Combined chemical oxidation and membrane filtration techniques applied to the removal of some selected pharmaceuticals from water systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Real ◽  
F. Javier Benitez ◽  
Juan L. Acero ◽  
Gloria Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Water Systems

Carbon–titanium dioxide (C/TiO2) nanofiber composites for chemical oxidation of emerging organic contaminants in reactive filtration applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-722
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Greenstein ◽  
Matthew R. Nagorzanski ◽  
Bailey Kelsay ◽  
Edgard M. Verdugo ◽  
Nosang V. Myung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Tio2 Nanofiber ◽  
System P ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants

Electrospun carbon nanofibers with integrated titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used for water treatment in a photoactive membrane filtration system.

Introduction to Leachate Treatment

2015 ◽  
pp. 200-218
Author(s):  
Amin Mojiri ◽  
Siti Fatihah Binti Ramli ◽  
Wan Izatul Saadiah Binti Wan Kamar
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Leachate is created while water penetrates through the waste in a landfill, carrying some forms of pollutants. The goal of this chapter is the introduction to leachate treatment. Biological, physical, and chemical treatments of leachate are the most common methods. The biological techniques in leachate treatment are studied. The physical-chemical ways for landfill leachate treatment like chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, coagulation–flocculation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, adsorption and electrochemical treatment are studied. The landfill leachate properties, technical applicability and constraints, effluent discharge alternatives, cost-effectiveness, regulatory requirements and environmental impact are important factors for selection of the most suitable treatment technique for landfill leachate treatment.

Combination of chemical oxidation-membrane filtration processes for the elimination of phenyl-ureas in water matrices

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1883-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier Benitez ◽  
Juan L. Acero ◽  
Francisco J. Real ◽  
Carolina Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chemical Oxidation

A Study Into the Use of Milliflex Quantum as Rapid Microbial Detection Method for Microorganisms in Pharmaceutical...

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Sandle
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Microbial Detection ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Quality Control Testing ◽  
Rapid Microbial Detection

Control of pharmaceutical water systems represents an essential part of Good Manufacturing Practice and embedded within this is the quality control testing of water systems for viable microorganisms, and subjecting the data obtained to trend analysis. This has traditionally been achieved by membrane filtration and the use of a culture medium. While such test methodologies can recover a level of the bioburden present, the incubation times are lengthy. To address the problem of time-to-result, rapid microbiological methods offer an alternative approach. One such example is the Milliflex Quantum, which is the focus of this article.

Carbon nanotube composite membranes for small ‘designer’ water treatment systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiou Huang ◽  
Howard Fairbrother ◽  
Benoit Teychene ◽  
Gaurav Ajmani ◽  
Talia Abbott Chalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Filtration Cycle

Small water systems that serve fewer than a few thousand persons are often less safe and less sustainable than large drinking water systems due to lack of suitable technologies. This ongoing research aims to develop a novel water treatment technology for small communities. By layering structured, functional carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto low pressure membranes (LPMs), composite membranes were prepared to remove different organic and inorganic contaminants from water, including heavy metals, viruses, natural organic matter, and organic micropollutants. The removal efficiencies varied from over 99.9% (for cadmium) to above 60% (for humic substances). A low-cost CNT formed an antifouling layer that removed membrane foulants by depth filtration, thereby extending the membrane filtration cycle over five-fold. When the CNTs were layered inside hollow fiber membranes, superb backwashable properties were observed, allowing the operation of CNT-modified membranes under full-scale treatment conditions. Moreover, a systematic study of CNT rejection by LPMs found that commercially available LPMs efficiently prevented CNT breakthrough, thus ensuring nanosafety of the treated water. By varying the composition and structure of functional CNT layers, energy-efficient composite membranes may be economically produced for designer water treatment systems and applied in small communities.

scholarly journals TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCED WATER FROM OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (Special) ◽  
pp. 3-130-3-148
Author(s):  
Anaheed S. Hameed ◽  
◽  
Mohammed N. Abbas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physical Absorption ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Exploration and production of oil and gas are two operations that have the ability to damage and polluted the environment. The most significant waste created by these operations is produced water. Since the produced water includes toxic pollutants in both organic and inorganic compounds, produced water from oil and gas extraction cannot be discharged directly into the environment. Uncontrolled discharge can cause damage to the environment, including the loss of marine and plant life. Until being discharged into the environment, the produced water must be treated to meet the quality requirements. This article reviewed the sources, characteristics, and extent of pollution caused by oil and gas producing water, as well as different technologies for treating or disposing it. Physical (absorption, membrane filtration etc.), chemical (oxidation and sedimentation) and biological processes can all be used to treat the produced water (activated sludge, biological air filters etc.) Because no single technology can satisfy the acceptable effluent properties, two or more treatment systems can be used in a sequential process.

