Characteristics of growth and quality, and factors contributing to high yield in newly developed rice variety ‘Akidawara’

Abstract Genotype evaluation for stability and high yield in rice is an important factor for sustainable rice production and food security. These evaluations are essential, especially when the breeding objective is to release rice with high yields, adaptability and stability for commercial cultivation. To achieve this objective, this study was carried out to select high-yielding rice genotypes induced by ion beam irradiation. Seeds of the rice variety 'MR219' were subjected to different doses of 320 MeV carbon-ion beam irradiation to determine the optimum dose to produce high mutant frequency and spectrum. The optimum dose was 60 Gy. After several cycles of selection and fixation between 2009 and 2014 (M0-M6), six prospective lines with desirable characters were selected at the M6 generation. The selected mutant lines along with other mutant varieties were then tested at five locations in two planting seasons to select high-yielding and stable genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications across the locations and seasons. The pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01, 0.05) among genotypes, among locations and among genotypes by location by season (G×L×S interaction) for the yield traits except for seasons and genotype by season (G×S interaction). Based on univariate and multivariate stability parameters, rice genotypes were classified into three main categories. The first group comprised genotypes with high yield stability along with high yield per hectare. These genotypes include ML4 and ML6 and are widely adapted to diverse environmental conditions. One line exhibited high yield per hectare but low stability; this genotype (ML9) is suitable for specific environments. The last group had low yield per hectare and high stability and included 'MR220', 'Binadhan4' and 'Binadhan7'. This final group is more suitable for breeding specific traits or perhaps has yield component compensation. Hence, rice mutant lines ML4 and ML6 were recommended for commercial cultivation in Malaysia.

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Transcriptome and genome sequencing elucidates the molecular basis for the high yield and good quality of the hybrid rice variety Chuanyou6203

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76762-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juansheng Ren ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Fangyuan Gao ◽

Lihua Zeng ◽

Xianjun Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

High Yield ◽

Mrna Editing ◽

High Quality ◽

Flag Leaves ◽

Yield And Quality

AbstractThe yield heterosis of rice is sought by farmers and strong contributes to food safety, but the quality of hybrid rice may be reduced. Therefore, developing new varieties with both high yield and good quality is a heavily researched topic in hybrid rice breeding. However, the molecular mechanism governing yield heterosis and high rice quality has not been elucidated to date. In this study, a comparative transcriptomics and genomic analysis was performed on a hybrid rice variety, Chuanyou6203 (CY6203), and its parents to investigate the molecular mechanism and gene regulation network governing the formation of yield and quality stages. A total of 66,319 SNPs and InDels between CH3203 and C106B were detected in the 5′-UTR, exon, intronic, and 3′-UTR regions according to the reference genome annotation, which involved 7473 genes. A total of 436, 70, 551, 993, and 1216 common DEGs between CY6203 and both of its parents were identified at the same stage in panicles and flag leaves. Of the common DEGs, the numbers of upregulated DEGs between CY6203 and CH3203 were all greater than those of upregulated DEGs between CY6203 and C106B in panicles and flag leaves at the booting, flowering, and middle filling stages. Approximately 40.61% of mRNA editing ratios were between 0.4 and 0.6, and 1.68% of mRNA editing events (editing ratio ≥ 0.8) in CY6203 favored one of its parents at three stages or a particular stage, suggesting that the hypothetical heterosis mechanism of CY6203 might involve dominance or epistasis. Also 15,934 DEGs were classified into 19 distinct modules that were classified into three groups by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Through transcriptome analysis of panicles and flag leaves in the yield and quality stages, the DEGs in the green-yellow module primarily contributed to the increase in the source of CY6203 due to an in increase in photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and a small number of DEGs related to the grain number added spikelet number per panicle amplified its sink. The balanced expression of the major high-quality alleles of C106B and CH3203 in CY6203 contributed to the outstanding quality of CY6203. Our transcriptome and genome analyses offer a new data set that may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism governing the yield heterosis and high quality of a hybrid rice variety.

