher exact test, there was a significant association between high seroprevalence and recent abortion in small ruminants. There is an urgent need for further investigation of this disease, and the potential role of Anaplasma spp. in abortions, on dairy farms in Jordan.

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