scholarly journals Waterfowl Influence on Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Central Florida Freshwater Lakes

Fine Focus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Rachel Schomaker ◽  
Brittany Gasper
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations

Bacteria are important natural components of virtually every environment, including water systems. While many are beneficial to the ecosystem in which they are found, some can be indicators of pathogens that can endanger human health. Fecal coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli are bacterial indicators that can originate from many of the same sources as pathogenic bacteria and serve as a sign that pathogens may be present. These bacterial counts can be influenced by many different well-studied environmental factors, including pH, temperature, and nutrient availability. In addition to these factors, mammalian and waterfowl presence can influence coliform abundance. While this area of research has been examined before, conflicting conclusions have been reached as to whether or not waterfowl abundance positively correlates with coliform bacteria abundance. Levels of E. coli as well as Enterococcus, a genus of non-coliform bacterial organisms that are also found in high concentrations in feces, were measured by membrane filtration of water samples collected from six freshwater lakes around Lakeland, FL and were isolated from fresh fecal samples that were simultaneously collected from waterfowl species present at the lakes. Results suggest a correlation between the abundance of E. coli and the presence of waterfowl.

Introduction to Leachate Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-176
Author(s):  
Amin Mojiri ◽  
Siti Fatihah Binti Ramli ◽  
Wan Izatul Saadiah Binti Wan Kamar
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Leachate is created while water penetrates through the waste in a landfill, carrying some forms of pollutants. The goal of this chapter is the introduction to leachate treatment. Biological, physical, and chemical treatments of leachate are the most common methods. The biological techniques in leachate treatment are studied. The physical-chemical ways for landfill leachate treatment like chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, coagulation–flocculation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, adsorption and electrochemical treatment are studied. The landfill leachate properties, technical applicability and constraints, effluent discharge alternatives, cost-effectiveness, regulatory requirements and environmental impact are important factors for selection of the most suitable treatment technique for landfill leachate treatment.

Investigation of Novel Opuntia Ficus-indica Mucilage Nanofiber Membrane Filtration for Water Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia W. Thomas ◽  
Manopriya Devisetty ◽  
Hruday Chand Katakam ◽  
Samuel Perez ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes

ABSTRACTNanofiltration technology is being investigated as a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable mechanism of sustaining industrial and public water systems. Nanofiber membranes are part of the family of filtration devices being used to remove inorganics and organics from water systems. This study investigates the use of the natural material, Opuntia ficus-indica (Ofi) cactus mucilage, as a tool for nanofiber membrane filtration. Mucilage is a natural, non-toxic, bio-compatible, biodegradable, inexpensive and abundant material. Mucilage is a clear colorless substance comprised of proteins, mono-saccharides, and polysaccharides. It also contains organic species, which give it the capacity to interact with metals, cations and biological substances promoting flocculation for removing arsenic, bacteria, E. coli, and other particulates from drinking water. This natural material has the potential to be used as a sustainable method for water filtration and contaminant sensing. Therefore, mucilage nanofiber membranes were electrospun with volume ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polystyrene (PS) to mucilage comparing the interaction of non-polar solvents. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS) from PSAnalytical was used to evaluate electrospun nanofiber membranes made from volume ratios ranging from 30:70 to 70:30 of mucilage: polyvinyl alcohol, mucilage: polystyrene-D-limonene, and mucilage: polystyrene–toluene in different proportions. The mucilage nanofiber membranes were used as filtration devices for 50 ppb arsenic solutions. Arsenic, being a toxic substance, acts as a deadly poison in water systems and has plagued societal preservation for centuries. The total arsenic content in the samples were measured before and after treatment. Comparative tests were also performed using 1) coated and non-coated GVWP 0.22 µm and 0.45 µm filters from Millipore and 2) columnar flow through Pasteur glass pipets filled with 0.5 g of pre-washed sand from Fisher Scientific and 0.01 g of mucilage nanofibers. Results show mucilage: polystyrene nanofiber membrane filters were capable of removing arsenic from test solutions, in terms of the percentage of arsenic removed. These data elucidate that mucilage nanofiber membranes have the potential to serve as the basis for the next generation of economically sustainable filtration devices that make use of a natural non-toxic material for sustainable water systems.

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