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Marker assisted introgression of bacterial blight resistant gene into submergence tolerance rice variety BRRI dhan52

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34499 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 403-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ME Kabir ◽

KM Iftekharuddaula ◽

MAI Khan ◽

MAK Mian ◽

NA Ivy

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Flash Flood ◽

Rice Variety ◽

High Yield ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Resistant Gene ◽

Rainfed Lowland ◽

Elite Breeding Lines

BRRI dhan52 is a uniquire submergence tolerant rice variety containing prominant genetic background of BR11, a mega rainfed lowland rice (RLR) variety of Bangladesh, but is susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The variety is considerably popular in the southern part of Bangladesh due to its high yield in flash flood condition and comparatvely medium slender grain. Molecular markers linked to BB resistance genes (Xa genes) and submergence QTL (SUB1) were utilized in a marker-aided selection program to develop elite breeding lines with broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. Sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were essentially used to detect the genes for BB and submergence as well. In backcross generation, markers closely linked to Xa21 and SUB1 QTL were used to select desirable plants possessing these resistance genes (foreground selection) and microsatellite markers polymorphic between donor and recurrent parent were also used to select plants that have maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome (background selection). In BC1F1 generation, three best plants consiquently were selected from previously selected ten double heterozygous (Xa21 and SUB1 QTL) plants. The percentage of recipient genome recovery in the best plant 1, 2 and 3 were 78.7%, 75.83% and 75.4%, respectively. Eventually this work illustrates the successful application of marker-assisted breeding for introgression of bacterial blight resistant gene into a rice variety of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 403-411, September 2017

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Heterosis-associated genes confer high yield in super hybrid rice

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-020-03669-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (12) ◽

pp. 3287-3297

Author(s):

Tianzi Lin ◽

Cong Zhou ◽

Gaoming Chen ◽

Jun Yu ◽

Wei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Female Parent ◽

High Yield ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines

Abstract Key message Heterosis QTLs, including qSS7 and qHD8, with dominance effects were identified through GBS and large-scale phenotyping of CSSLs and hybrid F1 populations in a paddy field. Abstract Heterosis has contributed immensely to agricultural production, but its genetic basis is unclear. We evaluated dominance effects by creating two hybrid populations: a B-homo set with a homozygous background and heterozygous chromosomal segments and a B-heter set with a heterozygous background and homozygous segments. This was achieved by crossing a set of 156 backcrossed-derived chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with their recurrent parent (9311), the male parent of the first super-high-yield hybrid Liangyoupei9 (LYP9), and with the female parent (PA64s) of the hybrid. The CSSLs were subjected to a genotyping-by-sequencing analysis to develop a genetic map of segments introduced from the PA64s. We evaluated the heterotic effects on eight yield-related traits in the hybrid variety and F1 populations in large-scale field experiments over 2 years. Using a linkage map consisting of high-density SNPs, we identified heterosis-associated genes in LYP9. Five candidate genes contributed to the high yield of LYP9, with qSS7 and qHD8 repeatedly detected in both B-hybrid populations. The heterozygous segments harboring qSS7 and qHD8 showed dominance effects that contributed to the heterosis of yield components in the hybrid rice variety Liangyoupei9.

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De novo Genome Assembly of the indica Rice Variety IR64 Using Linked-Read Sequencing and Nanopore Sequencing

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1534/g3.119.400871 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1495-1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Tanaka ◽

Ryo Nishijima ◽

Shota Teramoto ◽

Yuka Kitomi ◽

Takeshi Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Genomics ◽

Genome Assembly ◽

De Novo ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Genome ◽

High Yield ◽

Nanopore Sequencing ◽

Long Reads ◽

A Genome ◽

Modern Varieties

IR64 is a rice variety with high-yield that has been widely cultivated around the world. IR64 has been replaced by modern varieties in most growing areas. Given that modern varieties are mostly progenies or relatives of IR64, genetic analysis of IR64 is valuable for rice functional genomics. However, chromosome-level genome sequences of IR64 have not been available previously. Here, we sequenced the IR64 genome using synthetic long reads obtained by linked-read sequencing and ultra-long reads obtained by nanopore sequencing. We integrated these data and generated the de novo assembly of the IR64 genome of 367 Mb, equivalent to 99% of the estimated size. Continuity of the IR64 genome assembly was improved compared with that of a publicly available IR64 genome assembly generated by short reads only. We annotated 41,458 protein-coding genes, including 657 IR64-specific genes, that are missing in other high-quality rice genome assemblies IRGSP-1.0 of japonica cultivar Nipponbare or R498 of indica cultivar Shuhui498. The IR64 genome assembly will serve as a genome resource for rice functional genomics as well as genomics-driven and/or molecular breeding.

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Pengaruh Sistem Intercrop Padi Gogo - Rumput Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Padi Gogo

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v3i2.252 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yugi R Ahadiyat ◽

T Harjoso ◽

Ismangil Ismangil

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Main Plot

The objective of this study was to determine characters of several drought tolerance and high yield upland rice variety under low soil water content in intercrops rice – grass system. The study was carried out in rain water irrigation area of Banjaranyar village. Experimental design was Split Plot Design with three replicates. The Main plot was grass i.e no grass, elephant grass and lemon grass while sub plot was upland rice variety i.e. Situ Patenggang, Kalimutu, Danau Gaung, Jatiluhur dan Cisokan. Under very low soil water content (<12%), there was growth and yield differenc between rice varieties grown in intercrops system with grass. Eventhough there was no effect of this intercrop system on plant growth of upland rice, elephant grass promote higher rice yield, 0.88 t/ha than that without grass (0.39 t/ha) and with lemongrass (0.60 t/ha). Kalimutu variety showed the higher yield (1.38 t/ha) with plant height up to 46.27 cm and leaf area up to 4.63 cm2.

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Effect of on-farm trials in popularization of rice variety NDLR-7 (Nandyal Sona) in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh

AGRICULTURE UPDATE ◽

10.15740/has/au/15.4/315-318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 315-318

Author(s):

P. Ganesh Kumar ◽

R. Prasanna Lakshmi ◽

D. Subramanyam

Keyword(s):

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Cooking Quality ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Market Price ◽

High Yield ◽

Net Returns ◽

Fine Grain ◽

First Choice ◽

Horizontal Spread ◽

On Farm

Rice crop is grown in 43934 ha in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh during Kharif and Rabi. The traditional medium slender grain cultivar BPT-5204 is most popularly grown variety during Kharif and occupies 30-40 per cent of area in the district, which is susceptible to BPH and blast resulting in low yields and low net returns. Hence, on farm trials were conducted during 2012-13, 2013- 14 and 2014-15 with objective to assess the performance of new rice variety NDLR-7 which is medium slender short duration (130-135d) variety with tolerance to BPH and blast. During all the three years maximum number of BPH/sample was very low in NDLR-7 than BPT 5204 and maximum collections were recorded in November followed by October month. During all the years the variety recorded 6.1t/ha with average net returns of Rs.76,808/- per ha whereas BPT-5204 recorded 5.83t/ha with average net returns of Rs.68,542/ha. Because of its high yield, pest tolerance and good cooking quality it is widely accepted by farmers through horizontal spread of technology. Due to extension activities of KVK, Kalikiri area under NDLR-7 has been increased from 80ha in 2013-14 to 2000 ha in 2016-17 owing to its tolerance to BPH, fine grain and high market price and first choice of farmers, millers and traders.

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Identification of fgr gene and preliminary evaluation for agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety (Oryza sativa L.)

The Journal of Agriculture and Development ◽

10.52997/jad.5.02.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

Toan D. Pham

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Production ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

High Yield ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Fgr Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Vietnam particularly in the Mekong Delta. Screening of good quality and high yield rice varieties are needed for rice production in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to use molecular techniques to identify fgr gene and to evaluate preliminarily agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety. The results showed that this variety contained fgr gene. The fragrant allele was amplified by ESP - IFAP primers with a product of 255 bp in size. Similarly, evaluation of agronomic traits showed that the pandan sticky rice variety displayed many desirable characteristics such as plant height of 108 cm, panicle length of 25.6 cm, seed/panicle 135, 100-grain weight 2.07 g, pandan smell, level 2 of alkali digestion, gel consistency 93 mm. These results were useful information and could be applied for improving and providing pandan sticky rice variety for rice production.

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Introgression of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Rice Cultivar Ciherang: Response against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in the F6 Generation

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2048

Author(s):

Priya Lal Biswas ◽

Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽

Sharmistha Ghosal ◽

Gayatri Goswami ◽

Md. Shalim Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Single Gene ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance

Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is one of the most important diseases in rice. It results in significantly reduced productivity throughout all rice-growing regions of the world. Four BB resistance genes have been reported; however, introgression of a single gene into rice has not been able to sufficiently protect rice against BB infection. Pyramiding of effective BB resistance genes (i.e., Xa genes) into background varieties is a potential approach to controlling BB infection. In this study, combinations of four BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21, were pyramided into populations. The populations were derived from crossing Ciherang (a widespread Indonesian rice variety) with IRBB60 (resistance to BB). Promising recombinants from the F6 generation were identified by scoring the phenotype against three virulent bacterial strains, C5, P6, and V, which cause widespread BB infection in most rice-growing countries. Pyramiding of genes for BB resistance in 265 recombinant introgressed lines (RILs) were confirmed through marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the F5 and F6 generations using gene-specific primers. Of these 265 RILs, 11, 34 and 45 lines had four, three, or two BB resistance genes, respectively. The RILs had pyramiding of two or three resistance genes, with the Xa4 resistance gene showing broad spectrum resistance against Xoo races with higher agronomic performance compared to their donor and recipients parents. The developed BB-resistant RILs have high yield potential to be further developed for cultivation or as sources of BB resistance donor material for varietal improvement in other rice lines.

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